共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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对于运动员流畅状态的干预已成为理论研究的热点问题,而探寻流畅状态的影响因素进而调控运动员的流畅状态,也是训练与竞技实践工作者的迫切需要。从流畅状态干预角度出发,对124名冰雪项目运动员施测“运动员流畅状态影响因素问卷”,考察冰雪项目运动员流畅状态影响因子及其特点。研究发现：冰雪项目运动员流畅状态影响因素由“积极的心理准备”“、放松的情绪状态”和“专注于比赛的注意力”三个因子构成;不同训练年限运动员在“积极的心理准备”因子存在显著差异,不同项目、主力–非主力、训练年限分组、运动成绩分组的运动员之间,在“放松的情绪状态”和“专注于比赛的注意力”因子存在显著差异。对冰雪项目运动员赛前流畅状态的调控,要重视赛前心理准备、情绪放松以及比赛专注力的心理指导与教育,并要针对不同群体运动员的特点开展相应工作。 相似文献
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围绕着“美何以在作为中国武术载体的人的身体上落地和在生命中实现”这一尚未解决的研究议题,提出中国武术“以身为美”理论。在哲学、美学、体育学等相关学科理论指导下,对中国武术“以身为美”理论进行建构与解构。研究认为:(1)中国武术“以身为美”的理论建构包括:“身心一体论”为中国武术“以身为美”提供了身体哲学的立论依据,“身体主体观”为中国武术“以身为美”提供了身体美学的理论支撑,“反思性身体训练”为中国武术“以身为美”理论提供了身体实践的主要内容;(2)中国武术“以身为美”的理论解构包括:顺随通达的身体知觉之美,以动入静的身体感通之美,自然适度的身体愉悦之美,关怀生命的身体康养之美,内向超越的身体意向之美。文章最后指出:以身体哲学为依据、身体美学为支撑的中国武术“以身为美”理论有着丰富的身体实践资源。对其理论的进一步研究不但能够对中国武术理论起到很好的补充作用,最为关键的是它让我们对“下学而上达”的中国武术传统有了更多期待。 相似文献
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李海燕 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(10):89-90
本文采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、SWOT分析法,对广州市高校"篮球宝贝"发展过程的优势因素、劣势因素、机会因素和威胁因素进行详细分析。研究结果表明:广州市高校"篮球宝贝"发展现状的优势因素为:经济发达、教育资源配置完善,高校人才优势明显、后备人才队伍充裕;劣势因素为:重视程度不高、经费支持较低,管理制度不健全、训练体系不完善;机会因素为:篮球赛事频繁,啦啦队赛事增多;威胁因素为:专业水平不高,社会重视程度低。希望通过研究以期为广州市高校"篮球宝贝"的良性发展提供理论和实践借鉴。 相似文献
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Roger Bartlett Jon Wheat Matthew Robins 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):224-243
This paper overviews the importance for sports biomechanics of movement variability, which has been studied for some time by cognitive and ecological motor skills specialists but, until quite recently, had somewhat been overlooked by sports biomechanists. The paper considers biomechanics research reporting inter- and intra-individual movement variability in javelin and discus throwing, basketball shooting, and locomotion. The overview does not claim to be comprehensive and we exclude such issues as the theoretical background to movement and coordination variability and their measurement. We overview evidence, both theoretical and empirical, of inter-individual movement variability in seeking to achieve the same task goal, in contrast to the concept of “optimal” movement patterns. Furthermore, even elite athletes cannot reproduce identical movement patterns after many years of training, contradicting the ideas of motor invariance and “representative” trials. We contend that movement variability, far from being solely due to neuromuscular system or measurement “noise” – as sports biomechanists may have previously supposed – is, or could be, functional. Such functionality could allow environmental adaptations, reduce injury risk, and facilitate changes in coordination patterns. We conclude by recommending that sports biomechanists should focus more of their research on movement variability and on important related topics, such as control and coordination of movement, and implications for practice and skill learning. 相似文献
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目的:基于决策树模型探讨幼儿体质的影响因素及其交互关系。方法:募集学龄前儿童4621名(36~83月龄)。参照《国民体质测定标准手册(幼儿部分)》进行体质测试与综合评级(合格、不合格);问卷调查幼儿出生信息、育儿方式、静坐与身体活动、膳食营养、睡眠、父母情况6个一级指标下分的59个二级指标变量信息;采用IBM SPSS modeler创建CHAID决策树模型。结果:幼儿体质的重要影响因素排序依次为周末身体活动(PA)、周末静坐行为(SB)、性别、周末中-大强度身体活动(MVPA)、上学日PA、钙、上学日SB。决策树模型显示,根节点变量周末PA“>3 h/天”(95.35%)的幼儿体质合格率与“1~3 h/天”(91.43%)、“≤0.5 h/天”(85.43%)相比具有非常显著性差异(P=0.000)。周末PA“>3 h/天”的第2、3层叶节点变量分别为周末SB、上学日PA,“1~3 h/天”“≤0.5 h/天”的第2层叶节点变量均为性别。其中,“1~3 h/天”的3~5层叶节点变量包括周末与上学日MVPA、上学日SB、钙等。结论:周末PA是影响幼儿体质的最关键因素。幼儿周末PA应超过3 h/天的国际推荐量标准,并在此基础上减少周末SB时间、增加上学日PA时间。身体活动与静坐行为、性别、钙摄入等对不同层次类型幼儿的体质促进具有决策意义。 相似文献
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运用文献资料法、德尔菲法和数理统计法等,以2013—2018年我国举办的马拉松赛事为研究对象,基于对我国马拉松赛事发展影响因素的系统分析,以理论力学理论为指导,构建我国马拉松赛事发展动力评价指标体系和动力机制理论模型,并对动力机制理论模型进行实证研究。结果表明:1)我国马拉松赛事发展动力评价指标体系,包含4个一级指标、8个二级指标、26个三级指标;2)我国马拉松赛事发展动力的测量指标、影响因素均与综合指数呈正相关关系(R>0.45);3)我国马拉松赛事发展不同年度的综合动力值之间不存在显著性差异(F=0.284,P>0.05);4)我国马拉松赛事发展不同影响因素和动力要素的动力值存在显著性差异(F=30.504,P<0.01)。我国马拉松赛事需要从协同发展、市场化运作、赛事创新、政策落实等视角进行不断的调整和完善,才能更好地促进我国马拉松赛事的健康与良性发展。 相似文献
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Alicia L. Fedewa Elizabeth Fettrow Soyeon Ahn Minnah Farook 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2018,89(2):153-163
Purpose: This study investigated the academic achievement and physical activity differences between types of activity breaks implemented in elementary school classrooms. This study evaluated whether there was a difference between the impact of purely aerobic-based movement breaks and the impact of academic-based breaks on children’s academic achievement outcomes. Method: Participants included 460 children in 3rd grade through 5th grade at 4 elementary schools. There were 176 children in the schools that engaged in academic-based breaks and 284 in the schools that engaged in aerobic-only breaks. Schools were randomly assigned at the school level to implement either aerobic movement breaks with academic content infused within the breaks (“academic-based breaks”) or aerobic-only movement breaks without the addition of academic material (“aerobic-only breaks”) for approximately 10 min of activity per day. Math and reading achievement as well as children’s step counts were measured before and after the intervention. A mixed-effects (multilevel-growth) model, in which the repeated measures of individuals nested within a classroom are analyzed, was used to answer all posited research questions. Results: Small to moderate effect sizes (ES) indicating gains in reading achievement (ES = .13) and steps (ES = .33) were found for classrooms that used aerobic-only movement breaks compared with those that used academic-based breaks. Conclusions: The type of movement breaks that are implemented in classrooms may have differential outcomes for children’s achievement and activity levels. Results from the present study indicate that children who were given aerobic-only movement breaks had slightly larger gains in reading achievement and physical activity levels than children who were given academic-based breaks. 相似文献
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Cognitive activation is known from education research but has found only limited applicability in physical education research; therefore, this paper presents a proposal for a definition as well as a theoretical structure and process model of cognitive activation in physical education based on the currently dominant representational theory of memory and a subsequent theoretical action perspective. A central aim of this theoretical framework was to take an action theoretical perspective based on mental representation and model cognition of students in physical education classes. Accordingly, cognition and information processing in physical education are considered as constructive cognitive activities. Furthermore, mental representations of actions form the basis for movement and physical activity. This paper integrates intradisciplinary coordinates from sports psychology, exercise science and didactics and discusses interfaces between cognitive activation and cognitive activity of students in physical education. The present framework can be understood as a theoretical basis for physical education research. 相似文献
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The planned peaking for matches or events of perceived greatest priority or difficulty throughout a competitive season is commonplace in high-level team sports. Despite this prevalence in the field, little research exists on the practice. This study aimed to provide a framework for strategic periodisation which team sport organisations can use to evaluate the efficacy of such plans. Data relating to factors potentially influencing the difficulty of matches were obtained for games played in the 2014 Australian Football League season. These included the match location, opposition rank, between-match break and team “form”. Binary logistic regression models were developed to determine the level of association between these factors and match outcome (win/loss). Models were constructed using “fixed” factors available to clubs prior to commencement of the season, and then also “dynamic” factors obtained at monthly intervals throughout the in-season period. The influence of playing away from home on match difficulty became stronger as the season progressed, whilst the opposition rank from the preceding season was the strongest indicator of difficulty across all models. The approaches demonstrated in this paper can be used practically to evaluate both the long- and short-term efficacy of strategic periodisation plans in team sports as well as inform and influence coach programming. 相似文献
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我国青少年体质健康政策执行困境是学界长期关注的重点。该文以修正后的“模糊—冲突”模型为基础,采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法选取了我国青少年体质健康政策文件中具有代表性的“学生体质健康监测”“每天锻炼一小时”“构建学校、家庭、社区体育一体化”“学业减负保障学生睡眠”四个子政策作为案例分析。根据政策属性的模糊性和冲突性划分出不同的政策执行类别,并对影响四类政策执行的支配性要素进行模型解释,最终归结出导致政策执行困境的深层次原因。在此基础上提出了保障体质健康资源、完善政策监督机制、优化条块管理模式、引领社会舆论导向等提升政策执行效力的建议。 相似文献
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“体医结合”到“体医融合”的核心是摸索一条体育与医疗深度融会贯通的道路,其目的是响应健康中国战略的推进,将体育锻炼方式和医疗技术手段有机融合,提升社会公民的健康水平和身体素质,减少医疗资源的占用,缓解巨额的医疗财政开支。本文主要运用文献资料、专家访谈等方法叙述从“体医结合”到“体医融合”的现状并解析及其内涵,从理论体系、人才培养、资源配置、监管体系四个方面深入探究其处于过渡时期理念捆绑和实践脱节导致进展缓慢的困境;主要研究路径分别为理论体系上推进“五位一体”建设,以技术、理念、策略、价值、资源融合为载体;服务及资源上实施“供给侧”转型,平衡区域体育健康资源布局,实行社会参与机制,推行区域内体医融合示范区建;人才培养上落实“求同存异”方案,培养高素质复合型人才;监管体系上加强政策导引,达到顶层设计目的,使“体医结合”通过合适的路径升华到“体医融合”。 相似文献
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面对日益蔓延的生活方式疾病,我国政府启动了主动健康科技专项,探索制定遏制慢性疾病不断恶化的中国方案。研究通过梳理现代医学模式发展脉络,面向即将到来的新科技革命,总结其学科特点,尝试给出主动健康的定义。主动健康是依照复杂性科学理论,人体可在远离平衡态形成自组织行为,通过主动对人体施加可控的刺激增加人体复杂性,从而达到健康干预的目的。研究认为,主动健康作为未来医学发展的重要方向,将会形成与现代疾病医学相互协同发展的新模式。同时,尽管运动科学是主动健康的重要组成部分,然而,面对主动健康医学的要求和未来科技发展的趋势,运动科学需要基于复杂系统、大数据和AI技术进行基础理论创新。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):195-202
Abstract We report the initial validation of a multi-component assessment model for monitoring training distress among athletes. The model combines measures of mood disturbance with measures of perceived stress and symptom intensity. Altogether, 492 athletes completed the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10; Cohen et al., 1983), the 24-item Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS; Terry et al., 2003), and a checklist of 19 symptoms associated with acute overtraining (Fry et al., 1994). Six training distress factors were identified by an exploratory factor analysis: “depressed mood”, “perceived vigour”, “physical symptoms”, “sleep disturbance”, “perceived stress”, and “general fatigue”. Comparisons of group means of these factors with a previously validated inventory were consistent with theoretical predictions and provided evidence of construct validity. Internal consistency of the subscales was also confirmed, with Cronbach alphas ranging from 0.72 to 0.86. Together, these findings suggest that this multi-component model provides a sound conceptual basis for the assessment of training distress among athletes. 相似文献
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运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,对乒乓球项目引入"鹰眼"系统的必要性,以及乒乓球项目引入"鹰眼"系统存在的主要问题进行研究。结果发现:高水平乒乓球比赛特点、乒乓球比赛规则的量化决定着高水平乒乓球赛事离不开"鹰眼";观众观赏、运动员正当维护自身权益、裁判员执裁、教练员制定训练计划、科研人员的研究分析都需要借助"鹰眼"系统;对于引入"鹰眼"使用成本过高、阻碍比赛连续性、影响裁判权威性顾虑完全可以打消。 相似文献
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创业者在个体社会网络互动中动员网络资源,以缓解企业组织创建早期面临的资源约束问题,是当前创业环境下我国个体创业类体育新创企业保持存续与实现成长的有效路径,也是体育创业理论研究需要关注的一个现实性问题。新经济社会学“嵌入性”理论视域下,从个体社会网络的结构维度入手,在实证研究验证了社会网络资源在创业者社会网络结构与体育新创企业绩效间存在中介作用的基础上,进一步从网络结构性的视角指出了这一传导机制存在的行业性特征:1)社会网络资源在创业者社会网络规模、网顶、异质性与体育新创企业绩效间的传导路径更为清晰;2)社会网络资源在创业者社会网络结构与体育新创企业非财务绩效间的中介作用更为显著;3)体育创业者高密度、强关系的社会网络结构更利于直接网络资源获取,高异质性的网络结构更利于间接网络资源获取;4)高密度、强关系的社会网络结构性特征有可能限制体育创业者获取网络“中介利益”的能力。 相似文献
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体育产业的快速发展和体育强国战略的深入实施,为贫困农村地区的精准扶贫提供了“体育+”的可行之路,而首要任务是对贫困农村地区进行体育资源开发。在体育资源开发过程中,首先要加强机制建设,既包括“政府—市场—贫困地区”三方协同的体育资源开发机制、开发政策的监督机制、体育资源开发的精准扶贫机制,又包括法律保障、环境保护、评价问责、信息平台建设等配套机制。贫困农村地区体育资源开发可实施“体育+”精准扶贫模式,完善贫困农村地区基础设施;要坚持因地制宜、因贫施策原则,发展贫困农村地区特色化体育资源;引入专业体育旅游运营商,整合多方资源;创新扶贫模式,走“体育+”产业化发展道路;实施“体育+教育”精准扶贫,培养体育扶贫人才;完善体育资源开发政策支持,加强实施保障。 相似文献
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新时代高等院校的课程思政改革致力于深入挖掘专业课中的思想政治资源,有效发挥课堂育人的主渠道功能。在此目标指引下,体育类院校专业课程的课程思政改革势在必行,运动心理学是体育类高校体育运动类专业的本科骨干课程。动机的自我决定理论认为,人天生就有追求身心成长和能力发展的倾向,但需要环境提供持续的营养和支持。基于此,运动心理学课程思政从自我决定理论出发,立足于对学生个体特征和不同学习需求的分析,紧紧围绕如何满足其自主性、能力感和归属感来设计并实践激发和内化学生协同吸收专业知识和思政资源的动机环境,在具体教改中实现了5个方面的经验:以生为本,精心引入与专业深度融合的思政资源来激发动机的教学内容上的“精”;“师”是基础,着力构建专业教师团队确保课程思政教师队伍上的“专”;问号课堂,“问”出融会贯通专业知识和思政资源的教学过程上的“问”;活学活用,构建问题情境促进思政资源内化的教学设计上的“活”;知行合一,做中学,磨砺意志深度夯实思政教育的教学手段上的“实”。另外,要全面推进课程思政,还需注意完善教师全员育人的教学理念、着重分析学生的个性特征、打造多部门协同合作的“育人共同体”,以构建高校专业课课程思政改革的全员全程全方位育人体系。 相似文献