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1.
合作创新的知识产权风险与防范研究 总被引：29，自引：5，他引：29
合作创新已成为越来越多的企业谋求持续竞争优势的重要选择之一。由于合作创新需要共享彼此的知识和资源,这将不可避免地带来企业自身知识与能力的流失与扩散,而知识本身的特性也在无形中促成了知识产权风险的形成,我国相对薄弱的知识产权保护环境也是知识产权风险产生的根源。企业在通过合作推动创新的过程中,必须正确认识这一战略形式本身具有的风险性,采取有效措施控制防范风险。 相似文献
2.
《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2000,11(1):137-153
Economists typically define innovation as a process or practice that is new to an industry; hence they emphasize a firm's speed of innovation relative to other firms in the industry. Organizational theorists, on the other hand, usually focus on the number of products or processes that are new to the firm; hence, they emphasize innovation magnitude. This study builds a bridge between these two approaches by exploring the link between two dimensions of innovation—speed and magnitude—and two measures of a firm's performance—objective financial reports and executive ratings of perceived effectiveness. We propose that each dimension of innovation will be associated with a different measure of firm performance. Using data from the commercial banking industry, we find interesting results that partially support our predictions based on the theory that different dimensions are indeed linked to different measures of performance. Implications for future research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
3.
The use of external knowledge for innovation (i.e., inbound or outside-in open innovation) has received substantial attention in the innovation literature. However, the “human side” of open innovation is still poorly understood. We consider the role of employee characteristics with respect to predicting firm-level openness. Drawing on the human capital, learning and creativity literatures, we theorize that knowledge diversity of the firm’s employees is positively associated with employees’ ability to identify and absorb external knowledge, which aggregates to increased firm-level openness—that is, firms’ use of external knowledge in their pursuit of innovation. Based on a combination of three data sources, namely, two survey data sources and register data, we find support for our hypothesis that employees’ educational diversity is positively associated with firm-level openness. However, we find no direct association between employees’ work history diversity and firm-level openness but rather—as also hypothesized—a conditional relationship based on educational background, which implies that diverse work history only has a positive impact at higher levels of educational diversity. To reduce endogeneity concerns, we undertake a series of robustness checks. 相似文献
4.
In this paper, we focus on the potential innovative benefits to corporate venture capital (CVC), i.e. equity investments in entrepreneurial ventures by incumbent firms. We propose that corporate venture capital programs may be instrumental in harvesting innovations from entrepreneurial ventures and thus an important part of a firm's overall innovation strategy. We hypothesize that these programs are especially effective in weak intellectual property (IP) regimes and when the firm has sufficient absorptive capacity. We analyze a large panel of public firms over a 20-year period and find that increases in corporate venture capital investments are associated with subsequent increases in firm patenting. 相似文献
5.
企业外部研发合作内部知识网络与创新绩效 《科学学研究》2022,40(4):704-712
外部研发合作有利于丰富企业的知识元素和组合范式进而影响其创新绩效,企业内部知识网络会影响其外部研发合作的效能。基于知识组合的视角探究不同类型企业外部研发合作,与大学/研究机构的合作（学研合作）以及与企业的合作（企业合作）,对企业创新绩效的差异化影响,并进一步揭示企业内部知识网络特征（知识组合能力和知识协调成本）对上述影响的调节作用。通过对2012年—2017年中国计算机通信及电子设备制造业和医药制造业323家上市公司的数据分析,发现学研合作对企业创新绩效的促进作用大于企业合作;企业知识组合能力会抑制学研合作对企业创新绩效的积极影响,促进企业合作对企业创新绩效的积极影响;企业知识协调成本会减弱企业合作与企业创新绩效的正向关系,对学研合作与企业创新绩效关系的影响不显著。 相似文献
6.
知识产权司法保护赋予专利权人以“牙齿”,其是否能够促进中国企业进行自主创新，直接关系到中国企业的创新战略转型。本文以2017年中国专利调查数据为依据，考察了专利诉讼对于企业自主创新战略的影响。实证分析表明，专利诉讼经历能够有效激励涉诉企业进行自主创新，这一结论在采用倾向得分匹配法和加粗精确匹配法，以及采用工具变量法和条件混合过程方法后仍然稳健。这表明知识产权司法保护有利于促进企业自主创新。异质性分析表明，知识产权司法保护对于企业自主创新的促进作用在小微企业、专利依赖型产业的企业以及内资企业中更为显著。 相似文献
7.
《Research Policy》2023,52(3):104701
Despite digital piracy's well-documented impact on firm revenue, the relationship between piracy and firm innovation, including the creation of new intellectual property (IP) rights, is not well-understood. To fill this gap, this paper estimates the impact of piracy on innovation through a quasi-experimental design and explores the mechanisms driving this relationship using data on software firms. Leveraging a 2001 technological shock that suddenly enabled rising software piracy, we find increases in subsequent R&D spending, copyrights, trademarks, and patents for large, incumbent software firms. Furthermore, firms with large patent portfolios appear to disproportionately increase copyrights and trademarks following the piracy shock. After considering alternatives, our analysis suggests that impacted firms perceive piracy as a form of product-market competition that causes them to increase innovation and balance their IP portfolios. 相似文献
8.
We investigate the relationship between a firm’s compensation structure and the extent to which its innovation is more exploration versus exploitation oriented. Specifically, we assess two aspects of a firm’s compensation design—horizontal dispersion within job levels and vertical tournament incentives between job levels. A six-year panel of compensation records of 671,028 employees working at 81 U.S.-based high technology firms between 1997 and 2002 are used to construct measures that characterize a firm's pay structure, which are linked to these firms’ patents filed in the U.S. We find that firms with higher-powered tournament incentives in vertical compensation structure report higher fraction of innovation directed towards exploration. Horizontal pay dispersion, on the other hand, shows a negative relationship with the exploration in firms where R&D employees’ age variance is low. In firms where R&D employees’ age variance is high, the negative relationship between horizontal pay dispersion and exploration is muted. 相似文献
9.
信号丢失视角下的企业专利战略研究 《科学学研究》2022,40(2):297-308
以往研究基于信号理论,强调专利信号对企业资源获取的积极影响,而未能解决企业如何应对专利流失的问题。本研究使用我国专利密集型产业的上市公司样本,探讨了企业专利数量的减少如何影响企业后续专利申请行为。通过构建2008-2017年中国专利密集型上市公司的面板数据,使用负二项回归进行分析,发现企业专利数量的减少会触发企业的积极响应,促使企业申请更多的专利来恢复专利的信号功能。同时,企业的响应力度会受到内外情境因素的影响,其中企业连锁董事网络的中心地位和政治联系具有消极的调节作用,而组织绩效则具有积极的调节作用。本研究从信号丢失的全新视角揭示了企业如何解决专利流失问题,并为我国企业的专利申请战略提供了理论参考。 相似文献
10.
This paper aims to analyse the risk of intellectual property (IP) infringements by competitors from abroad and in particular to consider whether this risk is higher for international innovating firms. We distinguish three different types of IP infringements from abroad: the usage of firms’ technical inventions, product piracy, and copying of corporate names and designs. Our analysis rests on the German data from the Europe-wide Community Innovation Survey (CIS). We use a unique data set of about 900 observations, which are retrieved from two survey waves. While the earlier wave contains information about international and domestic innovation activities, the later wave reports IP infringements. In a second analysis, the likelihood of infringements from innovation host countries and no-innovation host countries abroad is examined. Before the empirical analysis, an exploratory study was carried out in China with interviews of German firms with innovation activities in China and with a legal advisor for small and medium-sized German enterprises. The results show that firms with international R&D activities are increasing their chances of losing technological knowledge to their local competitors abroad. R&D activities in countries with weak intellectual property rights increase the risk for all types of IP infringements compared to domestic R&D activities. Infringements by competitors from the host country are driven by the production of new produces in this country. Export intensity is the major driver of infringements from no-innovation host countries. R&D activities in China and North America also increase the risk of an infringement. However, firms that innovate only in their home country experience significantly more product piracy cases than international innovating firms. 相似文献
11.
《Research Policy》2022,51(10):104606
In this paper, we address the question of ‘Why do firms publish scientific papers?’. Research examining the competitive advantages that firms accrue from investment in R&D has provided evidence that such efforts can be associated with the voluntary disclosure of research findings in scientific publications. This form of scientific openness occurs despite potentially undermining the value-capturing process by generating knowledge spillovers and hindering the use of other instruments for protecting intellectual property (patents and secrecy). Our understanding of what leads firms to engage in scientific publishing remains relatively limited, however. We address this gap by presenting a systematic review of 164 studies examining firm publishing. We then develop a conceptual framework that outlines five incentives for firms to engage in publishing: (i) accessing external knowledge and resources; (ii) attracting and retaining researchers; (iii) supporting IP strategies; (iv) building the firm's reputation; and (v) supporting commercialization strategies. Mechanisms that relate incentives to publish to firms' major stakeholders – i.e. academia, industry, investors, users, and institutions – are also outlined in the framework. We conclude by setting out an agenda for future research. 相似文献
12.
本文依据知识基础观和组织学习理论,建立企业知识属性和企业间知识关系共同影响企业创新绩效的综合分析框架,研究合作伙伴知识多样性、合作伙伴与焦点企业间知识相关性对焦点企业创新绩效的影响,以及焦点企业内部知识复杂性的调节作用,并运用医药行业上市企业2007—2016年专利数据和负二项回归模型验证相关假设。研究发现：合作伙伴知识多样性对焦点企业创新绩效有正向影响,焦点企业知识复杂性对该关系有负向调节作用;合作伙伴与焦点企业间知识相关性对焦点企业创新绩效有倒U型影响,焦点企业知识复杂性对该关系有正向调节作用。 相似文献
13.
《Research Policy》2023,52(6):104784
We explore how multimarket contact (MMC) explains competitors' intellectual property (IP) infringement-litigation dynamics. We build on role congruity theory to propose that the role played by each firm in shared markets generates expectations about their behavior, determining which of the following dynamics arise: mutual forbearance (low probability of IP infringement and high probability of litigation) or mimetic behavior (high probability of IP infringement and low probability of litigation). We look into two possible roles, imitators and innovators, and claim that (1) mutual forbearance dynamics are more likely to arise when firms play the role of innovators, whereas (2) mimetic behavior dynamics are more likely to arise when firms play the role of imitators. We find support for our predictions in a sample of 813 patent infringement cases in the biopharmaceutical industry. Increasing MMC from one standard deviation below the mean to one standard deviation above the mean leads to a 21.6 (20.6) percent decrease in the probability of infringement and a 22.7 (65.1) percent increase in the probability of litigation after infringement when the rival (focal firm) plays the role of an innovator in shared markets. Alternatively, this increase in MMC leads to a 14.3 % increase (no increase) in the probability of infringement and a 5.2 (16.4) percent decrease in the probability of litigation when the rival (focal firm) plays the role of an imitator in shared markets. 相似文献
14.
《Research Policy》2019,48(7):1798-1808
Much has been said about the role that technological networking activities play on the innovative performance of firms, but little is known about how the regional context influences the efficiency of such networking activities. In this paper we hypothesize that the transformation of firms’ networking activities into innovation may vary depending on the regional environment in which the firm is located. For Spanish manufactures in the period 2000-12 and through the use of a multilevel framework, we obtain that after controlling for the firm’s characteristics, the regional context has not only a direct effect on firms’ innovation performance, but it also conditions the returns to firms’ networking activities, although differently in the case of cooperation and outsourcing. Cooperating in innovation activities is more beneficial for those firms located in a knowledge intensive region, whereas R&D outsourcing seems to be more profitable for firms in regions with a low knowledge pool. 相似文献
15.
基于浙江省数百家高科技企业的创新管理数据,本研究发现领导者创新意识确立、创新文化建设、创新制度完善、研发机构设立、研发经费投入以及产学研项目合作是企业推进创新工作的主要方式。实证检验结果显示创新软环境对于企业技术进步、效益提升和创新能力均有显著的积极影响,研发机构建设对企业技术进步和效益提升均有显著贡献,研发资金投入则对企业技术进步有显著正向影响。当企业面临激烈的市场竞争时,创新软环境对企业创新能力提升有更为积极的促进作用,同时产学研合作对于企业效益提升与创新能力表现出显著的正向影响。本研究进一步调查分析影响企业技术创新绩效的主要因素以及目前企业所面临的最大的困难,更为全面的展示当下我国高科技企业的创新与发展现状。 相似文献
16.
《Research Policy》2022,51(2):104442
Prior research has focused on how firms use a variety of organizational mechanisms to protect their R&D investments from misappropriation risks in foreign countries. Little is known, however, about how firms can rely on non-market factors to induce preferential treatment by host government authorities, thereby protecting their intellectual property overseas. In this paper, we investigate two such non-market factors, one at the country level, the other at the firm level, that are likely to influence the choice of where firms locate their innovation activities: host country inclination towards the firm's home country and the firm's political capabilities, respectively. We thus examine how IPR policies and non-market factors interact in protecting firm innovation from misappropriation and in making countries more attractive for innovation-related activities. We find support for our predictions in a sample of 1,341 foreign R&D investments made by 163 firms from 14 home countries over the period 2003–2016. 相似文献
17.
近年来，随着企业间结盟方式逐渐趋于多元化，企业个体间竞争的模式正在向基于派系间竞争模式转化。本研究基于社会网络的理论，以中国9个高新技术行业2010-2015年联盟创新网络的数据为样本，对联盟网络中的派系类别及派系间联络企业对企业创新能力的影响进行研究。结果发现，目前中国的高新技术产业派系林立程度较大，跨派系融合度较低；研发优势派系、契约式派系及纯商业型派系对企业的创新能力产生显著的正向影响；派系间联络企业负向调节纯商业型派系对企业创新能力的影响。本研究对企业进行派系的选择及派系关系的管理具有重要的理论及现实指导意义。 相似文献
18.
本研究构建了以战略柔性和战略创新为中介机制的员工导向提升企业原始性创新的关系模型,并分析了企业特征的调节作用。采用取自303家我国企业的双份调研问卷对文中所提的链式多重中介效应模型进行实证检验,结果显示员工导向通过三条并行路径促进原始性创新：第一,员工导向增强战略柔性进而促进原始性创新;第二,员工导向以战略创新为中介机制提升原始性创新;第三,员工导向通过战略柔性促进战略创新,进而提升原始性创新。此外,链式多重中介效应随着企业年龄和企业规模的增加而减弱。 相似文献
19.
技术创新是出口企业提高国际竞争力的重要战略,而技术创新的关键在于对其特性和形成原因的科学把握。本文在对企业技术创新的理论分析的基础上,运用多元统计和面板数据模型,以非出口企业、FDI企业为对照组,实证研究了中国上市出口企业技术创新异质性与影响因素。研究发现中国出口企业技术创新具有明显的异质性;研发资本投入、研发人力投入、企业冗余资源、技术装备程度、国有股权比例、股权集中度和企业规模对出口企业技术创新产出的作用具有类型异质性和大小差异性。研究结果可为中国出口企业技术创新决策提供参考。 相似文献
20.
Using unique innovation survey data collected from a homogenous sample of firms in Pakistan, this paper presents an analysis of the firm level determinants of product innovation and its impact on firm performance. We employ a multi-stage structural model linking the decision of a firm to innovate, its innovation investment, product innovation, and firm performance using primary data from the textile and wearing apparel sector, which is the largest export sector of Pakistan. We find that product innovation leads to increased labor productivity as well as higher labor productivity growth. A 10 percent increase in innovative sales per worker is associated with a greater than 10 percent increase in labor productivity and labor productivity growth. On the determinants of innovation, we find that vertical knowledge flows from foreign clients and suppliers are important determinants of a firm's decision to innovate. Larger firms are more likely to engage in innovation, however, there is no significant evidence that they invest more in innovation. Exporting is positively associated with innovation performance and firms exporting to Europe and America are more likely to engage in innovation. There is mixed evidence on the impact of competition: foreign competition adversely affects a firm’s decision to innovate, whereas, local competition increases investment in innovation. Subsidies seem to have a crowding out effect since firms receiving national subsides invest less in innovation. Furthermore, firms that have higher investment in innovation, that are more productive, and that introduce organizational innovations have higher innovative sales per worker. 相似文献