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1.
Laurence Chalip Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi Douglas Kleiber Reed Larson 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):109-116
Abstract The premise of this paper is that an important component of the value of sport is the experience it provides: the moods, feelings, and self-perceptions that occur in sports contexts. The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) was used to monitor the ongoing experience of 75 adolescents. Sport was compared with other activities in terms of concentration, mood, self-consciousness and sense of skill, challenge and control. Three different sport contexts were distinguished and compared—organized sport, informal sport, and physical education class. These three contexts were contrasted, and results interpreted in terms of the “flow model” of enjoyment and optimal experience (Csikszentmihalyi, 1975). Sport was experienced as substantially more positive than the rest of everyday life. Sense of control was highest in gym class and lowest in informal sport; sense of skill was highest in informal sport and lowest in gym class; and significantly more was perceived to be at stake in organized sport than in informal sport or gym class. Finally it was shown how the structure of the activity impacts the relationship between sense of skill and other subjective variables. 相似文献
2.
农民对体育活动的认识水平和思想观念是影响农村体育开展的重要因素。笔者运用问卷法、现场调查法等研究方法对西北所有61个革命老区县的农村居民对体育的认识和参加体育活动的现状进行研究,结果表明:西北革命老区农民对体育的各种功能认识层次较浅,但乐于参加有组织的各种体育活动。各种简单、易于开展的常规体育项目和民族传统体育项目在农村受到革命老区农民的喜爱。 相似文献
3.
全面建设小康社会背景下我国农村体育的发展战略 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
通过调查与分析,揭示总体小康与全面建设小康社会农村体育地位发生了重大变化,农村体育将成为新时期我国群众体育的工作重点。广大农民不仅需要体育,而且热爱具有乡土特点的体育活动;尽管农村经济相对落后,但农村也具备了一些可以利用的必要发展条件。发展农村体育要着眼广大农村而不必以小城镇为重点,政府要承担起发展农村体育的主要责任。 相似文献
4.
运用文献资料法,从青少年的身体形态、生理功能、身体素质、心理素质、社会适应5个方面阐述家庭体育的重要性。研究发现家庭体育对青少年学生运动行为的影响主要从内在因素和外在因素分析,内在因素表现在家庭父母、家庭情况、家庭环境;外在因素表现在学校体育的制约和社区体育的制约。为此提出青少年学生家庭体育运动行为的策略研究建议应加大对家庭体育的宣传,转变体育观念,提高父母对青少年学生体育活动参与重要性的认识;从城乡两地出发,加大青少年公共服务组织建设;融合家庭、学校、社区体育一体化发展,构建青少年学生体育参与家庭培养体系。 相似文献
5.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):319-328
Abstract To date, neither theoretical approaches nor empirical findings allow clear predictions about the influence of sport engagement on youth violence. The present study uses a typological approach to investigate groups of adolescents with different characteristics of violent behaviour and cognition regarding their sport background and psychological variables associated with violent behaviour. A sample of 2438 Swiss adolescents aged 12–18 years completed five self-report questionnaires on sport engagement, violent behaviour and cognition, self-concept, wellbeing, and stress perception. After in-depth data cleaning and method checking, the data of 832 participants were clustered using the Ward method. Five reliable clusters based on violent behaviour and cognition can be identified: non-violent adolescents, adolescents at risk, violence supporters, psychological harassers, and violent adolescents. Harassers are most engaged in sports and are over-represented among elite athletes. Violent adolescents are over-represented in game sports with body contact, whereas non-violent adolescents are involved in individual sports with a focus on aesthetic factors. Results further reveal that non-violent adolescents scored highest on general self-concept and relationship to parents, whereas harassers scored highest on general sport abilities. Moreover, harassers and violent adolescents have the least favourable values on different scales of wellbeing and stress perception. Given the cross-sectional nature of the study, no conclusion about selection or socializing processes can be drawn. Further in-depth consideration is needed to advance our understanding of the relationship between sport, psychological dimensions, and violence. 相似文献
6.
Leslie A. Howe 《体育哲学杂志》2013,40(3):437-453
Two prevalent assumptions in the philosophy of sport literature are that all sports are games and that all games are contests, meant to determine who is the better at the skills definitive of the sport. If these are correct, it would follow that all sports are contests and that a range of sporting activities, including nature sports, are not in fact sports at all. This paper first confronts the notion that sport and games must seek to resolve skill superiority through consideration of sport activities that have no such aim. The reduction of sport to game is also shown to be untenable and due to misunderstanding the point of sport activities, specifically, why people engage in them. This leads to reconsideration of the dominance of an instrumental conception of sport and the pursuit of excellence as anthropomaximising efficiency. The Norwegian tradition of frilutsliv is explored as a counterpoint to both conventional and nature sport. 相似文献
7.
In the second half of the nineteenth century, sport and tourism developed simultaneously under British inspiration. The models of the Alpine Club and the Touring Club set examples which were emulated in France, thus benefiting the development of physical activities and the planning of places of interest. While private commercial initiatives were only slowly emerging, the French Alpine Club and Canoe Club, effectively assisted by the Touring Club de France, promoted tourist expansion. This paper shows how the cooperation orchestrated between the sports and tourist societies played a driving role in the development of the tourist economy in France. To support this project, this case study uses the comparative analysis of two tourist areas: the banks of the River Marne, taken over by Parisian water sport enthusiasts, and the Dauphiné Alps, favoured by English mountaineers as early as the 1860s. Comparing two different geographical areas and two different activities allows us to highlight the common process which accounts for the joint development of sports and tourist activities. Our analyses, which are based on a precise chronology and a detailed cartography, underline the progressive structuring of sports sites and development of tourist infrastructures needed to accommodate sportsmen and -women. This work is founded on an analysis of the archives and publications of the above-mentioned organizations. The tourist development of these areas is identified through cadastral maps and tourist guides. 相似文献
8.
杭州市新型小区体育设施建设现状的调查与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
商品房住宅小区是未来城市居民居住的主要形式,小区内体育设施建设是我国社会发展的需求。采用文献资料法、访谈法和实地调查等方法对杭州市商品房住宅小区体育设施建设现状进行调查与分析。结果认为,多数新型小区体育设施占地面积达到了国家规定的下限标准,但达到国家规定的上限标准的小区不多,总的来说,仍不能满足居民日益增长体育活动的需求;提出了新型小区体育设施在政策法规、规划、管理、使用等方面存在的理论与实践问题,并据此提出相应对策和建议。 相似文献
9.
Sport is often considered as a promising instrument for reaching a wide array of policy objectives. Social inclusion is one of the goals frequently mentioned. Though one can argue about the feasibility of the many claims made, sport can only reasonably be expected to play a role if the targeted population is effectively taking part in sports. This is what is investigated in this study. The focus lies on the sports participation of children (primary school) and adolescents (secondary school), more particularly in a club-organised setting. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether family related factors associated with a higher risk for social exclusion can be considered as determinants of club sport participation among children and adolescents. Data are based on a large-scale cross-sectional survey (2009), collected in 39 schools in Flanders (Belgium), with a total of 3005 children and adolescents (aged 6–18) participating in the research. A multilevel logistic regression has been conducted, controlling also for differences between schools. Income poverty and parental education come forward as important determinants for club-organised sports participation. No evidence was found that living in a single parent-household affects the likelihood of club-organised sports participation. While sport is often considered as an important instrument for social inclusion, the study shows that children and adolescents who are likely to occupy a more vulnerable position in society as a whole, have higher odds to be left out with regard to sport club participation as well. 相似文献
10.
影响我国农村体育发展的非经济因素与对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
农村体育是社会主义新农村建设的重要组成部分,而我国的农村体育事业建设还处于一种发展非常缓慢的状态。制约农村体育发展的首要因素是经济,但经济不是唯一因素,还有大部分非经济因素。对影响农村体育发展的非经济因素进行了分析,并提出了对策:开展喜闻乐见、丰富多彩的体育活动,深入挖掘、开发农村传统体育项目;发挥大众传媒作用,提高各级领导和广大农民对农村体育的认识,建立良好的农村体育发展软环境;加强农村基层体育组织、专业人员队伍建设。 相似文献
11.
《Sport Management Review》2014,17(1):8-22
Disabled sports participants are a small proportion of sports participants at English public sports centres; but they are important to the social inclusion agenda. This paper aims to provide a detailed insight into the preferences and behaviour of disabled sports participants.It investigated whether there were statistical differences: first, between the disabled sports participants and the non-disabled sports participants in terms of (1) social demographics, (2) patterns of participation, (3) travel, (4) sports activities and (5) customer satisfaction; and second, between age, ethnic, socio-economic and gender groups of their subsamples, on (2), (4) and (5) again. Disability is defined as having any long term illness or health problem which limits a person's daily activities or the work that a person can do. The data collected through the National Benchmarking Service, for 458 sports centres from 2005 to 2011, revealed that about 9% of over 150,000 sports participants were disabled. Swimming, using fitness equipment and keep fit related exercises were the top three most frequently stated main sports activities by the disabled. It was also more likely for the disabled to participate in organised activities, own a leisure card and participate regularly when compared with the non-disabled participants. In addition, the disabled were also more likely than the non-disabled to travel to the centre by public transport, from home and travel a longer journey time. The industry weaknesses as identified by the disabled relate to physical evidence of the sports centres, particularly cleanliness attributes. Measures that can be taken to increase sports participation by the disabled include competent support at sports centres, promotions through discount schemes or leisure cards, and free transportation to sport centres in catchment areas with high proportions of disabled in their population. 相似文献
12.
目的:就体育活动对儿童青少年裸眼远视力、动态视力、眼轴长度(AL)和等效球镜度数(SER)变化的影响进行Meta分析,为今后我国儿童青少年的视力健康和体育活动参与提供理论依据。方法:在中国知网、万方、Web of Science、PubMed等数据库中,检索有关体育活动影响儿童青少年近视的中英文干预研究。采用Stata15.1和Revman5.4软件对纳入的结局指标进行分析。结果:共纳入26篇文献,其中19篇含随机干预对照实验研究,9篇含前后测实验研究,共9526名儿童青少年。Meta分析结果显示,体育活动能够有效改善儿童青少年动态视力、提高裸眼远视力、延缓AL变化、抑制SER发展。结论:经常参与体育活动能够有效延缓儿童青少年近视的发生和发展,对动态视力、裸眼远视力、AL和SER都有较为显著的作用。今后应纳入广泛的、高质量研究,进一步进行验证。 相似文献
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14.
Abstract Sports clubs create conditions for people of all ages to pursue a healthy lifestyle through exercise in sports and attend to constructive pedagogical work which creates much value for society. This study investigates the relationship between adolescents' sports clubs participation and self-reported mental and physical conditions and future expectations. The participants were 10,987 pupils in the final three years of their compulsory education in Iceland (aged 14–16 years). The participants completed questionnaires administered to students in the classroom relating to health and behaviour. The results indicate that participation in sports clubs influences adolescents positively; adolescents who work hard at sport not only believe they are in better mental and physical condition, they also believe they can succeed in other areas such as their studies. Sports clubs promote positive influence on adolescents' mental and physical conditions and their future expectations toward work and happiness. It can be concluded that participation in organised sports clubs affects the participants in a positive way. 相似文献
15.
冉婷 《体育科技文献通报》2012,20(4):101-103
采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、逻辑分析等方法,从校园体育文化建设的内涵着手,探究了高校体育文化建设的重要性,分析了高校体育文化建设的现状,认为高校体育文化建设在体育教学、体育师资、体育观念等方面的现状堪忧,即体育健康教育发展不成熟,体育文化活动形式单一,体育教师结构和教育水平不完备,体育观念传统守旧等。对策：加强体育健康文化教育;丰富校园体育文化多样性;打造高水平体育师资队伍;革新传统体育观念。 相似文献
16.
Since the beginning of the 1980s, sport has appeared to be the last recourse against the worsening of living conditions, lack of job security and the ghettoisation of certain boroughs that stand out mostly because of continuing urban riots and juvenile violence. All of this is continually exaggerated by the media and politicians in their continual desire to dramatise and exaggerate. Certain sub-issues immediately emerge: what are the theoretical or ideological foundations on which this concept of making sport a lever for preventive policies is based? And what sport are we talking about? Is it the physical activities and sport (PAS) practised in the schools and institutes, civil sport or sport in the streets? Why do young people increasingly abandon civil/federated sport to practise ‘adventure sports’ or self-organised sports? Can self-organised sports and, more precisely, sport played outside the tower blocks favour the ‘self-control of impulses’? And if they can, under what conditions can they favour socialisation and contribute to preventing vandalism or violent acts? If it must be admitted that the links between sport and education, sport and prevention, sport and insertion, etc., are considered to be self-evident, they are rarely analysed or questioned. 相似文献
17.
对苏州城市社区全民健身公共服务现行措施所取得的成效进行实证调研,结果显示：当前苏州的城市社区体育设施建设步伐逐步加快,公共健身场地已经百分之百地覆盖到城市各个区域;全民健身队伍的组织管理措施加强,公共服务经费来源的渠道形式多样;群众参与健身锻炼活动趋于常态化,着力打造“特色体育”品牌;体育指导的创新推进得以深化,健身指导与体质监测服务具有“苏州特色”等。 相似文献
18.
Pierre-Olaf Schut 《国际体育史杂志》2016,33(10):1133-1151
AbstractThe link between sport and tourism is closely related in outdoor sports and it is worth considering the development of these physical activities in conjunction with the tourist infrastructures that facilitate access to the activity areas. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the major role played by the Touring Club de France (TCF) in the launching of winter sports in France through its promotion of tourist infrastructures and support of the related activities. The TCF played an innovating and most efficient part through its action on three essential aspects: equipping sites for tourists; developing the manufacture of winter sports equipment; and promoting winter sports, thus bringing new life to mountain resorts. In taking into account the crucial role of the TCF in this study, the main sources used are related to the club itself: its archives and the monthly review from 1908 to 1914. On a larger scale, an explanation on how the TCF acted as a lever to generate dynamics beneficial to local development of the mountain areas will also be provided. 相似文献
19.
文章采用文献资料法、实地访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究方法,围绕认知、态度和参与及需求方面对湘西地区农村妇女体育进行调查研究.研究结果表明:该地区农村妇女对全民健身计划关注程度低,健身态度积极性不强;认知水平尚处于浅层次上,不能很好的区分体育与劳动,对健身项目的认同表现不同,但该群体对体育在生活中作用的重要性认知较强,体育功能认知呈现多元化;参与情况:妇女参与率低,选择健身项目内容单一,活动时间不具有连续性.开展最普遍的是民族传统体育活动的组织形式以松散、小型的群众自发组织为主;妇女对体育的需求度并不太高,但对体育内容的需求多元化,并针对欠发达地区农村提出如何发展妇女体育的一些建议. 相似文献
20.
采用文献资料调研和逻辑分析法回顾了体育组织与媒介关系发展的历史,从两者相互交织的利益取向出发,将体育组织与媒介关系分为:媒介对体育及体育组织的介入期、体育组织与媒介关系稳定发展期和共生成熟期。研究结果认为,体育组织与媒介关系形态表现为单向传播关系、合作关系和共生关系;这3种关系形态不仅仅是纵向的、历史演变的结果,同时也是一种横向的、在当今社会也同时存在的关系形态;决定体育组织与媒介关系形态的因素包括体育制度与媒介制度、媒介传播力以及受众对媒体的依赖程度。 相似文献