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Over the past few years, data mining has moved from corporations to other organizations. This paper looks at the integration of data mining in digital library services. First, bibliomining, or the combination of bibliometrics and data mining techniques to understand library services, is defined and the concept explored. Second, the conceptual frameworks for bibliomining from the viewpoint of the library decision-maker and the library researcher are presented and compared. Finally, a research agenda to resolve many of the common bibliomining issues and to move the field forward in a mindful manner is developed. The result is not only a roadmap for understanding the integration of data mining in digital library services, but also a template for other cross-discipline data mining researchers to follow for systematic exploration in their own subject domains. 相似文献
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For many companies the remaining barriers to adopting cloud computing services are related to security. One of these significant security issues is the lack of auditability for various aspects of security in the cloud computing environment. In this paper we look at the issue of cloud computing security auditing from three perspectives: user auditing requirements, technical approaches for (data) security auditing and current cloud service provider capabilities for meeting audit requirements. We also divide specific auditing issues into two categories: infrastructure security auditing and data security auditing. We find ultimately that despite a number of techniques available to address user auditing concerns in the data auditing area, cloud providers have thus far only focused on infrastructure security auditing concerns. 相似文献
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Science and security policy are increasingly overlapping because of concerns that legitimate research might be misapplied to develop biological weapons. This has led to an expansion of security policy to cover broad areas of research and scientific practice, including funding, publishing, peer-review, employment, materials transfer, post-graduate teaching and academics’ ability to design and perform experiments and disseminate research. Such changes raise policy concerns because many of the technologies used to produce biological weapons are ‘dual use’ and have legitimate peaceful applications. As a result, attempts to control their generation, diffusion or application can have unintended impacts on socially beneficial applications. This paper explores recent changes in the governance of science and technology and contributes to future policy making by assessing the relative merits of understanding the development of dual use policy in terms of either technology transfer or technology convergence. 相似文献
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When researchers disclose their original data, they can enhance the visibility of their research works and gain more academic credits (credit effect). By contrast, doing so may accelerate the knowledge replacement process, which dissipates the academic credit that their research works may have received (competition effect). In this study, we examine whether and the extent to which scientists gain academic credit for their research works by publicly disclosing their data. Our review of various literature hypothesizes that data-disclosing research gains more academic credit than non-data-disclosing research in the short term. However, this difference gradually disappears and reverses as the competition effect emerges. This pattern is expected to systematically differ depending on the academic reputation of the journals where the data-disclosing research is published. We empirically test the derived hypotheses by analyzing the metadata of over 310,000 Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC)-indexed journal articles published in 2010. Our analysis supports both hypotheses. The present study contributes to the on-going policy discussion about the need for institutional measures to promote disclosure of research data by scientists. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]提出基于用户认知的云存储服务优化对策,为解决学术信息资源云存储安全障碍提供指导。[方法/过程]通过问卷调查389名科研人员云存储服务使用及云存储服务安全认知情况,分析科研人员云存储应用安全障碍。[结果/结论]文件损坏问题、文件同步更新问题、学术信息资源内容合规性误判问题以及隐私泄露担忧是制约科研人员深度使用云存储服务的主要安全障碍。同时从攻克技术难题、完善管理策略、推进监管实施等方面提出针对性解决安全障碍的建议和措施。 相似文献
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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):143-158
Using data from two surveys of science and technology academics in major Australian research universities, an assessment is made of researcher involvement in industry-research partnerships, the outputs and personal benefits that result, and the occurrence of delaying publications and withholding data and materials from colleagues. An estimated 40% of academics currently have industry research funding, with many also having other sources of funding. Some 60% of respondents with industry funding have attracted individually, or within a research group, funding of more than $250,000 over the past three years. About 35% of principal investigators with industry funding have total annual research budgets of over $101,000. While about 20% of academics have produced research results of commercial value, most of these have been less successful in increasing their personal incomes through research commercialisation and consulting, and equity in companies. Almost 40% with industry funding report having conducted research where the results are the property of a sponsor and cannot be published for a period without consent. Almost 20% of academics in 1997 and just over 20% in 2000 admitted having delayed publications for more than six months. However, safeguarding the researcher's self-interest appears to be as common a motive for delaying publication or failing to share research results or materials with scientific colleagues as protecting the property of a sponsor. 相似文献
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Missing data is a common occurrence in survey-based research studies. However, the issue of missing data in Management Information Systems (MIS) literature has been overlooked, unlike the case in other disciplines such as Psychology, Marketing, Statistics, and Operations Management. The aim of this paper is to narrow this gap in the MIS field by investigating how MIS researchers address issues of missing data. This paper briefly outlines the causes of missing data in survey-based research as well as the common remedial techniques available to researchers. The paper also reviews how the common statistical software programs namely PASW (SPSS), SAS, LISREL, AMOS, EQS, and PLS handle missing data. It summarizes the common missing data remedial techniques and procedures and outlines how the presence of missing data affect sample size, statistical power, parameter estimates, ability to cope with different missing data patterns, and ease of implementation. Following that is a review of 749 survey-based research articles published between 1990 and 2010 in nine mainstream MIS Journals. The results reveal that researchers rarely report, explicitly, the presence or treatment of missing data and that when they do – they tend to use the least accurate techniques of listwise and pairwise deletion. The research concludes with recommendations that include a call for editorial policies that encourage the reporting of missing data, the reporting of the chosen missing data treatment techniques as well as the justifications for the techniques adopted by the researchers. The authors assert, based on the research, that following these recommendations will affect the rigor and quality of MIS survey-based research. 相似文献
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我国的数据安全治理处于起步阶段，总结国外相关措施经验，为我国数据安全治理提供参考借鉴。从政策、法律、制度、行业等方面分析我国数据安全治理进展，剖析目前在数字基础设施建设、数据保护法律体系、数据安全监管、国家数据主权方面存在的问题；分析美国、德国、日本、韩国的数据安全治理措施，总结得出其主要经验包括加强政府规划引导和数据安全顶层设计、强化法律规范建立数据安全保护体系、加强行业和企业的数据安全管理、规范数据安全治理的规则与标准等。据此提出“十四五”时期完善我国数据安全治理工作的建议：加强数字基础设施建设；完善数据安全治理的法律体系；设立数据保护专职机构；在企业层面强化数据安全机制；重视数据人才培育。 相似文献
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介绍了在PHP环境中,实现可视化地对MySQL数据库的备份与还原,它能在MySQL系统崩溃或数据服务器崩溃时快速、有效地恢复数据,从而有力地保证了MySQL数据库中数据的完整性、安全性,使系统的数据损失降至最低程度。定期对数据库进行备份是数据库管理员对数据管理的一个良策。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(1):104408
Increasing awareness of the credibility crisis and related replication crisis in business research drives calls for greater understanding of the state of replication studies. This research addresses these calls by analyzing the 10-year publication history of 121 leading journals (Academic Journal Guide (AJG 2018)). Examination of 83,682 articles reveals 4,412 potential replications. Detailed analysis of 500 randomly selected articles offers further insights. Results indicate most replications are conceptual in nature, support prior findings and represent only 1.47% of published research in leading journals. Significantly, most replications occur as part of within-study or intrastudy designs. Replications by independent researchers are very rare, raising credibility concerns due to author overlap and associated researcher and measurement biases. Recommendations for the improvement of replication efforts are made. 相似文献
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本文对我国科研人员职业生涯的成长轨迹与影响因素开展定量研究,以科研人员获得博士学位的时间为基点,采用事件史分析方法分析科研人员职业生涯中的若干重要节点和事件,包括职称晋升、第一次重要学术产出、第一次获得荣誉奖励以及第一次担任行政或学术职务等关键事件。在此基础上,进一步分析个人家庭因素（性别、孩子状况和配偶文化）、教育背景因素（毕业院校、导师身份和博士后经历）以及社会环境因素（工作单位、流动状况和学科领域）等对科研人员职业生涯成长的影响状况。结果发现,科研人员职业生涯成长过程中的“累积效应”依然明显,如毕业院校、博士后经历等教育背景都会对科研人员职业生涯的成长产生正向影响;师承效应在科研人员职业生涯发展中发挥重要作用;流动经历增加了科研人员进入到职业生涯中的关键事件比例等。基于研究结果,文章最后提出如何更好的促进科研人员成长的政策建议。 相似文献
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资源安全机理及其经济解释 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
资源安全是指一个国家或地区无论是当代还是后几代人都可以稳定、及时和经济地获取自然资源，同时又使人类发展赖以生存的自然资源基础和生态环境处于良好或不遭受毁灭的状态。资源安全研究是一项多学科相互交叉的资源科学研究新领域。文中扼要地论述了国内外资源安全研究的特征及热点问题。 相似文献
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资源安全机理及其经济学解释 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
资源安全是指一个国家或地区无论是当代还是后几代人都可以稳定、及时和经济地获取自然资源 ,同时又使人类发展赖以依存的自然资源基础和生态环境处于良好或不遭受毁灭性破坏的状态。资源安全研究是一项多学科相互交叉的资源科学研究新领域。文中扼要地论述了国内外资源安全研究的特征及热点问题 ;同时参照国内外可持续发展研究理论和方法 ,提出了资源安全机理的PSR概念模型 ;还以石油供求安全调控过程为例 ,阐释了资源安全的经济学含义 ;最终归纳提出了资源安全研究领域尚须进一步探讨的若干重点问题。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(1):104369
Research about the Covid-19 pandemic has taken center stage in shaping the work of many scholars, inter alia highlighting the importance of research in addressing the grand challenges humanity faces. However, the pandemic has also ushered in increased administrative, teaching and out of work commitments for many researchers, leading to concerns that academics will become less willing to invest time in obtaining resources to undertake non-Covid-related projects. Using a large-scale survey of business, economics and management researchers, coupled with their publication histories and additional institutional data, we examine how far individuals experienced the focus on the pandemic as ‘crowding out’ interest in, and undermining their confidence in applying for grants for work not focused on the pandemic. We found 40% of the sample agree that the pandemic has impaired their confidence in applying for non-pandemic-related grants and ‘crowded out’ other projects. Researchers with current and prior grants, particularly those with the most experience of holding grants, scholars whose work ‘impacted’ beyond academia, and early career researchers, disproportionately considered themselves to be most affected. We also found that researchers’ perceptions differed based on institutional characteristics. We discuss the implications of these findings for grant providers and national research agencies as well as for individual academic researchers and the institutions in which they work. 相似文献
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Rafael B. Pereira Alexandre Plastino Bianca Zadrozny Luiz H.C. Merschmann 《Information processing & management》2018,54(3):359-369
In many important application domains, such as text categorization, scene classification, biomolecular analysis and medical diagnosis, examples are naturally associated with more than one class label, giving rise to multi-label classification problems. This fact has led, in recent years, to a substantial amount of research in multi-label classification. In order to evaluate and compare multi-label classifiers, researchers have adapted evaluation measures from the single-label paradigm, like Precision and Recall; and also have developed many different measures specifically for the multi-label paradigm, like Hamming Loss and Subset Accuracy. However, these evaluation measures have been used arbitrarily in multi-label classification experiments, without an objective analysis of correlation or bias. This can lead to misleading conclusions, as the experimental results may appear to favor a specific behavior depending on the subset of measures chosen. Also, as different papers in the area currently employ distinct subsets of measures, it is difficult to compare results across papers. In this work, we provide a thorough analysis of multi-label evaluation measures, and we give concrete suggestions for researchers to make an informed decision when choosing evaluation measures for multi-label classification. 相似文献
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P. Craig Boardman 《Research Policy》2009,38(10):1505-1516
This paper uses data from a national survey of academic researchers in the US to detect how different types of university research centers affect individual-level university–industry interactions. The results suggest that while affiliation with an industry-related center correlates positively with the likelihood of an academic researcher having had any research-related interactions with private companies, affiliation with centers sponsored by government centers programs correlates positively with the level of industry involvement, no matter whether these centers additionally have ties to private companies. The analysis takes the “scientific and technical human capital” approach, which draws from theories of social capital and human capital and proves useful for framing the institutional and resource-based perspectives that characterize much of the literature on university–industry interactions. The scientific and technical human capital approach is taken because its emphasis on the research capacities of individual academic researchers provides a more direct explanation of government centrality to academic researchers’ industry involvement than provide either the resource-based or institutional views. Implications for policy and management as well as for future applications of the scientific and technical human capital approach are discussed. 相似文献