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1.
本文从开放广度和深度2个维度系统探索软件平台开放对创新绩效的影响以及平台吸引力对上述过程的调节作用。结合文献研究和专家访谈法，确定平台创新绩效的测度指标体系；选取2008-2015年间中国上线并上市的30家软件平台有效样本及其主导企业相关数据，采用层次回归分析方法进行实证检验。结果表明，平台开放广度对平台创新绩效所有指标具有正向影响；开放深度呈倒U型影响平台创新绩效；不同维度平台吸引力对开放度影响创新绩效过程的调节作用存在差异，其中，正向调节开放广度的影响成立，但对开放深度影响的调节作用不尽一致。研究结论对于系统认识软件平台开放性与平台整体创新绩效的关系，促进平台产业转型升级，尤其是指导主导企业的平台开放决策，提升开放创新效率具有重要启示。 相似文献
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There has been an increased usage and popularity of digital platforms during the COVID-19 crisis. This has resulted in many new types of digital platforms emerging that are tied to specific localities and based on emergent needs. This article presents the results of a study on the ClickforVic digital platform that was started during the first 2020 lockdown in Melbourne, Australia as a way for country farmers to connect with urban consumers. The study is premised on transformational entrepreneurship theory that enables a focus on the societal changes that have resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic. A semi-structured in-depth interview approach was utilised to understand how farm entrepreneurs perceived the digital platform and how this contributed to transformational entrepreneurship outcomes. The study is amongst the first to incorporate a digital platform, farm entrepreneurship, transformational entrepreneurship and COVID-19 perspective. The findings suggest that farm entrepreneurs are driven by financial, social and community goals during a crisis that influences their usage of digital platforms. As a consequence, the findings contribute to managerial practice and policy debate by highlighting the way digital platforms can be used in times of crisis to produce transformational entrepreneurship outcomes. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(8):104849
Knowledge spillovers across economic agents are central to the process of technological innovation. Yet, the mechanisms by which spillovers travel and manifest as innovation are poorly understood. To fill that gap, we study how knowledge spillovers emanating from other cities (knowledge pools) diffuse and get absorbed. We refine the notion of connectedness by comparing three mechanisms through which knowledge spillovers occur between cities (geographically, technologically, and socially via social media links). We also examine how local psychological openness facilitates this diffusion and absorption process. Using 360 U.S. cities as our empirical context, we find geographically mediated and socially mediated (but not technologically mediated) knowledge spillovers to show positive relationships with the rate of patenting. Moreover, results confirm a positive moderation effect of psychological openness on the relationship between socially mediated knowledge spillovers and the rate of patenting. By providing a more comprehensive test of knowledge spillover mechanisms, our study indicates that the often-quoted physical proximity to knowledge pools remains a robust driver. However, a city's virtual connection to knowledge pools (e.g., via social media links between people) also matter, particularly if that city is psychologically more open. This catalyst of local openness might occur because open populations better absorb inflowing knowledge and utilize it more effectively via key innovators. We discuss implications for research and policy with a particular focus on virtual human (vs. geographically bounded) connectedness and psychological openness as intertwined key areas of a new human geography of innovation. 相似文献
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在已经揭示的创新开放度与创新绩效关系基础上,通过文献分析将变量进行细分,并且引入对开放式创新有重要影响的两个中介变量——创新导向与商业模式,构建起更加综合的理论模型并对其进行操作化转换。然后收集大样本问卷调查数据,采用结构方程模型(SEM)对模型进行实证检验与修正,深化了对创新开放度与开放式创新绩效之间作用机理的理解。结论表明:创新导向和商业模式在创新开放度与开放式创新绩效之间扮演了中介角色,虽然细分的创新开放度(探索式创新开放度和开发式创新开放度)对开放式创新绩效的影响最终依然以财务指标的形式表现出来,可是它们的绩效贡献存在差异很大的形成机制。 相似文献
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基于2010—2012年中国176家高技术上市公司数据,从专利技术许可视角,研究外向型开放创新模式下创新开放度与企业绩效的关系。研究表明,目前我国企业对外创新输出的开放程度总体较低,开放广度对企业财务绩效、创新绩效均无显著性影响,开放深度与财务绩效、创新绩效则呈现倒U型关系。企业可以通过调整外向型开放深度和优化创新广度和深度的协调关系提升创新绩效和财务绩效。 相似文献
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如何协调数字平台创新发展与监管之间的关系一直是学界、实业界关注的重点，本文以央行推动条码支付平台互联互通为研究背景，把平台开放与排他性行为结合起来，运用圆周模型对平台开放程度与平台不同策略选择产生的竞争效应进行比较分析，研究结果表明：(1)互联互通可以促进条码支付平台创新，改善消费者效用和社会福利，产生更高的社会价值，实现公平与效率的兼顾；(2)互联互通后，排他性策略使平台具有竞争优势，但随着实施排他性策略平台数量的增加，会使所有平台商家规模、平台利润受损，但商家效用、社会福利会增加。据此，本文认为对开放平台的监管，应以竞争效应和技术创新为依据，避免过度干预造成的“硬监管”、“一刀切”的监管困境。 相似文献
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科学研究与技术创新在推动发展的同时产生潜在的社会负外部性,引发理论与实践关于科技创新治理的关注,以实现科学研究与技术创新活动的社会责任。而“开放”逐渐成为组织中一种强有力的规范和治理机制,从根本上改变了组织的资源获取方式、运作方式、与环境的互动方式,责任式创新的治理目标均能够在开放机制中得以实现。围绕责任式创新研究,从科学研究、技术开发与社会发展三个阶段,构建了以开放科学、开放战略、以及开放社会为基础的科技创新责任治理的开放机制,并结合争议性科学研究（生殖性克隆与预防性基因编译等）和争议性技术创新（区块链与人工智能等）的案例检验予以论证。研究构建的从开放科学到开放社会的开放机制为科技创新的责任治理提供借鉴启示。 相似文献
8.
The paper describes empirical findings on how openness is realized in practical innovation projects involving different organizations. The purpose of the study is to increase the understanding of how openness should be managed in the various forms of inter-organizational innovation development. The main research interest is in how openness is manifested in developing innovations with different organizations involved in inter-organizational innovation projects. Subsidiary research questions are: ‘What is open?’, ‘To whom is it open?’ and ‘How open is it?’. The study applied qualitative case study methodology, and empirical data were collected by semi-structured interviews with management personnel in 40 organizations in Finland and the Netherlands. The findings reveal that openness in innovation is a multifaceted issue that can have very different meanings in different contexts. In the context of the study, the answer to the first sub-question (‘What is open?’) is obvious. It is the innovation project; its input, process and outcome. As for ‘To whom is it open?’, interviewees made a clear distinction between projects with known actors and projects that may include unknown actors. Answering ‘How open is the project?’, one can distinguish between different projects according to which attribute best describes the openness of the project – readable, usable, or modifiable. Answers to the three sub-questions conceptualize the issue of openness in inter-organizational innovation development and can be considered theoretical conclusions of the study. By combining the answers, five characteristic levels of openness in inter-organizational innovation were derived as practical implications of the study for R&;D and innovation management. 相似文献
9.
Discussion of open innovation has typically stressed the benefits to the individual enterprise from boundary-spanning linkages and improved internal knowledge sharing. In this paper we explore the potential for wider benefits from openness in innovation and argue that openness may itself generate positive externalities by enabling improved knowledge diffusion. The potential for these (positive) externalities suggests a divergence between the private and social returns to openness and the potential for a sub-optimal level of openness where this is determined purely by firms’ private returns. Our analysis is based on Irish plant-level panel data from manufacturing industry over the period 1994–2008. Based on instrumental variables regression models our results suggest that externalities of openness in innovation are significant and that they are positively associated with firms’ innovation performance. We find that these externality effects are unlikely to work through their effect on the spread of open innovation practices. Instead, they appear to positively influence innovation outputs by either increasing knowledge diffusion or strengthening competition. Our evidence on the significance of externalities from openness in innovation provides a rationale for public policy aimed at promoting open innovation practices among firms. 相似文献
10.
《International Journal of Information Management》2017,37(3):150-154
Open data aims to unlock the innovation potential of businesses, governments, and entrepreneurs, yet it also harbours significant challenges for its effective use. While numerous innovation successes exist that are based on the open data paradigm, there is uncertainty over the data quality of such datasets. This data quality uncertainty is a threat to the value that can be generated from such data. Data quality has been studied extensively over many decades and many approaches to data quality management have been proposed. However, these approaches are typically based on datasets internal to organizations, with known metadata, and domain knowledge of the data semantics. Open data, on the other hand, are often unfamiliar to the user and may lack metadata. The aim of this research note is to outline the challenges in dealing with data quality of open datasets, and to set an agenda for future research to address this risk to deriving value from open data investments. 相似文献
11.
开放性有利于企业获取更多的创新机会,但开放式创新过程中也需要考虑独占性损失的风险,因为独占性对企业创新新颖性和效率等绩效存在重要的影响。本研究旨在剖析独占性机制和开放性对创新漏斗不同阶段的创新绩效的影响。整合企业跨界搜索理论与知识保护理论,基于332家广东省制造业企业的问卷调查数据,探讨开放性与独占性机制对创新漏斗不同阶段的创新绩效影响。研究发现：正式独占性机制的使用负向影响创新漏斗创意形成阶段的创新效率,半正式独占性机制的使用有利于提升创新漏斗创意形成阶段的创新效率,而非正式独占性机制则有助于创新漏斗创意形成和新产品开发与商业化阶段的创新新颖性的提升;另外,创新新颖性通过创新漏斗整个阶段的横向合作开放性来解释,尤其是与高校科研院所的合作,与竞争对手合作开放性对新产品开发与商业化阶段的创新新颖性积极正相关,而垂直合作开放性则对新产品开发与商业化阶段的创新效率具有正相关关系。 相似文献
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13.
Prior studies of open innovation have highlighted the effects of different flows of knowledge between firms and external partners—such as flows of software code, technical solutions, or new product ideas—and how firms face a “paradox of openness” about how open to be to external sources while also appropriating value. There are increasingly flows of more provisional knowledge as well, in the form of product innovation rumors exchanged within online technology blogs. Our study objective was to understand how product innovation rumors are used by firms as both inflows and outflows of provisional knowledge and their effect on the innovation process. Using interview data within a high-technology firm whose forthcoming products were the subject of rumor within technology blogs, we develop propositions regarding how inflows of product innovation rumors affect innovation decisions (while addressing concerns about appropriability and intrafirm knowledge flows) and how outflows from firms may affect stakeholders outside the firm (through selective revealing and influence of technology blog editors). Product innovation rumors in part address the paradox of openness by forming an informal means of open innovation alongside formal processes, and we suggest further research opportunities in this domain. 相似文献
14.
The paper investigates the existence of an Open Regional Innovation System (ORIS model). This model is characterised by the firms’ adoption of an open innovation strategy, which overcomes not only the boundaries of the firms but also the boundaries of the region.Using data collected in a sample of life science firms, our research provides the evidence that the Emilia Romagna RIS has evolved towards an ORIS model, where firms’ innovation search strategy, despite being still embedded in local nets (involving several regional public research organisations - PROs), is open to external-to-the-region research networks and knowledge sources. It also shows that innovation openness influences significantly the firms’ innovative performance. 相似文献
15.
Digital platforms and innovations have greatly improved the mechanisms whereby the resources needed to start a business can be obtained; yet many at the base of the pyramid still have limited access to them because they remain disconnected. While digital platforms can help to connect the possessors of resources with the entrepreneurs who need them, the mediating processes that those who are not directly represented in such digital spaces need to undergo deserve further attention. This study builds on social identity theory and the identity-based view by considering identity as a relational and resource construct and discussing three identity mediation processes and strategies: connection-, familiarity-, and credibility-building. The evidence for this study was sourced from Rang De, India’s first digital micro credit platform. Understanding the identity mediation whereby disconnected borrowers seeking finance can access resources provides important insights to the emerging field of digital social innovation for business and development. 相似文献
16.
Chesbrough 教授提出的开放式创新为创新管理提供了一种全新的思维模式,开放的本质是外部创新资源的获取和利用,通过内外创新资源的整合和利用,减少技术和市场的不确定性,提高创新绩效。但过度开放会对企业带来负面影响。本文从开放的广度和深度两个方面测度目前中国企业技术创新的开放度,分析不同产业的企业开放度对创新绩效的影响。分析发现,目前我国企业在技术创新活动中开放程度比较低,企业在技术创新活动中向外部组织开放有利于提高创新绩效,对于科技驱动型产业的企业,开放度对创新绩效呈倒U型的二次型曲线相关关系,经验驱动型产业的企业,开放度对创新绩效呈正线性相关关系。 相似文献
17.
J. Nils Foege Ghita Dragsdahl Lauritzen Frank Tietze Torsten Oliver Salge 《Research Policy》2019,48(6):1323-1339
The paradox of openness describes the fundamental tension between knowledge sharing and knowledge protection in open innovation. While sharing is vital for value creation, protecting is critical for value appropriation. Prior research has examined this paradox of openness from the perspective of the seeking firm, focusing on the firm-level challenges of inbound open innovation. In this article, we complement that research by illuminating the tensions between sharing and protecting in individual-level outbound open innovation, where we argue that the paradox of openness is most prevalent, yet much less well understood. Drawing on the experience of individual participants, or solvers, in intermediated crowdsourcing contests, we analyze textual data from 2,149 answers to five open-ended narrative questions embedded in a large-scale solver survey, as well as 43 in-depth interviews of solvers. Our findings indicate that individual solvers face fundamental sharing-protecting tensions that carry considerable economic and psychological costs. We also document how solvers attempt to navigate the paradox of openness by employing three formal and four informal value appropriation practices. They build elaborate configurations of these practices, which they tailor to the idiosyncrasies of each contest. They also dynamically adjust these configurations over time, as the contest and the interaction with the seeker unfold. We end by outlining how these findings contribute to a more multifaceted conceptualization and a richer understanding of the paradox of openness. 相似文献
18.
‘Open data’ has recently emerged as a label for renewed attempts to promote scientific exchange. As part of such efforts, the posting of data online is often portrayed as commonly beneficial: individual scientists accrue greater prominence while at the same time fostering communal knowledge. Yet, how scientists in non-Western research settings assess such calls for openness has been the subject of little empirical study. Based on extended fieldwork with biochemistry laboratories in sub-Sahara Africa, this paper examines a variety of reasons why scientists opt for closure over openness with regard to their own data. We argue that the heterogeneity of research environments calls into question many of the presumptions made as part of open data. Inequalities in research environments can mean that moves towards sharing create binds and dilemmas. These observations suggest that those promoting openness must critically examine current research governance and funding systems that continue to perpetuate disparities. The paper proposes an innovative approach to facilitating openness: coupling the sharing of data with enabling scientists to redress their day-to-day research environment demands. Such a starting basis provides an alternative but vital link between the aspirations for science aired today as part of international discussions and the daily challenges of undertaking research in low-resourced environments. 相似文献
19.
开放式创新已成为环境不确定条件下企业创新的新模式。本文构建了基于系统环境观的企业环境不确定性测量量表和开放式技术创新战略的测量量表;用结构方程模型研究了环境不确定性对开放式技术创新战略的影响。结果表明:尽管我国企业的总体开放度不高,致使环境不确定性的某些维度对开放式技术创新战略的影响并不显著,但整体上还是可以断定环境不确定性能促进企业向开放式技术创新战略转变。本研究的启示是:一方面,在不确定环境下企业应注重开放式技术创新战略的构建;另一方面,政府部门应为企业提高开放度营造良好的宏观环境。 相似文献
20.
开放式创新是当前创新发展的趋势,但企业如何有效实施和管理开放式创新仍然缺乏研究。文章基于开放式技术创新强调内外创新资源互补协同的本质,结合不同外部组织所拥有的关键创新资源,提出不同特质的企业应采取的开放模式,并实证验证。研究发现:开放能提升创新绩效,但企业内部能力和不同开放模式之间存在交互效应。内部R&D能力强的企业,与科学合作伙伴合作能提升创新绩效;内部R&D能力较强而制造能力一般的企业,应较多地与横向合作企业合作;内部R&D能力一般的企业,与技术相关组织和价值链上的合作伙伴密切联系,能显著提升创新绩效。文章指出不同特质的企业应选择与内部能力相匹配的开放模式。 相似文献