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1.
《论衡》继承先秦以来关于“气”的学说,从宇宙生成论的角度提出天地合气而生万物的观点,由此推论得出“文”生于“气”的思想理论。在此基础之上,他指出世间万物(包括人)存在着多样性,并探讨了人物个陛差异产生的原因,是为“禀气”说。“禀气”说把文学创作与人所禀之“气”联系起来,同时说明由于创作者禀气的不同而产生了不同的文学样式。此外,《论衡》还把“气”与文人的创作力、创作主体的才能联系在了一起,提出“气力”、“才力”等范畴,并对“才力”与文学的关系作了论述。  相似文献   

2.
王充论"命"     
王充在继承前人哲学思想的基础上,用元气、星象、骨相这些物质的东西来解释“命”,主张偶然的禀气决定了必然性的“命”;而从另一角度,他又认为偶然发生的任何变故,又都是必然性的“命”决定的,最终陷入了机械的宿命论。  相似文献   

3.
朱子伦理思想的纲领可用“明天理,灭人欲”一句话概括。这是他的突出贡献。这个贡献至少是在四个层面上展开的:朱子从他的理一元论的宇宙观出发,确立了他的天理至上的道德观;发挥二程的“理一分殊”说,完整地解释了社会伦理现实;对人性的具体解释为“只缘气质之禀各有清浊”,因而人性“有善有不善”;提出了变化气质,复明天理的修养论,殷殷教人在修养上用心用力。  相似文献   

4.
明代哲学家薛碹以“物镜之喻”阐述心与理的关系,对心和理作了区分,被黄宗羲评论为“犹二之也”。但他实际上最终却是要达到心理合一的境界,实现超越的本体境界。他指出了心理不能合一的原因是气禀、人欲使心昏而理不能明,并提出了依靠“敬”的道德修养方法来实现心理合一。他更多地是从本体论的意义上强调心理合一。  相似文献   

5.
我以为,一堂好课的境界还是在“善教”、“善导”上。顾黄初先生在不同的场合多次强调,一名语文老师,其课堂教学艺术的出发点就是“教”与“导”。只有进人了“善教”、“善导”的境界。才能真正让课堂变成学习祖国语言文字的场所。而他所称道的“善教”、“善导”。正是叶圣陶先生教育思想最核心的部分。  相似文献   

6.
一、文气说 “文气说’”是中国古代文论中的一个重要范畴,早在先秦时期,孟子就提出了“养气说”,他在《孟子·公孙丑上》中说:“吾善养吾浩然之气”。何谓浩然之气?他解释道:“其为气也,至大至刚,以直养而无害,则塞于天地之间”(同上)孟子提倡养气主要是强调作家要注意自己的道德修养,要以“义”养气。《淮南子》中对气的认识则进一步发展,认为气可以提高人的审美能力。“今人之所以眭然能视,营然能听,形体能抗,而百节可屈伸,察然能分黑白,视美丑,而知能别同异,明是非者,何也?气为之充,而神为之使也《淮南子·原道训》,这里认为人之所以能“视美丑”、“明是非”是因为有气充实于其中,气使人具有了审美的感觉。真正把气引入文学理论则始于曹丕。他提出“文以气为主,气之清浊有体,不可力强而致。譬诸音乐,曲度虽均,节奏同检,至于引气不齐,巧拙有素,虽在父兄,不能以移子弟。”他把“气”视做文学作品的灵魂,并从创作主体所具有的独特的“气”来考察文学气有阴阳,则有清浊,因而文学作品之“气”也有刚柔。文学作品之“气”的产生依据于作家本性,是不能强制使其改变的,曹丕在这里讲的“气”主要指作家的气质,而这种气质是自然禀赋的,它决定着作家的创作风格。后来,刘勰和钟嵘继承了这种理论,进一步充实  相似文献   

7.
“有教无类”是孔子教育思想和教育实践的重要组成部分,是使他成为我国古代伟大教育家的重要因素之一。对“有教无类”的理解和评价,历来都有争议。本文拟就“有教无类”的本义、理论基础、历史作用和局限性等方面作一探讨与辩析,以就教于广大教育工作者。一、“有教无类”的本义“有教无类”这句话出自《论语》,原文是:“子曰:‘有教无类’”(《卫灵公》),“自行束脩以上,吾未尝无诲焉”(《述而》)。古往今来对这句话的不同解释和争论,分歧集中在对“教”的对象——“类”的理解和对它的历史作用的评价上。宋代朱熹在他著的《论语集注》中解释说:“人性皆善,而其类有善恶之殊者,气习之染也。故君子有教,则人皆可以复于善,而不当复论其类之恶也。”朱熹认为,人性本来都是善的,只是由于不同的“气习”薰染,才有性善、性恶之分。如有君子教训,则性恶者也。可以恢复性善。故不论其善类恶类均应予以教育。南北朝的皇侃在《论语集解义疏》中,把“有教无类”疏解为:“人乃有贵贱,宜同资教,不可以其种类庶鄙而不教之也。教之则善,本无类也。”皇侃认为,孔子此语本义是教育对象不分“贵贱”,不论“庶鄙”。有些同志看问题不够全面,在《中国古代教育史》中写道:“孔丘开设‘私学’,………  相似文献   

8.
现在人们普遍认为“美”的本意是“羊大为美”,而“羊大为美”又是因为“羊大”吃起来味道美。但这个观点有几个可疑之点:一是许慎并未过甲骨文,二是日常常识告诉我们“羊大”未必好吃,三是“美”、“善”、“义”字等都与“羊”有关,善、义、美同意,从这些疑点出发,本文认为“羊大为美”的关键是要解决为什么羊“大”就美,进而认为“羊大为美”乃是因为羊在古代作为等价交换物,羊越大换得的东西越多,换得的东西越多,人们心理也就越有一种美滋滋的感觉,自然也就认为羊越大越美。  相似文献   

9.
吕坤是明代著名理学家。在心性论上主张“万理具于心”,认为人的“义理之性”纯善无恶,而“气质之性”有善有恶。“义理之性”的“善性”是人的本质,而“气质之性”的“恶”则是后天“异化”的产物。在理欲论上肯定合理的“人欲”,反对“灭人心而去之”,并把“理欲之辩”归结为“公私之辩”。在“定静”说中提出了治心、省察、慎独、寡欲、居敬的修养方法。他还对男尊女卑的陈旧伦理恩赧讲行了深入的批判.歌颂妇女的智慧、勇敢和对直垫势情的大胆追求.  相似文献   

10.
清代巴蜀著名诗人、学者李调元有论述诗词赋戏曲的理论著作四十卷。从人类发展的角度,他认为诗歌是"天地自然之乐",人情应当同于天籁;从哲学的角度,他认为万物源于气,人也"禀气成形",进而认为"忧悲喜怒,人之气也"。为此,他鲜明地提出"诗道性情"的观点,进而提出诗歌当抒发真情,所谓"语语从肺腑中流出"。这种诗歌本质论较前人有重大突破。  相似文献   

11.
The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.  相似文献   

12.
风的曲线     
Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.  相似文献   

13.
汉字倒说     
汉字的六书,《说文》对“转注”一类,语焉不详。后世学者提及转注,也仅限于许慎所举出的例字。《汉字例说》一文,作者从转注的角度综合考虑,对部分现代常用字作了分析,跟传统的解释有所不同。希望能抛砖引玉,互相切磋,以推进学术研究。  相似文献   

14.
Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.  相似文献   

15.
《海外英语》2007,(5):44-45
It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,  相似文献   

16.
一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/  相似文献   

17.
《海外英语》2007,(5):10-11
Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?  相似文献   

18.
Different nations have different social cultures, and the social culture of every nation is developing with the development of the nation, language is greatly influenced by social culture, which enables language to possess national and historical characteristics. Word is the smallest, independent, meaningful linguistic unit of language. It can well reflect the national and historical characteristics. From synchronic aspect, the social and cultural influence on word meaning is mainly embodied in conceptual and associative meanings of word. The incorrespondence of word meaning is a phenomenon that exists in both conceptual and associative meanings of word among different languages. From diachronic aspect, the development of social culture causes some changes of word meaning to some extent. Therefore, social culture plays a key role in vocabulary learning and mastery of a language.  相似文献   

19.
钱生钱!     
我们绝大部分人都同意一件事情——我们喜欢金钱。但是你对金钱的喜欢之情足够到让你创立一份事业么?.财富通常被人忽视,主要在于人们不能真正了  相似文献   

20.
The problem on the geometrc inequalities involving an n-dimensional simplex and its inscribed simplex is studied. Aninequality is established, which reveals that the difference between the squared circumradius of the n-dimensional simplex andthe squared distance between its circumcenter and barycenter times the squared circumradius of its inscribed simplex is not lessthan the 2(n-1)th power of n times its squared inradius, and is equal to when the simplex is regular and its inscribed siplex is atangent point one. Deduction from this inequality reaches a generalization of n-dimensional Euler inequality indicating that thecircumradius of the simplex is not less than the n-fold inradius. Another inequality is derived to present the relationship betweenthe circumradius of the n-dimensional simplex and the circumradius and inradius of its pedal simplex.  相似文献   

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