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1.
利用2008年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,基于精算估计方法测算了居民的各种养老金财产及其对家庭财产分布的影响。研究发现,在养老保险制度范围内,社会养老保险的保障水平较高,产生了较大的正向再分配效应,大幅度降低了居民财产分布的不平等程度。但在全体居民范围内,由于较低的覆盖范围,社会养老保险财产并没有明显改变居民财产的分布差距。 相似文献
2.
史云萍 《内蒙古科技与经济》2006,(15):25-26
养老保险基金是维系国家养老保险制度正常运行的主要支柱,是国家实现社会产品和国民收入分配、再分配的一种主要形式。本文论述了做好养老保险基金增收的四个途径:一是扩大养老保险覆盖面;二是做好养老保险征缴环节的稽核;三是提高养老保险费征缴率,确保养老保险费应收尽收;四是提高养老保险积累基金的投资收益率,拓展投资渠道。做好养老保险节支有三个途径:一是严防“跑冒滴漏”,做好养老保险支付环节的稽核;二是建立健全退休审批制度;三是完善养老金计发办法。 相似文献
3.
我国城镇职工工资增长和养老金增长替代关系分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
工资收入与养老金是“源”“流”关系，“源”孕育着“流”，“流”取之于“源”。本文在对近年来我国城镇职工工资增长和养老金增长替代关系分析的基础上，揭示了养老金实际替代率低于名义替代率且呈快速下降趋势的事实，从而指出了该趋势对收入分配格局和养老保险的价值目标及制度安排的重要影响，并提出了有关政策建议。 相似文献
4.
养老金收支平衡是养老保险制度持续发展的关键。目前,我国养老保险制度存在企业和机关事业单位的双轨制,机关事业单位职工养老金水平远远高于企业职工,使得企业职工的养老金水平一直面临追高的压力,导致养老金缺口问题不断加剧。缩小养老金缺口、化解缺口风险需从制度入手,即改革机关事业单位养老保险制度,使之与企业养老保险制度接轨。 相似文献
5.
本文运用人口预测模型和基本养老保险基金收支预测模型,对未来我国人口状况和基本养老保险基金收支状况进行了预测;变动相关人口因素,测算人口因素变动下的基础养老金和个人账户养老金收支情况,得出相关人口因素如何影响基本养老基金收支平衡的结论.结果表明:对于基础养老金来讲,育龄妇女分年龄生育率的上升、职工的起始工作年龄的提高、退休年龄的提高、养老保险缴费人数增加或领取养老金人数的减少均有利于基金收支平衡.对于个人账户养老金来讲,职工死亡概率的降低不利于其个人账户养老金收支平衡的实现;职工的退休年龄越高,职工从养老保险制度获益越大,个人账户缺口增加. 相似文献
6.
养老保险制度是社会保障的重要内容,有效的养老保险制度可以为参保人员年老丧失劳动能力之后提供养老金。利用多元统计的回归预测方法,对我国养老保险制度实施的进度进行了预测分析,并获得了我国养老保险制度发展的趋势,从而提出了养老保险制度优化的新思路。 相似文献
7.
首先阐述了我国企业养老金哙计的制度，从三个层次对该制度进行介绍。其次探讨了我国养老金会计核算中存在的急需解决的问题，并针对这些问题提出了规范我国企业养老保险基金会计发展的建议和思路。 相似文献
8.
新中国成立以来,我国的养老保障制度经历了多次制度变迁。从大的方面看,可以分为三个基本阶段:一是新中国成立至上世纪80年代中的“传统体制”阶段;二是上世纪80年代中至90年代中的“社会统筹”阶段;三是上世纪90年代中至今的“统账结合”阶段。同时,按照新的基本养老金计发办法,《决定》实施后参加工作、缴费年限累计满15年的人员,退休后按月发给基本养老金。基本养老金由基础养老金和个人账户养老金组成。目前,在我国的城市,已经建立起多层次、多元化的养老保障体系,从大的方面来讲包括:家庭养老保障、社会养老保险、商业养老保险和社会救助。家庭养老保障是老年生活保障体系中最基本的一个层次,是没有退休金收入的老年人的主要生活依靠。社会养老保险目前还是一种职业关联型的社会保障制度,只有参加工作并履行了缴费义务的人才能领到退休金。目前社会养老保险包括三个层次,即基本养老保险、企业年金和个人储蓄性养老保险。1999年,我国将基本养老保险的覆盖范围扩大到外商投资企业、城镇私营企业和其它城镇企业及其职工。2002年继续将覆盖范围扩大到城镇灵活就业人员。2003年底,全国基本养老保险参保人数达到15506万人,其中参保职工11646万人。全国社会保障基金积累资金达到1300多亿元。社会救助层次主要建立了城市最低生活保障制度,为收入低于最低生活标准的老年人提供生活救助。 相似文献
9.
首先阐述了我国企业养老金会计的制度,从三个层次对该制度进行介绍。其次探讨了我国养老金会计核算中存在的急需解决的问题,并针对这些问题提出了规范我国企业养老保险基金会计发展的建议和思路。 相似文献
10.
随着养老保险金的社会化发放方式的不断推行,养老保险冒领的现象不断出现。在我国社会保障制度建立时间不长、整体保障能力尚比较脆弱的情况下,任何对养老金的非法侵占都将危及其整体的支付能力,影响社会养老保险制度的顺利推进。如何杜绝养老保险冒领的行为,对解决养老保险空账问题,发挥养老保险的社会化功能具有深远意义。本文在阐述协同论一般原理的基础上,揭示该理论体系对我国养老保险基金监管的启示,从而提供新的视角和启迪。 相似文献
11.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献