共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
最大摄氧量被视为有氧能力生理指标和耐力成绩指标.运动员的最大摄氧量与耐力成绩高度相关.然而,同项目运动员,如经过专业化训练的跑步运动员,其最大摄氧量与运动成绩的相关性则不是很高.为什么在最大摄氧量相近的个体中,耐力成绩却各不相同? 相似文献
2.
男子赛艇运动员与训练有关的有氧无氧能力和激素变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
观察了１５名男子赛艇运动员为期３０周训练中最大做功能力、最大乳酸值、最大摄氧量及心脏形态和功能的变化及相应时期的血清睾酮、游离睾酮、皮质醇的急慢性效应。在以力量训练为主的准备期，变化较小，以专项训练为主的准备期，心功能和有氧能力明显改善。最大负荷后及高强度训练１２周后，血清睾酮降低。提示在不同训练周期中力量—耐力训练应合理安排，有利于发挥机体适应能力。 相似文献
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就训练类型来讲，由于肌肉中肌纤维比例的不同，属于“耐力型”的运动员在马拉松比赛中的速度，常常接近他们的无氧阈速度，他们必须在平时努力提高自己的无氧阈水平，尤其是在运动成绩出现徘徊的时候，提高最大摄氧量就显得尤为重要。“速度型”运动员则相反，他们不需要提高他们的最大摄氧量和无氧阈速度。对“耐力型”运动员来讲，乳酸的产生会提高他们肌纤维中的“酸性”，从而导致在马拉松比赛中过早地消耗糖元储备。这种类型运动员应该将目标定位在加速乳酸的清除和提高肌纤维使用氧的能力上。 相似文献
4.
就训练类型来讲,由于肌肉中肌纤维比例的不同,属于"耐力型"的运动员在马拉松比赛中的速度,常常接近他们的无氧阈速度,他们必须在平时努力提高自己的无氧阈水平,尤其是在运动成绩出现徘徊的时候,提高最大摄氧量就显得尤为重要。"速度型"运动员则相反,他们不需要提高他们的最大摄氧量和无氧阈速度。对"耐力型"运动员来讲,乳酸的产生会提高他们肌纤维中 相似文献
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马拉松是一项极限耐力项目,运动员的最大摄氧量、乳酸阈和跑步经济性水平是决定该项目运动成绩的最重要的指标。本文通过认识马拉松项目的生理学决定因素,以期对科学提高耐力性项目运动员的竞技水平提供参考。一、前言全程为42.195公里的马拉松运动,是一个极限耐力性比赛项目。自1896年第一届现代奥运会上开设男子马拉松比赛项目以来,至今该项目已经走过了一百多年的历史。 相似文献
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1不同环境训练对有氧及无氧能力的影响
当前,很多项目的运动员包括马拉松都进行过高原训练。一般来说,当对高原环境适应之后,血红蛋白浓度和动脉氧饱和度会升高,从而导致最大氧转运能力提高,因此,人们期望通过高原训练使运动员的最大摄氧量和有氧耐力得到提高。但由于不同个体对低压低氧环境的适应能力不同，并不是所有高原训练都会取得成功。 相似文献
7.
运动员在从事耐力项目运动时，其能量供应来源主要依靠有氧代谢，因而有氧代谢能力的大小与耐力项目的运动成绩之间呈显著相关。长期以来，运动生理学家们把最大摄氧量（Ｖ０２ｍａｘ）作为衡量人体有氧能力水平的重要指标。有氧能力在各种运动项目中的重要性是不同的。现已证明，最大摄氧量的大小与耐力项目的运动成绩密切相关，最大摄氧量愈大，运动成绩愈好。 相似文献
8.
正马拉松是一项以有氧耐力为主的长时间耐力性项目,运动员的有氧耐力的好坏,直接影响成绩。耐力是基础中的基础,直接反映出一个运动员能源物质储备的大小,有氧代谢能力的高低及运动器官组织的抗疲劳能力的强弱。运动生理学分析:马拉松的供能形式是98%的有氧,无氧供能仅占2%。它的训练负荷应保持较高的耗氧水平,目的是打破摄氧量与需氧量之间的稳定状态,进一步提高有氧能力,在训练中需要进行高水平的耗氧训练以提高运动员的有氧代谢供能能力。在实际训练中无氧代谢练习仅占3%,有氧无氧混合练习占1 7%,而有氧代谢练习要占80%。科学地提高马拉松运动员的有氧耐力是目前亟待解决的问题。 相似文献
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以8名业余马拉松运动员为实验对象,设置实验组和对照组,在为期三个月的训练中使用心肺功能测试仪、功率车、气体分析仪等仪器测定运动员相关指标,从而得出两组别之间使用功率车参与训练与没有使用功率车参与训练的区别,通过对比分析得出结论：使用功率车参与训练能有效提高运动员的最大摄氧量,进而提高有氧耐力。此为业余马拉松运动员及教练员提供了一个新的训练方向,并有助于减少伤病的发生。在对业余马拉松运动员进行调查和观察中还发现,我国业余马拉松运动员在有氧耐力训练方面存在以下问题：训练方式单一、密度较小、排斥无氧耐力的发展等,这会导致身体姿势僵硬、对心脏泵血功能刺激较小、成绩提高慢的结果。使用为期三个月的功率车专门针对业余运动员进行有氧和无氧综合训练,结果显示：实验前后两组别的最大摄氧量和无氧阈值均有改变,使用功率车参与训练提高有氧耐力和无氧阈的效果明显优于传统训练方式。 相似文献
11.
Hoff J 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(6):573-582
Elite soccer players spend a substantial amount of time trying to improve physical capacities, including aerobic endurance and strength and the strength derivatives of speed and power. The average oxygen uptake for international soccer teams ranges from 55 to 68 ml.kg-1.min-1 and the half-squat maximal strength from 120 to 180 kg. These values are similar to those found in other team sports. Recently, it has been shown that the heart's stroke volume is the element in the oxygen chain that mainly limits aerobic endurance for athletes. These findings have given rise to more intensive training interventions to secure high stroke volumes, which, in turn, have proved positive in changing both maximal oxygen consumption and soccer performance in terms of distance covered, contacts with the ball and number of sprints in a game. The training employed has consisted of 4x4-min "intervals" running uphill at 90-95% of maximal heart rate interspersed with 3 min jogging at 70% of maximal heart rate to facilitate removal of lactate. Research has revealed that a soccer-specific training routine with the ball might be as effective as plain running. Strength training to produce neural adaptations has been effective in changing not only strength in terms of "one-repetition maximum", but also sprinting velocity and jumping height, in elite soccer players without any change in body mass. The same training has also improved running economy and thus aerobic endurance performance. The training regimen used for a European Champions League team was 4x4 repetitions of half-squats with the emphasis on maximal mobilization of force in the concentric action. 相似文献
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Mikkola J Vesterinen V Taipale R Capostagno B Häkkinen K Nummela A 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(13):1359-1371
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of heavy resistance, explosive resistance, and muscle endurance training on neuromuscular, endurance, and high-intensity running performance in recreational endurance runners. Twenty-seven male runners were divided into one of three groups: heavy resistance, explosive resistance or muscle endurance training. After 6 weeks of preparatory training, the groups underwent an 8-week resistance training programme as a supplement to endurance training. Before and after the 8-week training period, maximal strength (one-repetition maximum), electromyographic activity of the leg extensors, countermovement jump height, maximal speed in the maximal anaerobic running test, maximal endurance performance, maximal oxygen uptake ([V·]O(?max)), and running economy were assessed. Maximal strength improved in the heavy (P = 0.034, effect size ES = 0.38) and explosive resistance training groups (P = 0.003, ES = 0.67) with increases in leg muscle activation (heavy: P = 0.032, ES = 0.38; explosive: P = 0.002, ES = 0.77). Only the heavy resistance training group improved maximal running speed in the maximal anaerobic running test (P = 0.012, ES = 0.52) and jump height (P = 0.006, ES = 0.59). Maximal endurance running performance was improved in all groups (heavy: P = 0.005, ES = 0.56; explosive: P = 0.034, ES = 0.39; muscle endurance: P = 0.001, ES = 0.94), with small though not statistically significant improvements in [V·]O(?max) (heavy: ES = 0.08; explosive: ES = 0.29; muscle endurance: ES = 0.65) and running economy (ES in all groups < 0.08). All three modes of strength training used concurrently with endurance training were effective in improving treadmill running endurance performance. However, both heavy and explosive strength training were beneficial in improving neuromuscular characteristics, and heavy resistance training in particular contributed to improvements in high-intensity running characteristics. Thus, endurance runners should include heavy resistance training in their training programmes to enhance endurance performance, such as improving sprinting ability at the end of a race. 相似文献
14.
乳酸阈能够客观准确地反映出运动员的有氧工作能力,因此在运动训练活动中广为教练员和运动所采纳用以评定运动员的有氧工作能力。将乳酸阈应用于速度滑冰的运动训练当中,对个体乳酸阈值在速度滑冰训练中应用进行评定,并分别对运动员有氧工作能力、有氧和无氧耐力训练强度都进行了评定。提出实例来说明速滑专项耐力素质训练中利用乳酸阈训练提高速滑有氧耐力素质和速度耐力素质训练的方法和达到的效果,使乳酸阈训练方法更加有效地指导运动员的冬夏季各项训练,为提高速滑运动员专项耐力素质以取得优异的比赛成绩提供理论依据。 相似文献
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目的:探究3周海拔1550 m亚高原训练对优秀青年男子越野滑雪运动员生理机能和身体成分的影响,并且提出针对性的备战训练建议。方法:国家越野滑雪集训队10名优秀青年男子越野滑雪运动员[年龄(18.7±1.5)岁,身高(78.5±5.8)cm,体质量(66.6±4.7)kg]在亚高原(海拔1550 m)进行3周训练,并在亚高原训练前后对运动员的生理机能和身体成分进行系列测试。使用重复方差分析对运动员数据进行自身比较。结果:运动员由平原初上亚高原时,乳酸阈测试血乳酸浓度显著提升(P<0.05),最大摄氧量和红细胞浓度显著降低(P<0.05)。经过3周训练后,运动员的乳酸阈测试血乳酸浓度和最大摄氧量显著下降(P<0.05),全身总质量、上肢肌肉质量和下肢脂肪质量显著提升(P<0.05)。结论:由平原初上亚高原时,运动员乳酸阈能力和最大摄氧能力显著降低。3周亚高原训练后,运动员的乳酸阈能力和上肢肌肉水平显著提升,最大摄氧能力下降幅度明显。建议:在进行亚高原训练时,我国优秀青年越野滑雪运动员应当注重对心肺摄氧能力的训练,并且注意提升周平均高强度训练(high intensity training,HIT)训练总时间,以维持和提升最大摄氧能力。 相似文献
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目的:探究3周海拔1550 m亚高原训练对优秀青年男子越野滑雪运动员生理机能和身体成分的影响,并且提出针对性的备战训练建议。方法:国家越野滑雪集训队10名优秀青年男子越野滑雪运动员[年龄(18.7±1.5)岁,身高(78.5±5.8)cm,体质量(66.6±4.7)kg]在亚高原(海拔1550 m)进行3周训练,并在亚高原训练前后对运动员的生理机能和身体成分进行系列测试。使用重复方差分析对运动员数据进行自身比较。结果:运动员由平原初上亚高原时,乳酸阈测试血乳酸浓度显著提升(P<0.05),最大摄氧量和红细胞浓度显著降低(P<0.05)。经过3周训练后,运动员的乳酸阈测试血乳酸浓度和最大摄氧量显著下降(P<0.05),全身总质量、上肢肌肉质量和下肢脂肪质量显著提升(P<0.05)。结论:由平原初上亚高原时,运动员乳酸阈能力和最大摄氧能力显著降低。3周亚高原训练后,运动员的乳酸阈能力和上肢肌肉水平显著提升,最大摄氧能力下降幅度明显。建议:在进行亚高原训练时,我国优秀青年越野滑雪运动员应当注重对心肺摄氧能力的训练,并且注意提升周平均高强度训练(high intensity training,HIT)训练总时间,以维持和提升最大摄氧能力。 相似文献
17.
L-肉毒碱对足球运动员训练过程中生理机能的影响研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
以足球专项大学生为对象,采用双盲法分别口服Ｌ－肉毒碱和安慰剂３０天,观察训练前后身体机能及运动能力的变化。结果显示：大强度运动训练后对照组各项有氧能力指标均显著下降,呈明显的疲劳状态,而实验组最大摄氧量仍保持原水平,通气阈略上升,尤其是代表单纯有氧能力的通气阈时作功显著增大。研究表明,实验组有氧能力的改善主要是由于组织内脂肪供能的加强所致,而适当补充Ｌ－肉毒碱可能正是改善脂肪代谢的关键。 相似文献
18.
孙增春 《山东体育学院学报》2011,27(12):54-57
以天津商务职业学院24名男篮球队员为研究对象,通过跑台测试、因子分析法等,采用跑节省化、无氧阈和最大摄氧量对篮球运动员进行评价分析。结果显示:篮球运动员跑节省化的修正值在第一公因子中载荷最大,在第二、第三公因子中跑节省化相关指标的载荷量处于相对重要位置,在第四公因子中只有跑节省化时通气量;跑节省化、无氧阈和最大摄氧量三指标在评价篮球运动员有氧耐力时,跑节省化指标优势明显。提示:跑节省化可以作为评价篮球运动员有氧耐力的首选指标。 相似文献
19.
Jussi Mikkola Ville Vesterinen Ritva Taipale Benoit Capostagno Keijo Häkkinen Ari Nummela 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(13):1359-1371
Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of heavy resistance, explosive resistance, and muscle endurance training on neuromuscular, endurance, and high-intensity running performance in recreational endurance runners. Twenty-seven male runners were divided into one of three groups: heavy resistance, explosive resistance or muscle endurance training. After 6 weeks of preparatory training, the groups underwent an 8-week resistance training programme as a supplement to endurance training. Before and after the 8-week training period, maximal strength (one-repetition maximum), electromyographic activity of the leg extensors, countermovement jump height, maximal speed in the maximal anaerobic running test, maximal endurance performance, maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2max), and running economy were assessed. Maximal strength improved in the heavy (P = 0.034, effect size ES = 0.38) and explosive resistance training groups (P = 0.003, ES = 0.67) with increases in leg muscle activation (heavy: P = 0.032, ES = 0.38; explosive: P = 0.002, ES = 0.77). Only the heavy resistance training group improved maximal running speed in the maximal anaerobic running test (P = 0.012, ES = 0.52) and jump height (P = 0.006, ES = 0.59). Maximal endurance running performance was improved in all groups (heavy: P = 0.005, ES = 0.56; explosive: P = 0.034, ES = 0.39; muscle endurance: P = 0.001, ES = 0.94), with small though not statistically significant improvements in [Vdot]O2max (heavy: ES = 0.08; explosive: ES = 0.29; muscle endurance: ES = 0.65) and running economy (ES in all groups < 0.08). All three modes of strength training used concurrently with endurance training were effective in improving treadmill running endurance performance. However, both heavy and explosive strength training were beneficial in improving neuromuscular characteristics, and heavy resistance training in particular contributed to improvements in high-intensity running characteristics. Thus, endurance runners should include heavy resistance training in their training programmes to enhance endurance performance, such as improving sprinting ability at the end of a race. 相似文献