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1.
中国资源安全战略 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：15
随着中国石油供应对外依赖程度的增大，石油供应的安全问题越来越突出。发达国家在经历了石油危机的打击后，建立了较为有效的风险防范体系，有效地方翻了石油供应中断和价格的剧烈波动。作为世界人口最多的国家和世界主要石油消费大国之一，石油安全问题成为我国21世纪经济社会可持续发展面临的重要问题之一。为此，文中提出7个方面的战略对策：（1）尽快建立国家资源储备机构，完善中国的资源储备体系。（2）积极开展资源外交，为中国利用国外资源创造良好的环境，为保障国家的资源安全服务。（3）与周边国家建立长期稳定的资源贸易伙伴关系。（4）积极扶持中国大型资源扩国公司的发展，为中国的全球资源战略服务。（5）建立多渠道的资源供应体系，减少资源进口来源单一化带来的风险。（6）建立资源节约型的经济结构，减少对石油资源的依赖，同时寻找新的替代石油的能源。（7）积极参与和共同组织区域性能源安全合作组织。 相似文献
2.
世界主要大国的资源安全战略 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
石油是重要的战略物资和“政治”商品 ,在世界经济和国际关系中具有特殊重要的意义。第一次石油危机对西方国家经济打击巨大 ,使得发达国家采取了一系列重要措施保证资源 (特别是石油 )的安全供应。该文在分析主要大国资源安全战略的基础上 ,总结了发达国家保障资源安全供应的几个共同措施 ,这就是 :①建立战略性资源储备体系 ;②建立区域性合作组织 ,共同抗击资源供应中的风险 ;③增加资源进口渠道 ,避免对某一地区资源的过分依赖 ;④调整经济结构 ,减少资源消费 ;⑤用市场机制化解价格风险 相似文献
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石油是重要的战略能源,建立充足的石油储备是保障国家政治、经济和国防安全的重大需求。我国石油对外依存度已连续3年超过70%,并且石油储备量也极低。地下盐穴是国际公认的石油大规模储备的优良场所,欧美发达国家在20世纪已建成多个盐穴储油库群,建设盐穴储油有望成为破解我国石油危机的有效途径。文章调研了国外盐穴储油现状,揭示了我国战略石油储备存在的问题,分析了我国盐穴储油的技术、资源和交通等优势条件,提出了我国建设盐穴型战略石油储备的建议。研究表明,我国石油输运管道发达、盐穴储油技术储备充足、工程经验丰富,且建库所需的盐矿地质资源充足,可以在短期内建成大规模盐穴型战略石油储备库。 相似文献
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石油作为一种战略性矿产资源是保障国家安全、经济发展和实现可持续发展的重要基础之一,伴随我国社会主义市场经济的不断发展和深入,势必造成对石油的需求大大增加。而目前,由于国内石油资源储备和开发不足造成了对国外进口石油的依存度不断加大,国际石油市场价格风险增加,环境国际化带来的压力等众多因素,都要求我国应当加速建立国家石油战略储备制度体系,以期解决我国日益严重的石油安全问题。本文着重对于我国的石油战略储备制度的相关问题进行探讨并提出建议和对策。 相似文献
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中亚地区是"丝绸之路经济带"建设的战略枢纽地段、世界战略能源富集区和超级大国争夺及政治博弈的重点地区之一,也是我国战略能源优先保障的最近基地。中亚战略能源(石油、天然气和天然铀)开发利用表现为储量大、产量小、出口量大、自消量小的"两大两小"特点,这些能源的合作开发利用对中国的保障程度有大有小。研究表明,预计到2030年中国石油、天然气、天然铀的对外依存度将分别高达80%、55%和70%,而同期中亚地区石油、天然气和天然铀出口对中国的保障程度分别为7.9%、40.7%和65%左右。受中亚地区政治、经济、政策、法律、社会文化等因素综合影响,中国与中亚地区合作开发利用战略能源面临的法律、经济、社会、政治、基础设施风险不可低估。其中,法律风险属于高风险,经济风险属于较高风险,社会风险和政治风险属于一般风险。中国与中亚合作开发战略能源一定要时刻防范风险,从化解风险、增进合作、互利共赢的角度,明确政府角色,保证政策沟通,建立副总理级战略能源开发协调委员会;发挥地缘区位优势,设立中国-中亚能源自由贸易区;完善基础设施,实现互联互通,加强中亚能源开发战略运输通道建设;建立能源战略储备制度,建立国家战略能源联合储备体系;加强人文合作,促进民心相通,降低战略能源合作风险。 相似文献
7.
中国能源安全问题探讨 总被引：64，自引：2，他引：64
作为世界上最大的能源消费与生产国之一，中国能源安全问题是国家持续发展所无法回避的重要课题和基本任务。鉴于迅速变化的消费结构、有限的资源和生态环境基础，21世纪中国能源安全的基本任务是：在不断扩大资源国际化的基础上，实现资源进口来源和方式的多样化以及及早建立国家石油战略储备体系。 相似文献
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我国战略石油储备基地布局探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
自1993年我国成为石油净进口国以来,石油供需缺口逐年加大,不断增加石油进口将是大势所趋。目前我国的石油储备能力远远不能适应石油企业和国家应付某些突发事件的需要。通过分析我国战略石油储备现状,借鉴国际石油储备基地布局经验,科学地选择我国战略石油储备布局,逐步建立和完善符合我国国情的石油储备体系。 相似文献
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中国能源安全和资源国际化 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
作为世界上最大的能源消费与生产国家之一 ,中国能源安全问题是国家持续发展所无法回避的重要课题和基本任务。鉴于迅速变化的消费结构、有限的资源和生态环境基础 ,2 1世纪中国能源安全的基本任务是 :在不断扩大资源国际化的基础上 ,实现资源进口来源和方式的多样化及及早建立国家石油战略储备体系。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
16.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
18.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献