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Kazimierz Poznański 《Research Policy》1980,9(3):232-253
This paper presents the results of research covering 86 innovations from seven Polish industries. The sample of innovations includes traditional and modern branches - clothing, leather and automotive industry; intermediate products - synthetic fibres and dyestuffs; capital goods - textile machinery; and final consumption goods - furniture and electrical equipment. The purpose of the research was to identify the stimuli and restraints on innovation, especially from the economics and financial system of enterprises in which the innovations were implemented.The research findings show that process innovations are more frequent than product innovations and that Polish enterprises innovate more often because of a need to overcome supply shortages than to meet demand needs. There is evidence of the dominance of in-house developments based on wide utilisation of foreign technological knowledge, both from socialist and from capitalist countries. The important pressure to innovate comes in current economic conditions from research establishments and the above enterprise level (associations and industrial ministries). This study also showas the important role of the non-financial motivations of individuals to engage in innovations,and the existence of some weak points in financial incentives to promote innovations. The Last fact partly explains, The former findings. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the relevant factors behind the almost unexplored realm of environmental innovation in services, using a dataset of 8161 Italian service firms. Specifically, we test whether manufacturing-services integration matters for environmental innovations. In addition, taking account for the heterogeneity of the service industries, we analyse whether environmental policies for manufacturing transmit ‘induced innovation’ effects to services. Our findings show that: (i) the drivers of environmental innovations related to carbon abatement and energy efficiency differ across industries, and (ii) cooperation, training, environmental management systems and public funding play key roles in these processes. The integration of services and manufacturing through push and pull-effects, and the environmental policy transmission effect from manufacturing to services, generally do not seem to have a positive impact on the diffusion of environmental innovations. 相似文献
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本文以2004-2012年30个省级行政区的相关数据为样本,借鉴技术溢出经典模型并考虑技术创新的时滞效应基础上,验证了高技术产业的技术创新活动对服务企业的影响。实证结果显示,高技术产业的专利存量对服务企业的溢出效应最为显著,且存在2年的时滞;高技术产业对服务业的研发经费间接投入也有显著的正向影响,时滞周期为3年;但高技术产业的新产品则对服务业发展的影响较弱或不显著。研究表明,高技术产业对服务业有着显著的技术溢出,能够通过有效改善高技术服务业的生产效率和技术水平,推动服务业实现创新驱动发展。 相似文献
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Innovation researchers have begun to look beyond how users develop tangible objects or product innovations and moved to investigate the existence and impact of intangible user-developed innovations in techniques and services in the household sector . In this paper, to incorporate technique and service innovations and other varieties of intangible innovations not yet described in the literature into an efficient and encompassing typology, we propose the new concept of intangible Behavioral Innovation as an overarching category that stands in contrast to tangible product innovation. Behavioral innovation is defined as consisting of one or a connected sequence of intangible problem-solving activities that provide a functionally novel benefit to its user developer relative to previous practice. We demonstrate in a pilot study using a relatively novel big data-gathering and semantic analysis approach that behavioral innovation exists and can be identified in user-generated content posted openly online in peer-to-peer discussion forums relating to household sector activities such as parenting. The preponderance (N = 138) of the 168 user innovations captured in our samples of discussion comments were intangible behavioral innovations, most of which were developed by women. The majority of behavioral innovations identified were diffused by their user developers in response to specific requests for help or advice from peers in their online community. Thus, incorporating the new concept of intangible behavioral innovation into studies of user innovation's scope and significance in the household sector can serve to clarify which users innovate in our communities of interest, what and how they innovate, why they are triggered to diffuse their innovations peer-to-peer, and how their innovative activities might impact social welfare. 相似文献
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绿色技术创新可划分为末端治理技术创新、绿色工艺创新和绿色产品创新,在改进环境绩效和市场竞争力的同时,也能够提高企业的经济绩效。本文构建了绿色技术创新升级和经济绩效改善的关系模型,以642家工业企业为样本进行实证分析。研究结果表明：①企业3类绿色技术创新均能够显著改善其环境绩效和市场竞争力。②企业环境绩效和市场竞争力是经济绩效传导过程中的重要中介变量。③企业末端治理技术创新能够促进绿色工艺创新和绿色产品创新,企业绿色工艺创新能够正向影响企业的绿色产品创新,即不同类型绿色技术创新之间存在技术创新升级的空间。④不同类型绿色技术创新向经济绩效传导的路径存在一定的差异性,表现为绿色工艺创新能够直接产生经济绩效,而末端治理技术创新、绿色产品创新只能通过间接路径提高企业的经济绩效。通过上述研究识别了企业3种不同类型绿色技术创新之间的传导关系,对比分析了不同类型绿色技术创新经济绩效提升的异同性,给出了更多的企业绿色技术创新经济绩效提升的路径,对于深化绿色技术创新过程认识及优化政策设计具有重要意义。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(8):104828
With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), professional services firms (PSFs) need to innovate their services to adapt to AI. However, traditional ad hoc innovations driven by individual professionals have limitations in incorporating new technology outside their expertise. Although service R&D—an organizational function for centralized coordination of service innovations in strategically targeted areas—is potentially effective, studies on service R&D have still been scarce. This case study aims to fill the gap by examining how PSFs can establish and utilize service R&D to innovate services, overcoming the challenges of AI adoption. An in-depth qualitative study was conducted on the process by which the Big Four audit firms incorporated AI into their external audit service in Japan in the 2010s. The analysis shows the detailed process of how newly created service R&D organizations advanced AI adoption in the case firms. This study contributes to the literature on innovations in services and PSFs by (1) demonstrating the neglected but critical role of service R&D as an innovation enabler beyond the existing expertise of service firms, (2) constructing a three-phase model of the evolution of the service R&D function, and (3) suggesting the significance of innovation process design for the legitimation of innovations. This study also expands our knowledge of AI adoption, presenting a process tailored to address the challenges inherent in AI adoption for PSFs. 相似文献
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消费品“小产品、大集成”，是反映国家创新能力、制造能力和国际竞争力的有形载体，是满足人民美好生活需要的直接体现。我国消费品工业市场化起步早，长期以来发挥着拉动国内循环、推动国际循环的主力军作用。消费品标准化与产业实践相互协调、相互适应，走过从无到有、从有到快、从快到好的3个历史阶段，有效规范、促进和引领了产业发展。当前，欧美等主要发达国家消费品标准化发展呈现“更安全、更透明、更环保、更健康”的变化。同时，我国消费品工业进入增速放缓、内需疲软、出口形势严峻复杂的新常态，市场发展和产业实践对消费品标准化提出“创新、健康、生态、文化、服务”等5个方面的新要求。文章在总结消费品标准化事业的历史经验、借鉴国外做法的基础上，深入分析新发展阶段消费品市场表现与产业实践需要，提出新时期消费品标准化领域的“七个转型”，以期为深入贯彻落实《国家标准化发展纲要》，构建与新发展格局战略任务相适应的消费品标准化政策体系，提供借鉴和决策参考。 相似文献
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互联网+引领着创新2.0的新时代,深刻地改变着图书馆的服务理念与服务方式,也标志着图书馆进入到了关键转型期。文章深刻剖析了互联网+改变图书馆创新服务的典型特征,阐述了互联网+带给图书馆创新服务的源泉与动力。大数据和用户参与是互联网+对图书馆创新服务的核心要素。探讨了互联网+使互联网技术推动图书馆创新服务,多类型图书馆的协同合作是图书馆服务创新的有力支撑,供应商也驱动着图书馆的创新服务。互联网+势必对图书馆的创新服务起到积极的推动作用,互联网+促使图书馆创新服务的技术使用与人文关怀的融合,平等自由享受与个性化需求满足的和谐,平衡用户数据开放与数据安全的矛盾。互联网+势必会对图书馆的创新服务发展起到积极的推动作用。 相似文献
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众多研究将服务化视为制造企业获取竞争优势的重要途径。然而,伴随着对商业模式过度创新的质疑和对硬科技的持续关注,服务化究竟能否促进产品创新并最终塑造长期竞争优势亟待研究。因此,本研究分析了服务化对制造企业产品创新的影响及环境不确定性的调节作用。基于中国239家制造企业的样本数据,研究表明：1）服务化与产品创新度之间呈U型关系;2）技术动态性和市场不确定性负向调节服务化与产品创新度之间的关系。研究结果有助于制造企业全面认识服务化作用,明确服务化对产品创新的积极作用和不利影响,根据不同的环境条件有效推进服务化实践。 相似文献
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This paper examines the extent to which users in developing countries innovate, the factors that enable these innovations and whether they are meaningful on a global stage. To study this issue, we conducted an empirical investigation into the origin and types of innovations in financial services offered via mobile phones, a global, multi-billion-dollar industry in which developing economies play an important role. We used the complete list of mobile financial services, as reported by the GSM Association, and collected detailed histories of the development of the services and their innovation process. Our analysis, the first of its kind, shows that 85% of the innovations in this field originated in developing countries. We also conclude that, at least 50% of all mobile financial services were pioneered by users, approximately 45% by producers, and the remaining were jointly developed by users and producers. The main factors contributing to these innovations to occur in developing countries are the high levels of need, the existence of flexible platforms, in combination with increased access to information and communication technology. Additionally, services developed by users diffused at more than double the rate of producer-innovations. Finally, we observe that three-quarters of the innovations that originated in non-OECD countries have already diffused to OECD countries, and that the (user) innovations are therefore globally meaningful. This study suggests that the traditional North-to-South diffusion framework fails to explain these new sources of innovation and may require re-examination. 相似文献
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On the basis of the analysis of the originators and the first users of more than 1600 significant innovations in Britain since the Second World War, it appears that the performance-maximising industries (where technological change is a critical feature of competitiveness and growth) are the main source of these innovations, the majority of which are used in other types of industry, and particularly in the cost-minimising industries, and in the salesmaximising (consumer goods) industries. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]科技管理数据服务需要准确定位并找准需求,分析并明确不同用户需求是提供有效服务的前提。[方法/过程]确定政府决策部门、企业创新主体和科研用户是科技管理数据服务的主要服务对象,阐释科技管理数据服务内涵并设计四层服务逻辑框架,结合不同服务主体情境下的服务需求,分别设计各用户的服务流程。[结果/结论]指出政府决策需求主要体现在动态监测、态势分析及前瞻预测需求,其服务重点在于政府、专家和公众共谋的集体决策模式;企业创新主体需求主要体现在技术创新支持、市场信息研判、政策解读预判及竞争对手分析需求,其服务要着重外部环境感知、技术追踪及创新决策支持的用户解决方案;科研用户需求主要表现为知识资源需求及服务体验创新需求,对其展开有效服务要注重情境敏感的一站式服务模式。 相似文献
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采用国际贸易标准SITC0-SITC9货物标准分类法和《国际服务贸易总协定》分类法,将出口结构分解为255个货物出口子类和11个服务出口子类.根据全球19个主要贸易国家1994~2014年的出口贸易数据,按照资本品、消费品、初级品、中间品、传统服务、信息化服务、金融保险服务以及其他服务的类别,研究出口贸易结构与经济增长规律关系发现:出口贸易结构变化与经济增长有密切的关联性,优化出口结构,作为供给管理的手段,有利于改善经济增长环境. 相似文献
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基于全球产业分工与贸易竞争的视角,在对制度环境、知识资本及其交互作用推动制造业出口复杂度提升进行理论分析基础上,选取全国制造业行业2001-2013年面板数据实证检验制度环境、知识资本及其交互项对中国制造业出口复杂度提升的影响程度。结果显示,除经济开放度对劳动与资本密集型产业出口复杂度提升作用不显著外,制度环境、知识资本显著影响制造业出口复杂度提升,制度环境能够正向调节知识资本对制造业出口复杂度的影响。为此,将制度环境、知识资本等融入供给侧结构性改革,对推动中国制造业出口复杂度提升具有重要政策意义。 相似文献
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云制造平台是以新一代信息技术为支撑,为企业提供网络化制造服务的重要载体.研究服务创新的机理与路径,是提高其服务能级和服务效率的基本前提.在梳理国内外相关研究成果的基础上,以云计算技术作为外生变量,以服务概念创新、服务流程创新、服务界面创新为内生变量,构建提升云制造平台服务创新绩效的结构方程模型;通过对我国各省区市云制造平台的问卷调查,采用最大似然估计法进行统计分析.研究结果表明:云制造平台服务创新存在两条创新路径,分别是“云计算一服务概念创新—服务绩效提升”和“云计算—服务界面创新—服务绩效提升”.该成果为云制造平台的运营与发展提供理论支撑和方法借鉴. 相似文献
18.
本文基于产业演化及创业合成相关理论,从新兴产业创业合成的宏观、中观、微观方面的影响因素切入,在文献分析的基础上运用德尔菲法确立了由宏观经济、市场规模、行政制度、科技金融、产业集聚、技术创新、人力资本、资金资本、资源整合9个维度共23个指标构成的新兴产业创业合成能力评价体系。基于网络层次分析法建立新兴产业创业合成能力评价模型,确定各指标权重,其中产业集聚区规模、协同创新、知识产权、市场成长性等二级评价指标权重较高。依据各指标的重要性为政府提升新兴产业创业合成能力及新兴产业内企业发展提出对策建议。 相似文献
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Mickael Benaim 《Research Policy》2018,47(5):901-910
Innovation studies has largely focused on technological assets, while leaving other sources and forms of innovation less tackled. Among this neglected corpus, this article stresses the important role played by symbolic value in the consumption and production processes of innovative goods and services. I explore especially Internet-memes that represent iconic productions of the Internet ‘lead culture’, which embed significant symbolic values. This article therefore, refers to the economic sociology and innovation management literature to emphasise the force of these creations of symbolic value by culture-lead communities, through their production of Internet-memes. I argue that Internet-memes represent a widespread source of innovation in various sectors (from cultural industries to less expect ones like finance). While exploratory, the present study extends the debate on the nature of innovation, its symbolic and cultural aspects and its diffusion processes. It ultimately suggests potential new paths for innovation policies to tackle these new forms of innovations. 相似文献
20.
处于后发劣势的本土制造企业,已经很难通过跟随和模仿创新实现赶超。快速变化的技术环境和丰富多样的市场需求,为本土制造企业提供了颠覆赶超的机会。但已有研究对颠覆性创新实现过程与机理的研究较为匮乏。通过对小米公司的探索性案例研究,构建了本土制造企业实现颠覆性创新的理论模型。模型表明：基于非主流的低端市场、利基市场的市场定位颠覆,差异化的服务设计颠覆以及运营模式颠覆是本土制造企业颠覆主流市场在位企业,实现成功赶超的有效模式。知识搜索（同行搜索和跨界搜索）是本土制造企业实施颠覆性创新的知识与信息来源,机会能力是本土制造企业通过知识搜索实现颠覆性创新的核心能力。 相似文献