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1.
两种无氧阈测试法在赛艇运动中应用的比较研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
宋高晴 《武汉体育学院学报》2005,39(7):64-65,76
采用两种不同的无氧阈测试方法(乳酸法和Conconi法)对赛艇运动员进行测试,并比较其结果的相关性。结果表明:其无氧阈血乳酸值无显著性差异,无氧阈心率存在显著性差异,心率之间的差异有可能是由最大乳酸稳定状态下的个体乳酸阈最大速度引起的,在赛艇训练中以Conconi测试的心率拐点作为无氧阈训练的评定指标更有利于运动员有氧耐力水平的提高。 相似文献
2.
本文运用联邦德国Kindermann教授的“个体无氧阈”概念的理论,采用递增负荷的方法,在我省优秀速滑运动员的非冰期身体训练中,用美国产YSI—23L血乳酸快速分析仪,进行血乳酸测试。同时,使用芬兰产POLARELECTRO心率遥测系统测定心率值,并绘制心率曲线图。从而得出非冰期专项身体训练中运动员的血乳酸“个体无氧阈”值,为速滑运动员陆地专项身体训练提供了重要的生理指标。 相似文献
3.
以血乳酸作为训练指标 ,是近十多年来在游泳训练中常采用的生化指标。它是根据运动时体内肌糖原无氧酵解的状况 ,控制和评价训练强度、结果的依据。研究表明 ,当血乳酸浓度超过４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时 ,由于体内以无氧代谢供能方式的比例急剧增加 ,造成血乳酸浓度急剧升高。随着运动强度的进一步加大 ,血乳酸浓度呈指数函数急剧上升。呈急剧上升前血乳酸值的４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ也称“拐点”。因此 ,将４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ这个临界值称为无氧代谢阈 ,简称“无氧阈”。用ＡＴ(ＡｎａｅｒｏｂｉｃＴｈｒｅｓｈｏｌｄ)表示。这个“拐点”出现得越晚表明运动员有… 相似文献
4.
备战第28届奥运会女子500 m计时赛综合攻关与服务 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为中国国家自行车队8名女子500m计时赛运动员备战第28届奥运会进行了小周期训练结合生理生化监测。通过公路无氧阈强度训练,使国家队女子500m计时赛运动员有氧氧化酶的活性提高,血液与氧结合能力的代偿性增大,血液运氧能力提高。在训练期间,运动员着重进行了原地500m×4组耐乳酸训练,经过耐乳酸训练后,运动员血乳酸峰值明显提高。结论1)冬训中通过无氧阈训练可以提高自行车场地女子500m计时赛运动员有氧能力;2)耐乳酸能力的提高是女子500m计时赛运动员取得成绩的关键,良好的有氧能力和无氧能力是场地女子500m计时赛运动员必需具备的专项生理机能;3)在同样负荷的情况下,经过一个冬训周期的训练,女子500m计时赛运动员的血清CK值明显下降;4)由于耐乳酸训练强度大,冬训持续时间长,女子500m计时赛运动员疲劳有一定程度积累;5)应用无氧阈、耐乳酸训练、血乳酸、血清CK、UREA等生理生化指标对优秀女子500m计时赛运动员评定是可行的。 相似文献
5.
心率、血乳酸在赛艇科学化训练中的应用探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对赛艇训练中常用的训练手段进行血乳酸、心率的监测,发现在常用的训练手段中,心率、血乳酸浓度和运动负荷的强度大多有较好的对应关系.在训练实践中,心率可作为控制赛艇训练强度的有意义的参数.4mmol/L无氧阈功率训练不能达到乳酸状浓度的最高稳定态训练,无氧阈功率训练对提高运动员的有氧耐力能力的效果欠佳. 相似文献
6.
最大乳酸稳定状态下足球运动员康科尼测试中个体无氧阈最大速度的选取及可靠性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究目的 :1)应用场地康科尼测试方法寻找足球运动员个体无氧阈最大速度的可行性 ;2 )分析康氏测试心率拐点与乳酸阈拐点对应的个体无氧阈最大速度之间的关系 ;3)测定最大乳酸稳定状态 ( ML SS) ,验证康氏测试个体无氧阈最大速度的可靠性。结果证明 ,在康氏测试中 85 %受试者都出现心率拐点 ,完成距离最短者心率拐点偏左、中长者居中、最长者偏右 ,相对应的乳酸阈速度正好低于心率拐点速度一个等级 ,但该两种速度之间并未出现不规则变化差异 ,且高度相关。选取康氏测试心率拐点速度进行 2 4 min匀速运动受试者平均乳酸值显示最大乳酸稳定状态 ( ML SS) ,表明可用于个体无氧阈最大速度 ,但大于 180次 / m in的心率拐点速度即已超过本人的个体无氧阈最大速度 相似文献
7.
肖震亨 《上海体育学院学报》1983,(4)
(一) 随着人体工作强度的逐渐增加,体内乳酸也先慢后快地堆积起来,乳酸开始迅速增加时的运动强度我们称为无氧阈。wasserman1973年对无氧阈有过如下定义:“无氧阈即为在代谢酸中毒和伴随而来的气体交换发生变化时的工作水平或耗氧水平”。我们认为,无氧阈可以看作是引起血乳酸急剧升高的最小强度,它是体内有氧代谢向无氧代谢过渡的转折点。小于该强度,有氧代谢占优势;大于该强度则血乳酸急剧上升,无氧酵解占优势。金特曼认为,当血乳酸超过4 mM/L 相似文献
8.
通过血乳酸浓度的测试，控制无氧阔强度训练，检验无氧闽强度训练的效果，并分析无氧阈强度训练后，训练水平提高的生理机制。 相似文献
9.
10.
不同无氧阈评价方法的比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过不同的无氧阈检测方法检测无氧阈指标出现的时间顺序,并对出现无氧阈时各相关指标进行相关性分析,以探讨不同无氧阈之间的关系。让8名赛艇运动员在ConceptⅡ风轮式赛艇测功仪上进行递增负荷测试,每级负荷3 min,直至力竭,同时测试每级负荷后的血乳酸,全程记录肌电以及气体代谢量,并做相关分析。结果表明：1）肌电阈、通气阈和乳酸阈3种无氧阈指标出现的时间依次为8 min 58 s、9 min 22 s和9 min 48 s;2）肌电阈、通气阈和乳酸阈依次出现的时间差均不超过30 s,并且通气阈和乳酸阈之间无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。3种无氧阈依次出现的原因是快肌纤维的快速动员引起了乳酸急剧增加,进而在转运到血液中时首先引起酸碱缓冲对的中和,当强度进一步增加时,产生的乳酸大大超过了乳酸的清除能力,进而引起血乳酸急剧增加。 相似文献
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12.
Intensity of exercise recovery, blood lactate disappearance, and subsequent swimming performance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Greenwood JD Moses GE Bernardino FM Gaesser GA Weltman A 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(1):29-34
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of active versus passive recovery on blood lactate disappearance and subsequent maximal performance in competitive swimmers. Fourteen male swimmers from the University of Virginia swim team (mean age 20.3 years, s= 4.1; stature 1.85 m, s= 2.2; body mass 81.1 kg, s= 5.6) completed a lactate profiling session during which the speed at the lactate threshold (V(LT)), the speed at 50% of the lactate threshold (V(LT.5)), and the speed at 150% of the lactate threshold (V(LT1.5)) were determined. Participants also completed four randomly assigned experimental sessions that consisted of a 200-yard maximal-effort swim followed by 10 min of recovery (passive, V(LT.5), V(LT), V(LT1.5)) and a subsequent 200-yard maximal effort swim. All active recovery sessions resulted in greater lactate disappearance than passive recovery (P < 0.0001 for all comparisons), with the greatest lactate disappearance associated with recovery at V(LT) (P= 0.006 and 0.007 vs. V(LT.5) and V(LT1.5) respectively) [blood lactate disappearance was 2.1 mmol l(-1) (s= 2.0), 6.0 mmol l(-1) (s=2.6), 8.5 mmol l(-1) (s= 1.8), and 6.1 mmol l(-1) (s= 2.5) for passive, V(LT.5), V(LT), and V(LT1.5) respectively]. Active recovery at VLT and V(LT1.5) resulted in faster performance on time trial 2 than passive recovery (P=0.005 and 0.03 respectively); however, only active recovery at V(LT) resulted in improved performance on time trial 2 (TT2) relative to time trial 1 (TT1) [TT2- TT1: passive +1.32 s (s= 0.64), V(LT.5) +1.01 s (s= 0.53), V(LT) -1.67 s (s= 0.26), V(LT1.5) -0.07 s (s = 0.51); P < 0.0001 for V(LT)). In conclusion, active recovery at the speed associated with the lactate threshold resulted in the greatest lactate disappearance and in improved subsequent performance in all 14 swimmers. Our results suggest that coaches should consider incorporating recovery at the speed at the lactate threshold during competition and perhaps during hard training sessions. 相似文献
13.
Miguel Sordi Bortolini Junior Guilherme Gularte De Agostini Ismair Teodoro Reis Romeu Paulo Martins Silva Lamounier Jeffrey B. Blumberg Foued Salmen Espindola 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):604-610
Saliva provides a convenient and noninvasive matrix for assessing specific physiological parameters, including some biomarkers of exercise. We investigated whether the total protein concentration of whole saliva (TPWS) would reflect the anaerobic threshold during an incremental exercise test. After a warm-up period, 13 nonsmoking men performed a maximum incremental exercise on a cycle ergometer. Blood and stimulated saliva were collected during the test. The TPWS anaerobic threshold (PAT) was determined using the Dmax method. The PAT was correlated with the blood lactate anaerobic threshold (AT; r = .93, p < .05). No significant difference (p = .16) was observed between PAT and AT. Thus, TPWS provides a convenient and noninvasive matrix for determining the anaerobic threshold during incremental exercise tests. 相似文献
14.
To develop a track version of the maximal anaerobic running test, 10 sprint runners and 12 distance runners performed the test on a treadmill and on a track. The treadmill test consisted of incremental 20-s runs with a 100-s recovery between the runs. On the track, 20-s runs were replaced by 150-m runs. To determine the blood lactate versus running velocity curve, fingertip blood samples were taken for analysis of blood lactate concentration at rest and after each run. For both the treadmill and track protocols, maximal running velocity (v max), the velocities associated with blood lactate concentrations of 10 mmol x l-1 (v10 mM) and 5 mmol x l(-1) (v5 mM), and the peak blood lactate concentration were determined. The results of both protocols were compared with the seasonal best 400-m runs for the sprint runners and seasonal best 1000-m time-trials for the distance runners. Maximal running velocity was significantly higher on the track (7.57 +/- 0.79 m x s(-1)) than on the treadmill (7.13 +/- 0.75 m x s(-1)), and sprint runners had significantly higher vmax, v10 mM, and peak blood lactate concentration than distance runners (P < 0.05). The Pearson product--moment correlation coefficients between the variables for the track and treadmill protocols were 0.96 (v max), 0.82 (v10 mM), 0.70 (v5 mM), and 0.78 (peak blood lactate concentration) (P < 0.05). In sprint runners, the velocity of the seasonal best 400-m run correlated positively with vmax in the treadmill (r = 0.90, P < 0.001) and track protocols (r = 0.92, P < 0.001). In distance runners, a positive correlation was observed between the velocity of the 1000-m time-trial and vmax in the treadmill (r = 0.70, P < 0.01) and track protocols (r = 0.63, P < 0.05). It is apparent that the results from the track protocol are related to, and in agreement with, the results of the treadmill protocol. In conclusion, the track version of the maximal anaerobic running test is a valid means of measuring different determinants of sprint running performance. 相似文献
15.
Following preliminary indications that in some individuals arm exercise enhanced rather than reduced simultaneous leg endurance, ten young men and women performed three forms of intermittent work to volitional exhaustion, under duty cycles of 45 s work, 15 s rest. The protocols were as follows: (A) knee extensions at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC); (B) 30% MVC knee extensions combined with arm cranking at 130% of their own lactate threshold; (C) combined 30% MVC knee extensions and arm cranking at 20% of their own lactate threshold. Heart rate, oxygen uptake (VO(2)), and blood lactate concentration were among the variables recorded throughout. All physiological indicators of demand were substantially higher in protocol B than in protocols A or C [heart rate: (A) 154 beats . min(-1), (B) 171 beats . min(-1), (C) 150 beats . min(-1); VO(2): (A) 11.9 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1), (B) 21.7 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1), (C) 14.2 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1); blood lactate concentration: (A) 3.3 mmol . l(-1), (B) 5.1 mmol . l(-1), (C) 2.8 mmol . l(-1)], yet there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the endurance times between the three conditions [(A) 11.43 min, (B) 11.1 min, (C) 10.57 min] and seven participants endured longest in protocol B. Results from protocol (C) cast doubt on explanations in terms of psychological distraction. We suggest that lactic acid produced by the arms is shuttled to the legs and acts there either as a supplementary fuel source or as an antagonist to the depressing effects of increased potassium concentration. 相似文献
16.
The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity. 相似文献
17.
乳酸阈能够客观准确地反映出运动员的有氧工作能力,因此在运动训练活动中广为教练员和运动所采纳用以评定运动员的有氧工作能力。将乳酸阈应用于速度滑冰的运动训练当中,对个体乳酸阈值在速度滑冰训练中应用进行评定,并分别对运动员有氧工作能力、有氧和无氧耐力训练强度都进行了评定。提出实例来说明速滑专项耐力素质训练中利用乳酸阈训练提高速滑有氧耐力素质和速度耐力素质训练的方法和达到的效果,使乳酸阈训练方法更加有效地指导运动员的冬夏季各项训练,为提高速滑运动员专项耐力素质以取得优异的比赛成绩提供理论依据。 相似文献
18.
The purpose of the present study was to assess fitness and running performance in a group of recreational runners (men, n = 18; women, n = 13). 'Fitness' was determined on the basis of their physiological and metabolic responses during maximal and submaximal exercise. There were strong correlations between VO2 max and treadmill running speeds equivalent to blood lactate concentrations of 2 mmol l-1 (V-2 mM) or 4 mmol l-1 (V-4 mM), 'relative running economy' and 5 km times (r = -0.84), but modest and non-significant correlations between muscle fibre composition and running performance. The results of the submaximal exercise tests suggested that the female runners were as well trained as the male runners. However, the men still recorded faster 5 km times (19.20 +/- 1.97 min vs 20.97 +/- 1.70 min; P less than 0.05). Therefore the of the present study suggest that the faster performance times recorded by the men were best explained by their higher VO2 max values, rather than their training status per se. 相似文献
19.
Endurance running performance in athletes with asthma 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Laboratory assessment was made during maximal and submaximal exercise on 16 endurance trained male runners with asthma (aged 35 +/- 9 years) (mean +/- S.D.). Eleven of these asthmatic athletes had recent performance times over a half-marathon, which were examined in light of the results from the laboratory tests. The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) of the group was 61.8 +/- 6.3 ml kg-1 min-1 and the maximum ventilation (VEmax) was 138.7 +/- 24.7 l min-1. These maximum cardio-respiratory responses to exercise were positively correlated to the degree of airflow obstruction, defined as the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (expressed as a percentage of predicted normal). The half-marathon performance times of 11 of the athletes ranged from those of recreational to elite runners (82.4 +/- 8.8 min, range 69-94). Race pace was correlated with VO2max (r = 0.863, P less than 0.01) but the highest correlation was with the running velocity at a blood lactate concentration of 2 mmol l-1 (r = 0.971, P less than 0.01). The asthmatic athletes utilized 82 +/- 4% VO2max during the half-marathon, which was correlated with the %VO2max at 2 mmol l-1 blood lactate (r = 0.817, P less than 0.01). The results of this study suggest that athletes with mild to moderate asthma can possess high VO2max values and can develop a high degree of endurance fitness, as defined by their ability to sustain a high percentage of VO2max over an endurance race. In athletes with more severe airflow obstruction, the maximum ventilation rate may be reduced and so VO2max may be impaired. The athletes in the present study have adapted to this limitation by being able to sustain a higher %VO2max before the accumulation of blood lactate, which is an advantage during an endurance race. Therefore, with appropriate training and medication, asthmatics can successfully participate in endurance running at a competitive level. 相似文献
20.
有氧能力的高低是马拉松跑者能否取得优异成绩的关键。最大摄氧量、乳酸阈和跑步经济性是衡量运动员有氧能力和耐力运动表现的关键指标，也是长跑训练效果的核心考量。由于力量和耐力训练对机体产生不同的训练刺激，教练员和运动员很少将力量训练作为提升耐力运动表现的手段，以防止有氧能力受到负面影响。通过对大量文献梳理发现，力量训练可以在不影响机体最大摄氧量和乳酸阈值的前提下，通过改善神经肌肉功能、转换肌纤维类型以及增强肌肉肌腱刚度和利用弹性势能的能力，提高跑步经济性和无氧能力，改善运动员耐力运动表现。本文基于对力量、耐力训练的生理学适应的探讨，总结不同形式力量训练对耐力运动表现的影响与作用机制，并为马拉松选手科学安排力量训练提出建议，从而优化其耐力运动表现。 相似文献