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1.
Grounded in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), the purpose of the present study was to examine whether amotivation, self-determined and controlling types of motivation could predict a range of exercise-related behaviours, cognitions and physical self-evaluations. Exercisers (n = 375) from ten health clubs in the North of England completed questionnaires measuring exercise motivation, exercise stages of change, number of relapses from exercise, future intention to exercise, barriers self-efficacy, physical self-worth and social physique anxiety. Controlling for age and sex, multiple and logistic regression analyses supported our hypotheses by showing self-determined motivation (i.e. intrinsic motivation and identified regulation) to predict more adaptive behavioural, cognitive and physical self-evaluation patterns than external regulation and amotivation. Introjected regulation was related to both adaptive and maladaptive outcomes. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis of variance revealed that exercisers in the maintenance stage of change displayed significantly more self-determined motivation to exercise than those in the preparation and action stages. The results illustrate the importance of promoting self-determined motivation in exercisers to improve the quality of their experiences, as well as to foster their exercise behaviour. Future research should examine the mechanisms that promote self-determined motivation in exercise. 相似文献
2.
为探讨一般自我效能与冰雪运动参与行为的关系,揭示锻炼自我效能和锻炼效果认知在一般自我效能与冰雪运动参与行为间的作用机制,采用问卷法对366名大学生进行调查。结果表明:(1)一般自我效能通过锻炼自我效能的部分中介作用间接预测冰雪运动参与行为;锻炼效果认知调节一般自我效能和冰雪运动参与行为的关系;整体模型检验发现,一般自我效能、锻炼自我效能、锻炼效果认知、冰雪运动参与行为构成了一个有中介的调节模型;(2)一般自我效能和锻炼自我效能是两个不同且有联系的层次。本研究结果扩展了锻炼行为的研究领域,有利于揭示冰雪运动参与的影响因素和内在作用机制,对促进大学生乃至全民冰雪运动参与具有一定启示意义。 相似文献
3.
Although the benefits of exercise are well documented, an international problem of physical inactivity exists. More research, especially theory based, has been recommended. One promising approach for studying exercise behavior is that proposed in the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of behavior change. This model, however, has received minimal cross-cultural attention and, relative to the current study, measurement instruments have only recently been translated into the Finnish language. The purpose of this study was to assess American and Finnish college students' exercise behaviors on the basis of TTM. Participants were American (n = 169) and Finnish (n = 168) college students who completed language-specific measures of exercise behavior, stage of change, processes of change, decisional balance, self-efficacy, and temptation. The only cultural difference observed was that the American participants rated themselves higher on barrier self-efficacy relative to the Finnish participants. Regardless of nationality orgender, participants classified by their stage of change differed on all the core constructs assessed. These results generally support the utility of TTM for understanding American and Finnish college students' exercise behavior. 相似文献
4.
Factors associated with transitional shifts in college students' physical activity behavior 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska & Marcus, 1994) has been widely used as a framework for understanding exercise behavior change. The purpose of this study was to clarify equivocal research findings reported for model predictions when examining stage movement over time rather than static stages and to provide some evidence of the construct validity of transitional stages. Participants were female (n = 285) and male (n = 243) undergraduates (M age = 19.9 years, SD = 2.7) who completed previously validated questionnaires twice, separated by 9 weeks, that assessed stage of change, exercise behavior, processes of change, pros and cons of exercise, and exercise self-efficacy. Participants were classified into one of five transitional shift groups based on their responses at baseline and follow up: (a) stable sedentary, (b) stable active, (c) activity adopters, (d) activity relapsers, and (e) perpetual preparers. Results of a 5 (group) x 2 (time) repeated measures (RM) analysis of variance (ANOVA) examining exercise behavior revealed a significant interaction (p < .001) and supported transitional stage classification, with activity adopters and stable actives increasing exercise over time and relapsers decreasing activity. Separate 5 (group) x 2 (time) RM ANOVAs examining model constructs revealed no significant interaction for cognitive processes of change; however, activity adopters and stable actives reported significant (p < .01) increases in the use of behavioral processes over time, while only the activity relapsers and perpetual preparers reported decreases. Activity relapsers also reported significant (p < .05) decreases in the pros of exercise. No significant interactions were found for the cons of exercise behavior. Unlike findings reported in cross-sectional studies, increases in self-efficacy did not accompany increases in exercise stage. The findings strongly support examination of stage movement classifications rather than static stages, as these transitions provide greater insight into the mechanisms of exercise behavior change. 相似文献
5.
Abstract Although the benefits of exercise are well documented, an international problem of physical inactivity exists. More research, especially theory based, has been recommended. One promising approach for studying exercise behavior is that proposed in the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of behavior change. This model, however, has received minimal cross-cultural attention and, relative to the current study, measurement instruments have only recently been translated into the Finnish language. The purpose of this study was to assess American and Finnish college students' exercise behaviors on the basis of TTM. Participants were American (n = 169) and Finnish (n = 168) college students who completed language-specific measures of exercise behavior, stage of change, processes of change, decisional balance, self-efficacy, and temptation. The only cultural difference observed was that the American participants rated themselves higher on barrier self-efficacy relative to the Finnish participants. Regardless of nationality or gender, participants classified by their stage of change differed on all the core constructs assessed. These results generally support the utility of TTM for understanding American and Finnish college students' exercise behavior. 相似文献
6.
The Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska & Marcus, 1994) has been widely used as a framework for understanding exercise behavior change. The purpose of this study was to clarify equivocal research findings reported for model predictions when examining stage movement over time rather than static stages and to provide some evidence of the construct validity of transitional stages. Participants were female (n = 285) and male (n = 243) undergraduates (M age = 19.9 years, SD = 2.7) who completed previously validated questionnaires twice, separated by 9 weeks, that assessed stage of change, exercise behavior, processes of change, pros and cons of exercise, and exercise self-efficacy. Participants were classified into one of five transitional shift groups based on their responses at baseline and follow up: (a) stable sedentary, (b) stable active, (c) activity adopters, (d) activity relapsers, and (e) perpetual preparers. Results of a 5 (group) x 2 (time) repeated measures (RM) analysis of variance (ANOVA) examining exercise behavior revealed a significant interaction (p < .001) and supported transitional stage classification, with activity adopters and stable actives increasing exercise over time and relapsers decreasing activity. Separate 5 (group) x 2 (time) RM ANOVAs examining model constructs revealed no significant interaction for cognitive processes of change; however, activity adopters and stable actives reported significant (p < .01) increases in the use of behavioral processes over time, while only the activity relapsers and perpetual preparers reported decreases. Activity relapsers also reported significant (p < .05) decreases in the pros of exercise. No significant interactions were found for the cons of exercise behavior. Unlike findings reported in cross-sectional studies, increases in self-efficacy did not accompany increases in exercise stage. The findings strongly support examination of stage movement classifications rather than static stages, as these transitions provide greater insight into the mechanisms of exercise behavior change. 相似文献
7.
体育锻炼可以有效地促进身心健康,但在我国只有少数人群能够长期坚持体育锻炼。通过科学有效的健康宣导来鼓励更多的人参与体育锻炼是非常有必要的。以中国公民为研究对象,探究时间框架和未来结果的考虑对中国公民锻炼意愿的交互作用,同时也分析自我效能、时间框架和未来结果的考虑三者对中国公民锻炼意愿的交互影响。通过线上实验的方法,以不同时间框架信息为刺激物,收集了328个样本数据。研究结果显示,未来结果的考虑和自我效能都会对体育锻炼意愿产生主效应。未来结果的考虑和时间框架对体育锻炼意愿有显著的交互作用,相比于面向现在的时间框架,未来结果的考虑程度高的人接收面向未来的时间框架时更能提高体育锻炼的意愿;而未来结果的考虑程度低的人接触面向现在的时间框架信息后的体育锻炼意愿较强。此外,自我效能、时间框架和未来结果的考虑也会对中国公民锻炼意愿产生交互作用。针对自我效能高的人,如果未来结果的考虑程度较低,则接触面向现在的时间框架时,体育锻炼的意愿最强;如果未来结果的考虑程度较高,则不同的时间框架信息不会影响体育锻炼意愿。针对自我效能低的人,未来结果的考虑程度与不同的时间框架信息是否匹配则显著影响个人的体育锻炼意愿,即未来结果的考虑程度低的人接收面向现在的时间框架信息时会有较强的锻炼意愿,未来结果的考虑程度高的人面向未来的时间框架会有较强的锻炼意愿。最后,根据数据分析结果为体育锻炼健康宣导运动提出信息宣传策略,同时分析和总结本研究的不足,对未来的相关研究进行展望。 相似文献
8.
9.
社会经济地位是影响个体身体活动参与的重要社会因素。通过对国内外相关研究文献进行分析,检验社会经济地位对不同群体身体活动的影响效应,梳理社会经济地位影响个体身体活动参与的作用路径,发现：（1）社会经济地位对个体的身体活动具有重要影响,但对青少年、普通人群和特殊人群身体活动的影响效应存在差异;（2）社会经济地位通过社区环境（体育活动设施、社区学校条件）、家庭因素（家庭物质环境、家庭成员身体活动行为）、久坐行为、超重或肥胖、锻炼动机（锻炼意图、自我效能）等因素对个体身体活动产生影响。（3）当前关于社会经济地位与身体活动关系的研究存在核心概念的界定与测量混乱、社会经济地位影响身体活动的理论构建缺乏等问题。 相似文献
10.
根据自我效能的概念对锻炼自我效能进行理论界定,分析总结锻炼自我效能与锻炼行为的关系,指出对锻炼自我效能研究存在的不足以及进一步研究的方向。 相似文献
11.
不同人群体育锻炼坚持性研究述评 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对青少年、妇女、老年和特殊人群锻炼的持久性与锻炼动机、自我归因、自我效能及年龄、性别的关系进行了综述.分析与讨论了该领域研究的现状及存在问题,提出了我国开展锻炼坚持性研究的建议与方向. 相似文献
12.
Self-efficacy and the stages of exercise behavior change. 总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32
B H Marcus V C Selby R S Niaura J S Rossi 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1992,63(1):60-66
This study examined the application of constructs concerning stage of readiness to change and self-efficacy to exercise. We developed two scales to measure stages of change for exercise behavior. Prevalence information on a sample of 1,063 government employees and 429 hospital employees was then obtained. Next, the ability of a questionnaire measuring exercise self-efficacy to differentiate employees according to stage of readiness to change was tested. Results from both stages-of-change scales revealed that 34-39% of employees were regularly participating in physical activity. Scores on efficacy items significantly differentiated employees at most stages. Results indicated employees who had not yet begun to exercise, in contrast with those who exercised regularly, had little confidence in their ability to exercise. Continued work at understanding the stages of exercise behavior and exercise self-efficacy could yield important information for enhancing exercise adoption and adherence. 相似文献
13.
Across various social cognitive theories, behavioral intention is broadly argued to be the most proximal and important predictor of behavior (Ajzen, 1991; Gibbons, Gerrard, Blanton, & Russell, 1998; Rogers, 1983). It seems probable that an intention to increase behavior might be differentially determined from an intention to maintain behavior. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to examine (1) the change in two types of behavioral intention over time and (2) the relationship between intention and the social-cognitive factor mental imagery. Behavioral intention, exercise imagery, and observed exercise behavior was measured in 68 exercise initiates participating in a 12-week exercise program. Results revealed that behavioral intention to increase exercise behavior decreased over the exercise program, whereas intentions to maintain exercise behavior increased. Appearance and technique imagery were found to be significant predictors of intention to increase behavior during the first 6 weeks of the program, and only appearance imagery predicted intention to maintain exercise behavior during the last 6 weeks. These findings suggest that the two types of behavioral intention are distinguishable and may be useful targets for exercise behavior interventions. 相似文献
14.
为了深入研究女性大学生群体在参与体育锻炼行为中的具体动机及自我效能在锻炼行为中所发挥的影响作用,运用结构方程模型理论,构建了女大学生锻炼动机及自我效能的测量体系,以期为深入研究大众群体健身活动过程中的锻炼动机及自我效能提供有益参考。 相似文献
15.
依据运动承诺、锻炼行为的相关研究,建立基于运动承诺的大学生锻炼行为的假设理论模型。采用运动承诺、锻炼行为、锻炼动机和锻炼效
果等心理量表对582 名大学生进行测量,运用结构方程模型对调查数据和大学生体育锻炼行为的影响因素模型进行检验。结果表明：理论模型
与观测数据拟合很好;锻炼内部动机、锻炼效果和锻炼条件对运动承诺均表现为显著正影响,外部动机对运动承诺表现为显著负影响;运动承诺
能够很好的预测锻炼行为;并且锻炼动机、锻炼效果和锻炼条件通过运动承诺影响锻炼行为。 相似文献
16.
《运动与健康科学(英文)》2019,8(3):289-297
BackgroundThe effect of the Köhler group dynamics paradigm (i.e., working together with a more capable partner where one's performance is indispensable to the team outcome) has been shown to increase motivation to exercise longer at a strength task in partnered exercise video games (exergames) using a software-generated partner (SGP). However, the effect on exercise intensity with an SGP has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the motivation to maintain or increase exercise intensity among healthy, physically active middle-aged adults using an SGP in an aerobic exergame.MethodsParticipants (n = 85, mean age = 44.9 years) exercised with an SGP in a 6-day cycle ergometer protocol, randomly assigned to either (a) no partner control, (b) superior SGP who was not a teammate, or (c) superior SGP as a teammate (team score was dependent on the inferior member). The protocol alternated between 30-min continuous and 4-min interval high-intensity session days, during which participants could change cycle power output (watts) from target intensity to alter distance and speed.ResultsMean change in watts from a targeted intensity (75% and 90% maximum heart rate) was the primary dependent variable reflecting motivational effort. Increases in performance over baseline were demonstrated without significant differences between conditions. Self-efficacy and enjoyment were significantly related to effort in the more intense interval sessions.ConclusionUnder these conditions, no Köhler effect was observed. Exercise performance during the higher-intensity interval format is more closely related to enjoyment and self-efficacy beliefs compared to the continuous sessions. 相似文献
17.
青少年锻炼行为阶段变化与变化过程的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
方敏 《西安体育学院学报》2011,28(3):349-355
以跨理论模型为理论基础,探究锻炼阶段变化和变化过程的特点和关系,为青少年锻炼促进干预提供手段和思路。按人口统计学抽样要求,采用锻炼阶段变化和锻炼变化过程量表对899名中学生进行测查。多元方差分析、判别分析和logistic回归等统计分析结果表明:青少年锻炼水平有着明显的阶段特点,多数学生锻炼不足;变化过程因素存在显著的锻炼阶段特征;相邻锻炼阶段转变过程中,不同的变化过程因素预测不同锻炼阶段的转变。研究建议应根据青少年锻炼阶段采用针对性的干预策略。 相似文献
18.
ABSTRACT It has been suggested in recent research that rational beliefs as conceptualized within rational-emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) can be operationalized as strategic self-talk, but this has yet to be meaningfully investigated. The current study examines the effects of five one-to-one REBT sessions with three amateur American Football athletes to foster rational self-talk. The purpose of the intervention was to reduce the irrational beliefs, but also in line with recent applied REBT research, to increase the self-determined motivation and self-efficacy of the athletes. Using an idiographic single-case, staggered multiple-baseline across participants design, visual analyses revealed meaningful increases in self-determined motivation and self-efficacy, adjunct to decreases in total irrational beliefs across all participants. Social validation data supported these outcomes. These findings add to the growing research indicating that REBT can influence motivational approaches in athletes, such as self-determined motivation and self-efficacy. Results are discussed in relation to processes underlying the mechanisms of change, while also reporting the limitations of the study. The robustness of the research design increases the extent to which target variable changes can be attributed to REBT, but critical reflections are undertaken to assess the veracity of the findings. 相似文献
19.
Rodgers WM Wilson PM Hall CR Fraser SN Murray TC 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2008,79(2):222-234
This series of three studies considers the multidimensionality of exercise self-efficacy by examining the psychometric characteristics of an instrument designed to assess three behavioral subdomains: task, scheduling, and coping. In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis revealed the expected factor structure in a sample of 395 students. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed these results in a second sample of 282 students. In Study 2, the generalizability of the factor structure was confirmed with CFA in a randomly selected sample of 470 community adults, and discriminant validity was supported by theoretically consistent distinctions among exercisers and nonexercisers. In Study 3, change in self-efficacy in conjunction with adoption of novel exercise was examined in a sample of 58 women over 12 weeks. Observed changes in the three self-efficacy domains appeared to be relatively independent. Together, the three studies support a multidimensional conceptualization of exercise self-efficacy that can be assessed and appears to be sensitive to change in exercise behavior. 相似文献
20.
通过1194名上海市市民关于锻炼阶段,锻炼乐趣,以及锻炼自我效能的问卷调查。探讨了锻炼对健康生活质量（HRQOL）的影响,以及锻炼各阶段的心理效应变化。结果显示锻炼阶段与HRQOL相关。控制了体重指数（BMI）和锻炼阶段后,锻炼乐趣,锻炼自我效能与生活质量显著相关。结果不仅有力证明锻炼对HRQOL的影响,还证明锻炼带来的积极心理效应也直接影响HRQOL。从结果可以推测,加强我国居民锻炼行为与相关心理效应可以增强健康相关生活质量。锻炼阶段,锻炼乐趣与锻炼自我效能是预测健康相关生活质量的重要指标。 相似文献