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在教育经济学研究领域,传统的教育选择研究文献往往假定个体只考虑教育收益,忽视了投资风险的真实存在。已有文献对教育选择行为的预期假定存在较大差异,强加在个体身上的假定可能导致对教育选择行为的不正确推论,而使用个体主观预期数据替代这些假定能更准确地分析个体教育决策行为。采用2007年在北京六所高校所做的"研究生教育态度的调查",利用预期收入、风险数据对北京高校大学生的研究生教育选择问题进行的实证研究发现,预期收入对选择研究生教育有显著影响,而风险对教育选择的影响却不尽相同:收入风险对于教育选择的影响不明显,主观风险对选择研究生教育则有负效应。此外,还发现就业率是大学生决定是否进一步接受教育的重要因素,所学专业就业率越高,选择继续接受研究生教育的愿望越小。上述研究结果暗示,政府相关部门应定期公布劳动力市场数据,便于大学毕业生对收入和就业状况形成合理预期,从而对未来的教育作出理性选择,有效发挥人力资本的作用。 相似文献
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韩梅 《阜阳师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2011,(2):100-103
收入预期是影响居民消费的重要因素。近年来安徽省居民收入差距呈现不断扩大的趋势,不同年龄群体因处于生命周期的不同阶段,对未来的收入预期是不一样的,这样就造成了不同年龄阶段居民消费行为的差异性。安徽省要扩大内需消费,必须分析不同年龄群体的收入预期和消费行为,相应提高其收入水平、理顺分配机制,健全社会保障体系;发展消费信贷,释放中青年人口的购买力;还要积极开发老年人市场。 相似文献
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韩梅 《安徽广播电视大学学报》2014,(3):35-38
改革开放以来,随着我国农村居民收入水平的不断提高,消费水平也在一定程度上随之上升。但由于农村居民收入预期具有不确定性,使得农村居民出现谨慎性消费。因此,研究农村居民收入不确定性对于开拓农村消费市场,拉动农村居民消费具有重要意义。通过分析我国农村居民消费现状,研究农村居民收入预期不确定的变化机理,最后针对造成农村居民收入不确定性的因素,提出拉动其消费需求的建议。 相似文献
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两年制硕士研究生教育的理论思考与实证研究——以浙江大学的调查分析为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
两年制硕士研究生教育在理论上具有合理性，硕士生培养目标的改变是决定学制缩短的根本原因。浙江大学的实证研究表明，学生对两年制学制普遍感到时间紧凑，体现层次性，有利于激发学习的潜力，但同时也反映出学生学习信心不足，教学改革滞后，对学生应用能力培养的缺失等问题。在学制改革过程中，学生对学制缩短的预期意向十分强烈，性别与文理科因素均存在明显的差异性。 相似文献
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以往研究表明大学期间的学习性和社会性投入与毕业生早期在劳动力市场的表现密切相关,它们是影响求职和就业结果的关键大学行为。为了解这些关键大学行为的决定因素,本文尝试利用"首都高等教育质量与学生发展"项目的本科生追踪调查数据来估计主观收入预期对大学生第一、第二和第三学年的学习性和社会性投入的影响。研究发现,收入预期不仅会提高大学生的学习时间投入,也会显著促进社会性投入,且对学习投入的作用更大。从影响机制来看,收入预期既可以直接调整关键大学行为,又可以作为个人能力对大学投入作用的中介变量来间接影响在校学生的投入水平。 相似文献
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20世纪90年代教师工资问题研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
陈赟 《清华大学教育研究》2003,24(1):92-96
教师工资是教师为国家进行劳动，提供教育服务，国家从社会再分配中支付给的报酬。教师工资水平受国家的政治制度、经济发展水平、教育政策等因素的影响。分析20世纪90年代教师工资发现：(1)教师绝对工资显著增加；(2)教师相对工资没有多大变化；(3)出现了大面积拖欠教师工资的现象。可以解决教师工资问题，一要领导重视，二要建立合理的教师工资拨款体制，三要建立教师劳动力供求市场。 相似文献
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Over the last decade many districts implemented performance pay incentives to reward teachers for improving student achievement. Economic theory suggests that these programs could alter teacher work effort, cooperation, and retention. Because teachers can choose to work in a performance pay district that has characteristics correlated with teacher behavior, I use the distance between a teacher's undergraduate institution and the nearest performance pay district as an instrumental variable. Using data from the 2003 and 2007 waves of the Schools and Staffing Survey, I find that teachers respond to performance pay incentives by working fewer hours per week. Performance pay also decreases participation in unpaid cooperative school activities, while there is suggestive evidence that teacher turnover decreases. The treatment effects are heterogeneous; male teachers respond more positively than female teachers. In Florida, which restricts state performance pay funding to individual teachers, I find that work effort and teacher turnover increase. 相似文献
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A parity-equity model was developed for estimating the influences of a comprehensive list of factors classified as rational or nonrational equity and parity (marketplace). In a multiple regression analysis of faculty salaries for two years, the parity-equity model accounted for 86% of salary variance: over 60% by professional rank; approximately 16% by other rational equity factors; 3% by college and departmental parity; 3% by college and department affiliation; and 1% by nonrational equity factors. This model is recommended for studying, year-to-year changes in salary policies and for checking the importance of each factor in salary increase deliberations. 相似文献
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Affirmative action and other efforts to combat sex discrimination in higher education have focused on rank and salary differences within institutions. Academic women, however, tend to receive relatively low pay in part because they are concentrated in the lower-paying institutions. Since multivariate controls of factors such as institutional type, control, size, selectivity, and curricular emphases do not eliminate this negative relationship, the hypothesis of a direct link between institutional pay scales and faculty sex ratios is strengthened. These results suggest that eliminating sex bias in faculty pay within individual institutions will not achieve salary parity for academic women until higher-paying institutions recruit more women faculty, or until institutions with higher proportions of women faculty upgrade their pay scales. 相似文献
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This article examined the specific differences in the salary reward structures of eight clusters of academic disciplines included in Biglan's three-dimensional model of the academic profession. The sample consisted of 1.320 faculty at a large research university who responded to the Faculty Activity Analysis questionnaire requesting information on the amount of time they devoted each week to eleven categories of professional responsibility. These measures were used to predict faculty salaries in the eight discipline clusters. The results demonstrated wide variation in the reward structures of these discipline clusters. 相似文献
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By using unique survey data, we conduct a detailed study of the gender salary gap within economics departments in Japan. Despite the presence of rigid pay scales emphasizing age and experience, there is a 7% gender salary gap after controlling for rank and detailed personal, job, institutional and human capital characteristics. This gender salary gap exists within ranks. We find no gender promotion differences. In addition, we find a concentration of the salary gap in public universities and in research oriented universities. Our results show no evidence that the gender salary gap is reducing over time, and reject the hypothesis that females’ choice between household work and market activities is responsible for the gender salary gap. 相似文献
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This paper uses the 1998 reform in the funding of fundamental education in Brazil (FUNDEF) to identify the effect of teachers’ wages on the proficiency of public school pupils. Wages are set by legislation at the local level and this reform established a floor on the share of expenditures on teacher wages out of total revenues in each Brazilian State and Municipality. The evidence using micro-data suggests that increases in relative wages within the public system brought about by the reform had a positive impact on the students’ proficiency. 相似文献
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Becoming an effective literacy learner requires a bit of slowing down and appreciating the reflective nature of reading and writing. Literature circles support this instructional direction because they provide opportunities for immersing students in discussions that encourage their personal responses. When students feel their personal responses are nurtured and respected, they develop confidence to grow beyond status-quo thinking and to engage in critical perspectives on meaning making. These reflective practices from personal to critical are important ingredients for effective literacy learning. 相似文献
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贺彦芳 《江苏经贸职业技术学院学报》2009,(1)
教师工资是教师社会地位的重要反映,是国家对教育重视程度的重要表现。教师工资水平受国家教育政策等因素的影响。对改革开放以来我国教师工资政策进行分析,在此基础上提出推行教师队伍管理的公务员化制度,分类制定教师工资标准制度以及建立教师工资发放的执法保障机制等,对改善教师经济待遇,提高教师社会地位具有非常重要的作用。 相似文献
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唐秀云 《宁波职业技术学院学报》2011,(6):70-73
对于工薪阶层而言,工资、薪金个人所得税是一个较大的纳税开支项目,职工普遍觉得税负较高、隐性负担增大,税收支出也随着收入的不断提高而不断增长,针对我国工资、薪金个人所得税纳税所面临的主要问题,应尽量避免取得应税所得,收入尽可能均衡发放,避开高税率降低税负等工资、薪金个人所得税的纳税筹划方法。 相似文献