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Innovative, high-technology industries are commonly described as drivers of regional development. ‘Tech’ workers earn high wages, but they are also said to generate knock-on effects throughout the local economies that host them, spurring growth in jobs and wages in nontradable activities. At the same time, in iconic high-tech agglomerations like the San Francisco Bay Area, the home of Silicon Valley, the success of the tech industry creates tensions, in part as living costs rise beyond the reach of many non-tech workers. Across a large sample of U.S. cities, this paper explores these issues systematically. Combining annual data on wages, employment and prices from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Consumer Price Index, it estimates how growth in tradable tech employment affects the real, living-cost deflated wages of local workers in nontradable sectors. Results indicate that high-technology employment has significant, positive, but modest effects on the real wages of workers in nontradable sectors. These effects appear to be spread consistently across different kinds of nontradable activities. In terms of substantive wider impacts, tech appears benign, though fairly ineffectual. 相似文献
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本文以美国硅谷作为高新技术产业开发区的一个范例,探讨了高新技术产业开发区产业簇群发展的条件。并结合我国的情况,指出了高新技术产业开发区内产业簇群发展中存在的问题,提出了相应的对策建议。 相似文献
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Stephen B. Adams 《Research Policy》2011,40(3):368-379
What are the respective roles of indigenous and exogenous factors in the development of high-tech regions? Entrepreneurs and their start-ups have dominated Silicon Valley's economy in recent decades, but a different dynamic was at work from 1940 to 1965, when the Valley emerged as a formidable high-tech region. In key industries (electronics, semiconductors, computers, and aerospace) that defined Silicon Valley as a high-tech cluster during that period, companies based elsewhere played critical roles in planting the organizations that would - through the innovations they made, the technical talent they attracted, and the start-ups they spun off - help make the Valley the world's most admired and emulated high-tech region. 相似文献
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美国硅谷是世界著名的高科技中心.经过半个多世纪的发展,如今这里汇聚了一万多家高科技公司和66万工程师,形成了一个高度发达的技术社会.在硅谷漫长的发展过程中,华人及华人群体功不可磨.他们展示出来的硬实力和软实力令人赞叹.本文以多元文化的视角比较详细的分析了硅谷华人群体软实力的现状、形态和特点,提出的一些建议和对策,这有利于我国在实施国家软实力战略中高度重视这一特殊群体的作用. 相似文献
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知识溢出与高新区科技人力资源流动研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以高新区科技人力资源流动为研究对象,结合区域知识溢出理论,探讨高新区内部科技人力资源流动机制。同时,依据硅谷计算机科技人力资源流动模型,对高新区科技人力资源流动进行分析,提出基于知识溢出的高新区科技人力资源流动对策,为高新区发展提供借鉴。 相似文献
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硅谷高技术产业成功的根源既不能单纯地归结为技术创新，亦不能单纯地归纳为制度创新，而应归结为高技术与创新制度的完美结合。硅谷的技术优势已被广泛认同，本文着重从生产结构、企业内部组织制度和“产学关系”三个角度概括硅谷的主要制度优势。硅谷模式对我们的重要启示是：深化经济体制改革、创新企业内部组织制度、培育风险资本市场是推动我国高技术产业健康、快速发展的最为紧迫的任务。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(1):104645
This paper explores the relationship between innovation and wages using Brazil’s employer–employee census (RAIS) and a novel measure of innovation derived from the share of technical and scientific occupations of workers. The results show a robust and positive wage premium associated with innovative firms. The decomposition of this innovation-related wage premium suggests that it is larger for workers in manufacturing, although also positive and significant for those in agriculture and services; and larger for large firms. More importantly, the paper explores the causality between innovation and wages. First, we find some empirical support for “self-selection” — firms that innovate already pay higher wages before becoming innovators. Second, we find strong evidence of wage increases associated with starting innovation activity, which are persistent for three years after firms start innovating. Innovation pays off also for workers. 相似文献
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硅谷被公认为是创新和增长的代名词,也是全球重要的颠覆性创新中心之一,苹果、英特尔、谷歌等硅谷企业更是行业翘楚。如何解释硅谷能够持续性产生颠覆性创新这一现象？结合现实需求和研究缺口,试图运用案例研究方法来破解硅谷企业通过创新生态系统持续实现颠覆性创新的密码。首先回顾了硅谷的起源,并描绘了硅谷由企业牵引的创新演进轨迹。其次,归纳了近20年来硅谷企业的代表性颠覆性创新的基本特征,并提炼了影响这些颠覆性创新的共性要素。研究结果表明：（1）构建新颖且强大的企业创新生态系统,是推动硅谷企业从“后发者”到“颠覆者”的关键路径;（2）嵌入平台化思维和模块化逻辑,是提升硅谷企业创新生态系统独特性的重要机制。文章最后给出了研究结论并凝练了若干管理启示,可为当前积极探索颠覆性创新的我国企业提供参考。 相似文献
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中国知识产权保护对高技术产业竞争力影响的实证研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据改进过的GP指标测算我国知识产权保护强度结果显示,我国知识产权保护水平逐年增强。以RCA指数衡量的我国高技术产业竞争力基本呈上升趋势。对知识产权保护与高技术产业竞争力关系的实证研究结果表明:知识产权保护强度与高技术产业竞争力之间具有显著的正向关系,政府的支持力度、R&D经费强度和专利密度与高技术产业竞争力也呈正向关系,而R&D人力强度与高技术产业竞争力呈负向关系。文章最后提出了以知识产权保护提升高技术产业竞争力的政策建议。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(7):104533
This paper investigates the impact of investment in automation- and AI-related goods on within-firm wage inequality in the French economy during the 2002–2017 period. We document that most wage inequality in France is accounted for by differences among workers belonging to the same firm rather than by differences between sectors, firms, and occupations. Using an event-study approach on a sample of firms importing automation- and AI-related goods, we find that spike events related to the adoption of automation- and AI-related capital goods are not followed by an increase in within-firm wage inequality or in gender wage inequality. Instead, wages increase by 1% three years after the events at different percentiles of the distribution. Our findings are not linked to the rent-sharing behavior of firms obtaining productivity gains from automation and AI adoption. Instead, if wage gains do not differ across workers along the wage distribution, worker heterogeneity will still be present. Indeed, in agreement with the framework in Abowd et al. (1999b), most of the overall wage increase is due to the hiring of new employees. This adds to previous findings presenting a picture of a ‘labor friendly’ effect of the latest wave of new technologies within adopting firms. 相似文献
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运用2000-2016年中国制造业15个细分行业面板数据,从垂直(前向、后向)和水平两个维度测算产业间R&D溢出量,考察多维产业间R&D溢出对制造业TFP的影响及人力资本门槛效应,并探讨产业间溢出效应的行业异质性。研究发现,从整体来看,各类产业间溢出都有助于TFP增长,但产业自身的研发投入仍是影响TFP的核心因素;人力资本制约产业间溢出效应,并使其具有非线性特征,食品和烟草制造业等6个低技术产业的人力资本水平有待提高;分行业研究发现,高技术产业TFP增长主要依靠自身研发存量,行业间R&D溢出没有呈现出良性循环,低技术产业则更多地依赖关联行业的技术进步,而内生创新动力不足。 相似文献
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20世纪80年代,邓小平做出战略决策,国家制定"863计划",中国高技术创新和产业发展开始起步。在经历30年的成长期后,我国高技术产业的增加值占GDP比重达4.9%,成为国民经济重要的支柱性产业。高技术产业呈现出增加值高增长、就业高增长的态势,并在高技术产业增加值、产品出口额、出口增加值各方面都实现了对美国的追赶和超越。这主要得益于高技术产业与经济增长的相互促进与互补带动,表现为经济发展与高技术产业发展生命周期趋势的一致性。此外,高技术产业具有明显的外部性,起到了促进制造业高增长、改善经济结构、推动贸易发展转型、发挥技术溢出效应的作用。高技术产业已成为我国国民经济发展的先导产业、重要的支柱产业与新的增长引擎。展望未来,实现高技术产业由大变强,由多变优,由粗变精,由跟随变为引领,在质量创新等方面赶超美国。 相似文献
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为探讨广深科技创新走廊与美国硅谷的智能效率差距,采用两地的上市公司数据,运用DEA-Malmquist模型和固定效应回归分析法测量其智能效率,并实证其智能效率的来源和影响因素,研究发现,考察期内两地的智能效率、技术进步、纯技术效率和规模效率均得到优化。硅谷的智能效率主要来源于技术进步,走廊的智能效率主要来源于纯技术效率改善。影响因素对两地智能效率的影响迥异,相对硅谷,影响因素对走廊的影响更为强烈,他们主要通过对规模效率和纯技术效率来影响硅谷的智能效率,而通过技术进步和规模效率来影响走廊的智能效率。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2019,48(9):103803
Do low-skilled workers benefit from the growth of high-technology industries in their local economy? Policymakers invest considerable resources in attracting and developing innovative, high-tech industries, but there is relatively little evidence on the distribution of the benefits. This paper investigates the labour market impact of high-tech growth on low and mid-skilled workers, using data on UK local labour markets from 2009–2015. It shows that high-tech industries – either STEM-intensive ‘high-tech’ or digital economy – have a positive jobs multiplier, with each 10 new high-tech jobs creating around 7 local non-tradeable service jobs, around 6 of which go to low-skilled workers. Employment rates for mid-skilled workers do not increase, but they benefit from higher wages. Yet while low-skilled workers gain from higher employment rates, the jobs are often poorly paid service work, so average wages fall, particularly when increased housing costs are considered. 相似文献
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新经济背景下,作为我国制造业最具创新活力的高新技术产业亟需高等工程教育来提升其产业动态竞争力。基于动态能力理论,运用自回归滞后修正模型(ARDL-ECM),对2000—2017年我国高等工程教育与高新技术产业动态竞争力之间的稳定性关系进行研究,结果表明:高等工程教育工科硕士毕业生和高校科研课题均对高新技术产业动态竞争力有显著影响,高校知识产权对高新技术产业动态竞争力影响不显著。为此,提出扩大工科硕士研究生规模、深化产学协调机制、完善科技成果转化制度等相关建议。 相似文献
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本文以信息化和工业化的融合发展为切入点,探究中国制造业全球价值链升级路径,实证检验信息化嵌入对制造业全球价值链参与的影响及作用机制。结果显示：信息化嵌入能显著推动制造业显性比较优势的提高,主要通过技术创新和劳动力成本实现;对制造业整体来说,信息化嵌入通过劳动力成本中介增强制造业全球价值链参与中的显性比较优势;信息化嵌入的影响及传导机制作用于不同技术水平制造业时具有显著差异,高技术制造业与信息化结合更好,技术创新和劳动力成本的中介效应显著,低技术制造业技术水平低、信息化结合能力弱,中介效应不显著。 相似文献