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1.
肥胖发生的可能机制与控制手段 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
肥胖的形成与发展受多种因素影响,其过程非常复杂。笔者综述了肥胖机制研究中有代表性和一定影响的几种学说,以及应用较为普遍的几种减肥方法,特别是运动减肥对人体带来的各种影响。 相似文献
2.
肥胖趋势愈演愈烈,不仅损害儿童的身体形态和健康,对心理发展也产生了巨大影响。文章归纳了肥胖对儿童心理产生的作用,并分析了身体锻炼对肥胖儿童的心理健康效益,锻炼影响肥胖儿童的认知、情绪、人格、自我评价和人际关系与社会适应等方面,改善肥胖儿童心理健康。在此基础上,分析了研究的局限之处,为进一步研究肥胖儿童的心理发展和运动干预肥胖儿童的心理效益提供参考。 相似文献
3.
肥胖的成因、危害及减肥手段 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
肥胖是当今运动医学、预防医学、临床医学、保健康复学关注的焦点,肥胖的形成与发展受多种因素影响,其根本原因是能量不平衡,即食物摄人与能量消耗间的失衡。该文综述了肥胖机制研究中具有代表性的几种学说,以及较为普遍的几种减肥方法,特别是运动减肥对人体的影响。 相似文献
4.
国内外许多研究表明，根据肥胖的病因可将肥胖分为单纯性肥胖和继发性肥胖两大类型。由于两种类型肥胖的发病原因、症状特征等均不相同，因而在制定运动处方时，必须针对患的具体情况、因人而异。本主要针对单纯性肥胖制定了相应的运动处方，旨在为单纯性肥胖患实施运动疗法提供具体的指导和良好的建议。 相似文献
5.
《西安体育学院学报》2017,(3):348-353
目的研究探讨群体运动对青春启动前期肥胖学生身体形态、自我意识的影响,探索干预过程中肥胖儿童的身体形态变化与自我意识变化之间的共变关系。方法运用儿童自我意识量表对60名9~11岁小学生进行调查,其中正常体质量26名,单纯性肥胖34名(肥胖对照组与肥胖干预组各17名)。肥胖干预组进行了每周4次、每次60%~70%HRmax强度的群体有氧运动,干预周期共22周,同时从身体形态、自我意识分析干预效应及之间的关系。结果肥胖学生的自我意识水平低于正常体质量学生;群体运动干预在改善肥胖学生身体形态(身体脂肪比率和身体质量指数)的同时,自我意识水平得到了提高和改善,且与身体质量指数、身体脂肪比率呈显著负关系。突出体现在自我意识总分、行为、智力与学校情况、躯体外貌与属性维度上。结论群体运动干预有效提高青春启动前期肥胖学生的自我意识水平,降低身体脂肪比率和BMI值,两者存在共变关系。 相似文献
6.
肥胖,绝大多数属于单纯性肥胖。导致单纯性肥胖最根本的原因是机体能量代谢失衡,脂肪过度堆积。肥胖已日益成为当今社会严重威胁人类健康的重要因素,运动减肥是最有效、最宜于健康的,而且副作用最小。本文针对单纯性肥胖人群运动减肥的机制及方法进行了探讨。 相似文献
7.
目的:从运动与非运动群体层面分析北京市肥胖中小学生自我认识水平与特点,为研究体育锻炼促进肥胖中小学生自我认识水平和心理健康水平发展提供参考依据.方法:采用儿童青少年自我认识量表对北京市972名肥胖中小学生进行调查.结果:①北京市肥胖中小学生的体貌、运动自我维度和总体自我认识的平均得分显著低于总抽样样本;②性别和年级对肥胖中小学自我认识水平具有一定的调节作用;③在控制相关人口统计学变量性别和年级的影响后,不同群体对肥胖中小学生的总体自我认识及其各自我维度的效应显著.结论:运动群体肥胖中小学生的学业、外貌、人际关系和运动能力的满意度和总体自我认知、评价水平显著高于非运动群体. 相似文献
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9.
肥胖的致因、危害及减肥 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
肥胖已成为现代医学关注的焦点．肥胖的致因、危害及减肥方法目前尚无定论。引起肥胖的原因是多方面的，但主要是营养过剩、运动不足、遗传因素及代谢异常；肥胖与多种疾病明显相关；减体重的方法很多，以运动辅以控制饮食效果最佳。 相似文献
10.
探讨肥胖及肥胖抵抗大鼠NAFLD发病机制及运动干预对不同倾向模型的效果是否存在不同之处,为更好防治NAFLD提供实验数据.通过高脂饮食诱导建模,从中遴选出肥胖和肥胖抵抗型两种大鼠,通过肝组织病理切片确定建模是否成功.而后对大鼠施加5周的游泳运动,运动结束后,通过测定体脂、脂体比,血脂、肝指数、瘦素水平、空腹血糖及胰岛素水平等指标,观察运动对不同类型NAFLD的干预效果.结果发现,肥胖抵抗组体质量与正常组相比差异无显著性,但肥胖抵抗组与肥胖组同样存在能量代谢紊乱,肥胖组存在胰岛素抵抗和瘦素抵抗,肥胖抵抗组不显示有胰岛素抵抗,存在瘦素抵抗.游泳运动改善肥胖组NAFLD的效果较肥胖抵抗组更为显著.结果表明肥胖组NAFLD与肥胖抵抗组NAFLD发病机制并不相同,游泳运动对其干预效果也不相同.游泳运动使能耗增加,减少脂质沉积,能明显改善肥胖组的瘦素抵抗,恢复脂肪-胰岛素的负反馈调节机制,进而改善IR,促进NAFLD转归.游泳运动对肥胖抵抗组的改善机制可能不同于肥胖组,主要是通过调节瘦素的受体结合率,改善瘦素抵抗,促进NAFLD的转归. 相似文献
11.
初中肥胖女生运动减肥实验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对初中肥胖女生在体育课和课外体育活动中应用运动处方的实验研究,探讨运动对青春发育期的肥胖女生减肥的效果.实验结果表明,对初中肥胖女生实施游戏性、趣味性运动处方教学是切实可行的,运动是初中肥胖女生减肥的一种有效方式. 相似文献
12.
近年来,以胰岛素抵抗和瘦素抵抗为主要特征的肥胖和二型糖尿病患病率不断上升。对瘦素受体后AMPK-ACC信号转导通路的研究表明,信号转导通路障碍是引发肥胖和二型糖尿病的重要原因。生理状态下,脂肪组织分泌瘦素,在与其受体结合后,通过活化细胞中的AMPK,使乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)失活,脂肪酸合成减少;同时活化丙二酸单酰辅酶A脱羧酶(MCD),导致丙二酸单酰辅酶A(MA)浓度下降,进而导致脂肪酸氧化速率增加,起到减少脂肪储备、减轻体重的作用。胰岛素抵抗状态下,AMPK磷酸化水平降低,ACC活性增强,脂肪酸合成增加、氧化速率下降。运动是改善胰岛素抵抗的重要手段,该文介绍生理状态及胰岛素抵抗状态下瘦素受体后AMPK-ACC信号转导通路各蛋白级联作用以及运动对各蛋白变化趋势的影响。 相似文献
13.
以３５ 名３５ ～４５ 岁超标准体重的中年女性为研究对象,分析了中年女性肥胖的体型特点,从健身、肥胖机理及饮食结合方面论述了健美操锻炼对中年女性体型的影响。 相似文献
14.
Caroline Brand Clarice Maria De Lucena Martins Vanilson Batista Lemes Maria Luisa Félix Pessoa Arieli Fernandes Dias Eduardo Lusa Cadore 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(6):682-691
ABSTRACTThis study aimed to verify the effect of a multicomponent intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF), and to determine the prevalence of responders on CMRF among children and adolescents with overweight/obesity. This is a quasi-experimental study, developed with 35 children and adolescents with overweight/obesity (control group (CG) = 18; intervention group (IG) = 17), aged between 7 and 13 years. Participants in IG underwent a multicomponent intervention for 12 weeks. The following variables were evaluated: anthropometric measures, maturational stages and CMRF (body fatness, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, high-density and low-density lipoprotein) (HDL-C, LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and AST/ALT ratio. Mixed analysis of variance and the prevalence of responders were used for statistical analysis. There was a significant time x group interaction on body fatness (p < 0.001), HOMA-IR (p = 0.01), HDL-C (p < 0.001), LDL-C (p = 0.009) and TC (p < 0.001). The prevalence of responders for CMRF in IG and CG was respectively: body fatness (47%; 0%; p = 0.04), HOMA-IR (58.8%; 16.6%; p = 0.04); triglycerides (17.6%; 5.5%; p = 0.31); HDL-C (76.4%; 5.5%; p = 0.01), LDL-C (35.3%; 5%; p = 0.08), TC (64.7%; 5%; p = 0.01), AST (5.8%; 0%; p = 0.87), ALT (29.4%; 11.1%; p = 0.24) and AST/ALT ratio (24.4%; 22.2%; p = 0.67). Multicomponent intervention induced positive changes on CMRF along with a higher prevalence of positive adaptations in IG than the CG in some of the cardiometabolic outcomes assessed. 相似文献
15.
Pablo Molina-Garcia Jairo H Migueles Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez Irene Esteban-Cornejo Jose Mora-Gonzalez Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(8):878-885
This study aimed to investigate the independent and combined associations between several fatness indicators and fitness components with functional movement quality in overweight/obese children. A total of 56 children (33 girls, aged 8–12) classified as overweight/obese according to the World Obesity Federation standard cut points, participated in this study. Participants underwent assessments of fatness [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and bioelectrical impedance measures], fitness [1 repetition maximum bench and leg press, and ALPHA test battery], and functional movement quality [4 tests from Functional Movement Screen TM (FMS)]. All fatness outcomes, except waist circumference, were negatively associated with total FMS score, after controlling for cardiorespiratory fitness. Cardiorespiratory fitness, lower limbs muscle strength, and speed-agility were positively associated with the total FMS score, regardless of BMI. Our results suggest that children with greater fatness indicators demonstrate lower functional movement quality independently of their fitness level, whereas children with better fitness level (i.e. cardiorespiratory fitness, lower limbs muscular strength, and speed-agility) demonstrate greater functional movement quality independently of their fatness level. However, children´s weight status seems to be more determinant than their fitness level in terms of functional movement quality, whereas being fit seems to moderately attenuate the negative influence of fatness. 相似文献
16.
The purpose of this study was to examine the following: (a) the relationships among the latent constructs of fundamental motor skills (FMS), health-related physical fitness (HRF), and observed body fatness in South Korean adolescents with mental retardation (MR); (b) the indirect effect of fundamental motor skills on body fatness when mediated by health-related fitness; and (c) whether the degree of MR and gender affects these relationships. Students ages 13 to 18 years (287 boys and 134 girls) were recruited for the study. Separate structural equation models were estimated based on gender and the level of disability: mild or moderate MR. Group differences in the model structure were not found, so the data were combined and a single model estimated. The results showed that FMS significantly contributed to HRF (standardized effects beta = .53), p < .01 and indirectly contributed to decreased body fatness mediated by HRF (-.27), p < .01. HRF directly contributed to decreased fatness (-.50), p < .01. The results from this study support the importance of both increased FMS and increased HRF in relation to decreased body fatness. 相似文献
17.
Larry D. Hensley Whitfield B. East Jim L. Stillwell 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):133-140
Abstract Performance differences between males and females have been attributed to both biological and cultural factors, although the relative significance of each has not been ascertained. Differences in body fatness between males and females has been frequently mentioned as one biological factor responsible for variations in physical performance. In children, it has been shown that boys exhibit slightly higher performance levels than girls until adolescence, when the differences favoring the boys become greater. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between selected physical performance tests and body fatness in preadolescent boys and girls. Measures of age, height, weight, skinfold thicknesses at two sites, and performance scores on the vertical jump, standing broad jump, modified pullup, 40-yard dash, and 400-yard run were obtained on 563 elementary school children. The results of a one-way ANOVA indicated that there was a significant difference between boys and girls on all of the physical performance tests. Although the boys were slightly taller and heavier and scored better than the girls on the performance tests, there was no significant difference between the sexes in the sum of two skinfolds. Separate regression equations for the sum of two skinfolds by performance on each test indicated that, with the exception of the modified pullup test, body fatness was only marginally related to performance. These findings indicated that, although inversely related to the ability to move the total body weight, body fatness was of minimal importance in explaining performance differences between young boys and girls. 相似文献
18.
Kirk J. Cureton Larry D. Hensley Antoinette Tiburzi 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):333-340
The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the mean difference in performance between men and women on selected physical performance tests was related to the sex difference in body fatness. Percent total body fat (% fat) estimated from skinfold thickness measures and performances on the modified pull-up, vertical jump, 50-yard dash, and 12-minute-run tests were measured on 55 male and 55 female college students. Males had significantly less fat and performed significantly better than females on each of the performance tests. Mean differences were 8.2% fat, 20.0 modified pull-ups, 20.8 cm on the vertical jump, 1.3 seconds on the 50-yard dash, and 590 m on the 12-minute run. Linear regression equations predicting performance scores from % fat within the groups of men and women indicated that if body fatness in men and women were similar, performance differences would be reduced, on the average, by 7 modified pull-ups, 4 cm on the vertical jump, .5 seconds on the 50–yard dash, and 146 m on the 12-minute run. These expected changes in performance were 36%, 19%, 38%, and 25% of the mean sex difference in performance on the four physical performance tests, respectively. It was concluded that greater body fatness is one characteristic that partly explains why women, on the average, do not perform as well as men on strenuous tasks requiring movement of the body weight. The sex-specific difference in body fatness should be one factor considered in establishing separate occupational and athletic performance expectations for men and women. 相似文献
19.
杜晓平 《沈阳体育学院学报》2007,26(5):38-40
超重和肥胖与心血管病、糖尿病等的危险因素密切相关。身体指数(BMI)作为衡量肥胖程度的简便指标在国际上的应用一直比较广泛,近年来在我国也得到了普遍的认可。采用中国标准,选取沈阳市区40~59岁健康中年人158名为研究对象,由专业人员按照体质监测标准测试体重、身高、肺活量、台阶试验、握力、坐位体前屈、闭眼单脚站立等指标。按BMI<18.5为低体重、18.5~25为正常体重、大于24为超重、大于28为肥胖分为4组比较分析。分析不同体重中年人的身体机能和身体素质的差异,以探讨体重对身体机能和素质影响。 相似文献
20.
Alberto Soriano-Maldonado Enrique G. Artero Víctor Segura-Jiménez Virgina A. Aparicio Fernando Estévez-López Inmaculada C. Álvarez-Gallardo 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(18):1731-1739
This study assessed the association of fitness and fatness with cognitive function in women with fibromyalgia, and the independent influence of their single components on cognitive tasks. A total of 468 women with fibromyalgia were included. Speed of information processing and working memory (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task), as well as immediate and delayed recall, verbal learning and delayed recognition (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) were assessed. Aerobic fitness, muscle strength, flexibility and motor agility were assessed with the Senior Fitness Test battery. Body mass index, percent body fat, fat-mass index and waist circumference were measured. Aerobic fitness was associated with attention and working memory (all, p < 0.05). All fitness components were generally associated with delayed recall, verbal learning and delayed recognition (all, p < 0.05). Aerobic fitness showed the most powerful association with attention, working memory, delayed recall and verbal learning, while motor agility was the most powerful indicator of delayed recognition. None of the fatness parameters were associated with any of the outcomes (all, p > 0.05). Our results suggest that fitness, but not fatness, is associated with cognitive function in women with fibromyalgia. Aerobic fitness appears to be the most powerful fitness component regarding the cognitive tasks evaluated. 相似文献