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1.
This paper analyses urban waste systems to explore how local authorities can resolve challenges related to climate change, urbanization and resource depletion. The paper investigates how different public governance regimes affect local authorities’ ability to move upwards in the waste hierarchy. It identifies three different governance regimes – traditional bureaucracy, new public management and networked governance – and uses the insights from innovation in urban waste in three Norwegian city regions – Oslo, Drammen and Bergen – to illuminate how these regimes possess both strengths and weaknesses in how they affect system optimization and system change. The observed working practices signal that the issue of urban waste systems is perceived as a challenge of system optimization rather than system change. Viewing this as a challenge requiring system change would probably have ensured a stronger directionality and a broader anchoring of actors. Such an approach is likely to have arrived at a waste prevention mode earlier than the step-by-step-solutions implemented so far. The paper concludes that there is not one best governance regime, but a need to acknowledge their co-existence and carefully consider the characteristics of the respective regimes in order to arrange urban waste systems for long-term dynamic and sustainable city regions. 相似文献
2.
智慧城市是一个复杂的创新生态系统,面临从竞争优势构建转向可持续发展的各种挑战。已有的动态能力研究尚未深入探讨创新生态系统情境下的独特动态能力及其对城市可持续性的影响机制。研究通过分析来自浙江省的三个智慧城市案例,剖析了案例城市如何发展动态能力、组合使用动态能力以实现智慧城市创新生态系统可持续发展。案例研究识别了三组智慧城市创新生态系统的动态能力,分别是生态系统感知能力、生态系统捕获能力和生态系统重新配置能力。在此基础上,研究提出了动态能力分析框架,生态主通过协同技术创新和制度公平的统一价值主张,协同顶层设计和基层创新的多元参与机制,协同数据开放和数据保护的数字治理机制,实现城市的可持续发展。研究将动态能力的作用边界从组织内部延伸至创新生态系统,将动态能力的后果分析从竞争力构建转向城市创新生态系统的可持续发展,拓展了动态能力和创新生态系统研究,为智慧城市的研究增加了新的维度。 相似文献
3.
The aim of this article is to develop a model of change in urban context to map key steps towards changing an institutional logic: How can new ideas that aim at changing the dominant logic become practice in a city? To this end, the article explores the innovation process of institutions, thereby bringing together areas of research on institutional entrepreneurship, innovation processes, and transformation. Our model interlinks invention, innovation and adoption of new institutions to achieve a new institutional logic for more sustainable development in a city. We introduce ‘workset’ as an interim step between action and practice and identify local adopters as key for diffusion. We illustrate our framework using a case study of urban institutional entrepreneurship in the socio-economic system of a German city. Our findings indicate that the roles of local institutional entrepreneurs and local adopters partly overlap, that worksets are crucial for broader diffusion of new institutions, and that a robust design supports the adoption of the institutional innovation. 相似文献
4.
While extant research discusses how niche innovations develop in protected market niches and trigger regime shifts along sustainability transition pathways, we know less about the direct role of different niche actors as competitors in affecting regime incumbents’ investments in niche innovations. This study addresses this gap and builds on Strategic Niche Management and the Multi-level Perspective to distinguish two different niche actors: prosumers on the demand-side applying a niche innovation in a disruptive way to regime incumbents’ business model, and new entrants on the supply-side applying the niche innovation symbiotically with the regime. We examine incumbent responses to these different niche actors in different competitive and policy environments. Studying the United States’ electricity industry's sustainability transition toward solar from 2010-2017, we find that as more niche actors enter, regime incumbents are more likely to invest in the niche innovation, but the effect is influenced by policy and competitiveness of the environment. In competitive environments, incumbents are more likely to respond to disruptive niche actors (prosumers), while in traditional monopoly-like markets they are more likely to respond to symbiotic niche actors. We also find that the prosumer effect is stronger when the time that policies in support of the niche innovation have existed is shorter, indicating a potential substituting relationship of niche actors and policy. Our work contributes to the extant literature by demonstrating that the interplay between different niche actors needs to be understood within the context of policy, and that considering policy without accounting for the competitive environment may omit an important aspect of how regime actors become active participants in sustainability transitions. 相似文献
5.
Intermediary actors have been proposed as key catalysts that speed up change towards more sustainable socio-technical systems. Research on this topic has gradually gained traction since 2009, but has been complicated by the inconsistency regarding what intermediaries are in the context of such transitions and which activities they focus on, or should focus on. We briefly elaborate on the conceptual foundations of the studies of intermediaries in transitions, and how intermediaries have been connected to different transition theories. This shows the divergence – and sometimes a lack – of conceptual foundations in this research. In terms of transitions theories, many studies connect to the multi-level perspective and strategic niche management, while intermediaries in technological innovation systems and transition management have been much less explored. We aim to bring more clarity to the topic of intermediaries in transitions by providing a definition of transition intermediaries and a typology of five intermediary types that is sensitive to the emergence, neutrality and goals of intermediary actors as well as their context and level of action. Some intermediaries are specifically set up to facilitate transitions, while others grow into the role during the process of socio-technical change. Based on the study, as an important consideration for future innovation governance, we argue that systemic and niche intermediaries are the most crucial forms of intermediary actors in transitions, but they need to be complemented by a full ecology of intermediaries, including regime-based transition intermediaries, process intermediaries and user intermediaries. 相似文献
6.
智慧城市发展策略研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
2008年IBM提出智慧城市理念及愿景后,建设智慧城市很快成为世界各国及城市在金融危机后寻求新一轮发展的重大战略举措。智慧城市不仅能引发新一轮技术创新及物联网产业发展,促进城市经济社会发展智慧化,而且能促进城市建设管理智慧化,使人类以更加精细和动态的方式管理城市生产与生活,为居民创造更加美好的城市生活。简要介绍智慧城市产生背景、内涵和特征,分析对城市发展产生的影响和面临问题,提出包括加快智慧城市基础设施建设、物联网技术研发及产业、社会发展和城市管理智慧化、重点领域应用示范等发展策略,为智慧城市赢在未来夯实基础。 相似文献
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[目的/意义]研究面向城市应急管理的情报能力建设问题，既是大数据时代城市应急管理变革的基本要求，也是实现城市智慧应急的重要途径，能够推动应急管理情报支持的理论创新与实践应用。[方法/过程]立足情报能力与城市应急管理之间的逻辑关系，阐释城市应急管理情报能力的内涵，从多维视域探讨城市应急管理情报能力建设的主要内容，分析新时代城市应急管理情报能力建设的发展机遇。[结果/结论]情报能力建设是城市应急管理的关键支撑。城市应急管理情报能力建设涉及情报资源、情报人员、情报管理、情报技术、情报实战等多方面的内容。目前，应抓住新型智慧城市建设与情报治理创新两个方向的发展机遇，支持城市应急管理情报能力的综合提升。 相似文献
8.
国家创新型城市试点政策逐渐向全国推广,然而在中国独特的治理结构下这种实验主义治理能否转化为治理效能,其空间溢出效果如何,鲜有从实证的角度进行研究。本研究基于270个地级及以上城市的面板数据,将国家创新型城市试点设立作为自然实验,运用双重差分法考察其政策效果,研究结果表明：（1）国家创新型城市试点政策对城市创新力的提升作用显著,但动态效应显示,这种政策效应有逐年减弱趋势。（2）异质性检验结果表明,创新型城市试点政策效果在东、中、西三个地区呈现差序格局。（3）进一步的空间杜宾效应研究表明,创新型城市试点政策具有空间溢出效应,不仅促进了试点地区的城市创新力的提升,而且对相邻城市创新力提升影响显著。金融发展水平、产业结构都可以有效地促进本地创新水平,且对邻近地区具有溢出效应,而人力资本则对邻近地区创新力提升具有挤出效应。稳健性检验支持上述的结论。基于实证结果,提出推动创新型城市有序扩散,强化政策的空间辐射效应;设计创新型城市政策的梯度发展战略,促进地区间的协同发展等政策建议。 相似文献
9.
实施创新型城市试点政策对于创新型城市建设具有推动作用,但是有关创新型城市建设对城市绿色发展影响的研究较为少见。文章使用2005—2019年长三角城市群24个城市的面板数据,在构建城市绿色发展评价指标体系的基础上,采用熵权TOPSIS测度分析了长三角城市群的绿色发展绩效。此外,文章将创新型城市试点政策作为一项准自然实验,并运用空间双重差分模型研究其对长三角城市群绿色发展绩效的影响机制。结果显示：（1）长三角城市群的绿色发展绩效整体偏低,并且绿色发展绩效均值在地区和城市之间存在空间异质性;（2）创新型城市试点政策对城市绿色发展绩效存在促进效应,同时会对周边城市的绿色发展绩效产生正向空间溢出效应,并且其稳健性得到检验;（3）绿色技术创新和产业结构升级在创新型城市试点政策对城市绿色发展绩效的影响机制中发挥了多重中介效应,并且绿色技术创新的中介效应比例更高。 相似文献
10.
进入以城市文明为主导的城市社会后,我国城市发展面临的问题主要有城市经济发展的粗放式、低端化,公共设施与公共服务供给不足,城市管理的复杂性、难度不断增大,城市资源与环境问题严峻,城市的无序扩张与空间功能失衡等。智慧城市建设从发展战略、经济发展、社会发展、基础设施、空间规划五大方面推进智能感知、互联互通、创新应用,推动城市系统的优化提升,为解决城市社会来临后城市发展面临的难题提供了有效的方法与路径。通过加强智慧城市发展战略的研究、规划与实施,部署完备的保障体系,保证智慧城市建设的有效推进。 相似文献
11.
The governance of sustainable socio-technical transitions 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
A quasi-evolutionary model of socio-technical transitions is described in which regimes face selection pressures continuously. Differentiated transition contexts determine the form and direction of regime change in response to these pressures. The articulation of pressures, and the degree to which responses are coordinated and based on resources available within the regime, define the transition context. Four alternative contexts are described: endogenous renewal; re-orientation of trajectories; emergent transformation and purposive transitions. Agency and power in the governance of regime transformation are analysed. Power to affect change depends on regime membership, the distribution of resources for change and expectations. 相似文献
12.
经济全球化快速发展使得城市之间的各类联系日益增多,要实现城市的智慧发展,不能仅关注城市内部的创新,也要重视其在整体网络中的表现。在城市网络理论视域下,采用社会网络分析法,将智慧城市在城市网络中的位置与作用定义为其外部智慧性,并以2016年中国193个试点智能城市为样本,利用主要企业总部-分公司布址数据构建智慧城市网络,探究智慧城市的外部智慧性对其内部智慧性绩效评估的影响与作用机理。研究发现,智慧城市在网络中的点入度、点出度、结构洞与互惠性等属性均对其内部智慧性的评估结果有显著的影响作用。新兴智慧城市要提升综合竞争力,应该识别自身的网络定位,增强与其他城市的联系与合作,形成内外联动,实现智慧城市发展的各项目标。 相似文献
13.
宽带基础设施建设对城市创新能力的影响 《科学学研究》2021,39(11):2089-2100
本文立足于当前新基建的背景,借助中国2009—2017年283个地级及以上城市的面板数据,运用“渐进性”双重差分模型实证检验了“宽带中国”示范城市建设对创新能力的影响。研究发现,“宽带中国”示范城市建设显著提高了城市创新能力,在经过平行趋势检验、安慰剂检验、PSM-DID方法估计以及其他稳健性检验后,研究结论依然稳健。机制检验结果表明,“宽带中国”示范城市建设能显著提高城市互联网发展水平,进而驱动了城市创新能力的提升。进一步研究发现,“宽带中国”示范城市建设对城市创新能力的影响存在异质性,创新效应在东部地区城市、等级较高城市、规模较大城市以及互联网发展水平较高城市更加显著。本文的研究为中国进一步深入实施“宽带中国”示范城市建设政策、提高国家自主创新能力、加快建设创新型国家提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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15.
《Research Policy》2019,48(10):103612
The policy mix concept has become popular in innovation policy literature. It is particularly relevant for complex challenges such as sustainable industrial transitions that require joined-up interventions from different policy domains. Yet finding the right policy mix for a given challenge is strongly conditioned by the governance context in which individual policies emerge and evolve over time. In particular, the evaluation of policy mixes in a regional context is often neglected.This paper aims to deepen understanding of the interaction between governance processes and policy mix evaluation in the specific context of smart specialisation strategies. These newly popular regional innovation strategies are ideal laboratories for analysing policy mixes due to their place-based nature, their directionality, their experimental character and potential orientation towards grand societal challenges, and their complex governance context.The paper builds on the smart specialisation literature, the innovation policy and policy evaluation literature, and the literature on governance in pluralistic contexts to build a conceptual framework for analysing the governance of policy-mix evaluation. The conceptual arguments are illustrated by the Basque Country case in Spain, providing insights on the establishment of a strategic innovation policy mix evaluation process in a complex setting of institutions and actors. 相似文献
16.
透过社会-技术范式视角,低碳转型是一个打破高碳锁定、从高碳的社会-技术范式向低碳的社会-技术范式转型的过程。这一过程是多要素参与、复杂、动态和长周期的。从多层视角来看,转型过程离不开三个层面的相互作用：利基（niche）培育了破坏式低碳创新,使之成为推动范式更迭的内在动量;地景（landscape）对高碳社会-技术范式施加压力,为低碳创新的成长提供了机会之窗;最终原先主导的高碳社会-技术范式瓦解,高碳“锁定”被打破,新的动态稳定的低碳社会-技术范式形成。中国汽车低碳交通转型的案例,说明了社会-技术范式及多层视角对上述复杂和不确定性过程进行认知和分析时的有效性。相关行动者特别是政策制定者在引导低碳转型时,需要改变相对线性的技术替代认识论立场及相应的政策手段,采用范式更替的认识论立场和转型策略。 相似文献
17.
Jadranka Švarc 《Research Policy》2006,35(1):144-159
This paper discusses the roles of socio-political factors and related public policies in the economic growth of Croatia, as well as their influence on its transition to a knowledge economy (KE). The Croatian experience might help to understand transition processes in other Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs). This paper argues that Croatia has failed to capitalize on its inherited science base, which could have been used as a starting point in the transition towards a KE, because it has not made the shift from an obsolete socialist-style science policy to a modern innovation policy (IP); the latter is seen as the new policy paradigm necessary for structural adjustment to a KE.Covert socio-political growth factors shaped by the country-specific historical heritage of Croatia have prevented the recognition of the need for structural adjustment to the new technology regime, and have led to the belief that the IP is not only irrelevant but is also a relict of the state interventionism inherited from socialism, which was the most serious obstacle to policy reform.Examples drawn from the development of the IP and the National System of Innovation (NSI) in Croatia, which shares the socialist model of science policy and the socio-political context of the transition towards a market economy with other CEECs, can help to explain the failure of the IP. In the Croatian case, the decisive factors were the social state of so-called “semi-modernism” and the governance of the so-called “de-industrializing elite”.This paper concludes that the transition of a CEEC from a market economy to a KE requires a serious re-design of development policy, the effectiveness of which depends on social change determined by the political recognition and social assimilation of the new technological regime. In this sense, the current paper contributes to the understanding of the roles of social capital and governance in the economic growth of post-socialist countries. 相似文献
18.
A “meta-innovation system” has emerged in Brazil, comprising multiple sources of initiative: top-down, bottom-up and lateral. Meta-innovation explains why the same organizational mechanism, successful in one context, may be relatively ineffective or even a blockage to innovation in another. An incubator movement arose in the transition from the large-scale technology projects of the former military regime. The incubator was reconfigured from its original high-tech focus to a broader set of purposes by University-industry-government actors. Business and social goals were aligned in a development model that has potential for transfer to other countries. 相似文献
19.
充分发挥党建引领作用,提升社会治理创新能力,是全面贯彻落实习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想、完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要内容。目前,全国不少地方都做了一些有益的探索和实践,但城市基层党建在引领社会治理创新过程中还存在基层党建仍有薄弱环节、党建共建机制作用尚未充分发挥、社会治理能力和水平亟待提升等问题。新时代通过党的建设新的伟大工程引领社会治理创新,需要进一步强化基层党建引领,进而在治理理念转变、治理模式融合、治理体系完善、治理科技支撑等方面共同发力,不断增强党的长期执政能力,巩固党在城市的执政基础、增进广大人民群众福祉,实现社会治理现代化。 相似文献
20.
《Research Policy》2023,52(7):104818
Transformative innovation policies can provide systemic solutions to socio-environmental challenges because of their “experimental”, “reflexive” and “inclusive” character. We contend that social enterprises can act as catalysts for transformative innovation for the geographically and socially marginalized. Thus, including social enterprises in transformative innovation policies can mitigate the negative effects of innovation-based growth, making policies more socially and geographically inclusive. Following a syncretic approach to the literatures on transformative innovation policies and social entrepreneurship, this paper identifies the key dimensions of social enterprises' transformative innovation potential: directionality (i.e., social goals as the purpose of innovation); social and geographical inclusiveness (i.e., the inclusion of marginalized areas and individuals in the provision of goods or services); reflexivity (in terms of participatory governance and monitoring the achievement of goals); and experimental character (in terms of establishing partnerships with heterogeneous actors). We then assess this capacity through an exploratory cluster analysis of Italian social enterprises. We identify three distinct groups that suggest a range of entrepreneurial approaches from largely transformative to not at all. The transformative innovation readiness of social enterprises has implications for policymakers seeking to undertake pilot schemes and implement actions that support an appropriately transformative innovation ecosystem. 相似文献