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归因训练研究的理论综述 总被引：27，自引：1，他引：26
归因训练成上前归因研究的重要领域。作者对归因训练的指导原则、研究历程和发民菜方向等做了较为系统和深入的分析评述,针对归因训练的理论发展提出了以下理论构想;在模式;探索新的归因训练方法;结合归因效果论开展研究;检验归因训练效果的保持和迁移性。 相似文献
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体育教学中归因研究的现状与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对体育教学中的学生归因、归因训练和教师与学生的归因关系的研究现状进行了综述.指出体育教学中的归因研究多偏重学生的归因及其训练,对教师与学生的归因偏差研究薄弱.提出该领域未来研究的发展方向. 相似文献
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姜玉玲 《山东体育学院学报》2006,22(5):62-64
归因与人的情感、动机、态度、自信心以及行为等有着密切的联系。为了使竞技体育领域内的归因训练得到卓有成效的开展，充分发挥出归因训练的积极效应，必须把握好归因训练中的几个关键问题和训练要领：明确归因训练的目标；选择有效的归因训练方法；拓展努力归因，加强方法、策略归因；控制归因偏差；发展运动员认知技能。 相似文献
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归因研究成为目前运动心理学研究的重要领域,从归因理论入手,综述了运动中归因研究的现状,分析了影响运动员归因的各个因素以及归因对运动员后继行为产生的影响,为运动员的心理训练提供了有力的理论依据。 相似文献
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本文通过问卷调查法、文献资料法、访谈法和数理统计法分析了归因理论在健美操教学中的应用。对教师加强自我归因、引导学生进行正确的归因以及在健美操教学中进行归因训练,对激发学生学习的积极性、提高健美操教学质量具有积极意义。 相似文献
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本研究实验性的将归因训练引入到体院排球教学中,针对学生个性特点、归因水平,运用相关的归因理论,通过恰当、系统的归因训练来调整和优化学生的归因模式,使大学生的成败归因方式发生了积极性的变化:成功归因于内部稳定的因素能力、努力;失败归因于内部可控的因素努力、方法策略。最终,大学生体育学习中存在的学习动机不正确、学习习惯不良、恐惧、信心不足、焦虑、担心、困惑等学习心理障碍得到了缓解。归因训练后大学生体育学习自我效能、学业成绩得到了不同程度的提高。 相似文献
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本文通过对归因理论及归因三个维度对情绪影响的的进一步理解、分析,从而从三个方面：确定归因训练的目标;采用有效地归因训练方法;积极正确归因着手切入分析归因训练在运动领域的运用。 相似文献
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自归因理论提出以来,显示了其巨大的生命力。笔者对归因理论的来源及发展,归因理论国内、外的研究现状及体育运动领域中的研究现状进行了文献综述。对现阶段体育运动领域中归因研究现状做一个简单回顾并展望对未来运动归因研究的方向。 相似文献
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"归因训练"在高校乒乓球选项课中的运用 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
郭建强 《体育成人教育学刊》2005,21(1):20-21
将归因训练的理论及方法运用在高校乒乓球选项课教学中，符合教学的巩固性、实践性原则和现代自控式教学原则。通过教学实验表明，归因训练对乒乓球选项课的作用明显优于传统教学方法，值得推广。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献