首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
波普尔认为,科学知识即理论内容的增长是科学进步的最为重要的标志。然而,科学理论的内容丰富程度与逻辑概率之间呈反变关系,因此,科学理论的可接受性标准不是理论的可证实性,而是理论的可证伪性;相应地,可接受性标准是非归纳的或反归纳的。萨尔蒙对波普尔的反归纳主义的可接受性概念给以有力地批驳,拉卡托斯基进而给出一种归纳的可接受性标准,并作为对波普尔的非归纳的可接受性的补充。  相似文献   

2.
分界问题是科学的划界问题,归纳问题是归纳推理的正确性问题。波普尔在重新思考和分析这两个问题的基础上,提出了他的以“证伪主义”和“科学知识增长”为主要内容的科学哲学思想。所以,分界问题和归纳问题成为波普尔科学哲学思想的基础和出发点。  相似文献   

3.
波普尔的科学哲学一直是我国理论界关注的焦点,证伪主义的方法为大家所熟知。本文介绍波普尔“真理观”的形成过程,他的逼真性陈述定义、对于真理的度量方法,以及部分学者对波普尔的真理观评价,最后分析对波普尔逼真性真理观的四种解决方案。  相似文献   

4.
通过对归纳推理和演绎推理的辩证关系与波普尔反归纳法的比较 ,提出实距真值率作为归纳真值率的计算公式 ,并力图用全息律的观点统一归纳推理与演绎推理 ,认为归纳推理与演绎推理的理论前提和根据是全息律 ,归纳推理和演绎推理都是缩小性的推理  相似文献   

5.
“无限全称命题概率为0”问题与归纳概率逻辑   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
分析卡尔那普以及波普尔得出"无限全称命题概率为0"结论的原因,介绍欣迪卡α-λ二维系统和宁尼鲁托K维系统的基本概念和主要结果.指出"无限全称命题概率为0"是归纳概率逻辑发展早期由于理论不成熟而产生的问题,这个问题在20世纪70年代已经解决.说明归纳概率逻辑与归纳推理的关系.  相似文献   

6.
科恩(L.J.Cohen)认为以波普尔(K.Popper)的数学主义理论为代表的多标准的概率解释不是真正的解释性的理论。为此,他提出了新的概率概念并把它解释为可证性的程度,结果,那样一个概率的陈述被视为对推理有效性的评价。这种概率概念的根本特征是它的内在的多标准性,相应地,它可以合理地和满意地解释概率现象的多标准性,揭示它们内在的概念的统一性。  相似文献   

7.
休谟问题引发了为归纳推理有效性的辩护。迄今为止,凡是站在先验哲学立场上为归纳推理和归纳法进行辩护,最终都归于失败;直到施泰默应用大量科学事实为归纳辩护的出现,才为归纳问题的解决开辟了一条阳光之道。本文认为,为归纳推理有效性进行辩护的基础并非静态的事实,而是从假设出发归于事实的动态过程;为归纳推理有效性进行辩护的基础也并非唯一,不同的辩护者有不同的辩护过程,对辩护的基础,他们也会有不同的要求,这些不同的要求将决定归纳推理的命运。  相似文献   

8.
归纳思维是一种重要的逻辑推理形式,完全归纳推理可以论证创新成果,不完全归纳推理可以产生新猜想、实现新创造,概率预测与归纳划类推理是人们从事实践活动、发现新事物的重要思想方法。  相似文献   

9.
归纳的辩护可以划分为概率式辩护和非概率式辩护两种不同的形态.概率式辩护由于得到数理统计理论支撑而得以成立,然而概率式辩护并不足以承担整个为归纳辩护的职责.作为补充,归纳的非概率式辩护并不成功,不论是皮尔士所说的"归纳具有自我修正性"还是刘易斯的"先验分析式"辩护最终都没有说明归纳推理的有效性.  相似文献   

10.
和演绎推理相比,归纳推理的特殊性表现在两个方面:内容的扩展性和形式的非必然性.作为扩展性的非必然推理,归纳不可避免地遭遇到"休谟问题"的纠缠.该问题的核心在于,我们能否对归纳推理和有关归纳信念的合理性提供证明以及如何证明.面对众多的积极辩护措施,波普尔另辟蹊径,在其批判理性主义基础上提出了釜底抽薪式的否定消解方案,即归纳推理因缺乏逻辑学依据和经验科学基础,故应被驱逐出科学方法论领域,从而归纳问题根本不存在.处理波普尔哲学的最好方式,就是对他的批判理性主义以及奠基其上的否定消解方案展开客观公正的批判和反批判.一方面,波普尔的批判理性主义中蕴含着深刻的质疑、批判、创新的科学精神及合理因素,其对休谟问题的消解方案也的确在某种程度上暴露出传统归纳方法和归纳推理的逻辑漏洞,但另一方面,隐藏在波普尔方案中的批判理性主义由于超越了真理和谬误之间的微小界限,从而走向了另一个极端,那就是矫枉过正的极端否证主义.  相似文献   

11.
《海外英语》2007,(5):44-45
It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,  相似文献   

12.
一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/  相似文献   

13.
《海外英语》2007,(5):10-11
Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?  相似文献   

14.
《海外英语》2007,(4):36
There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.  相似文献   

15.
王菲 《华章》2007,(12):273-273
Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.  相似文献   

16.
裴水妹 《华章》2007,(11):196
Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.  相似文献   

17.
18.
1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…  相似文献   

19.
《海外英语》2007,(4):8-9
城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!  相似文献   

20.
During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号