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Nieves R. Brisaboa Antonio Fariña Gonzalo Navarro José R. Paramá 《Information Retrieval》2007,10(1):1-33
Variants of Huffman codes where words are taken as the source symbols are currently the most attractive choices to compress
natural language text databases. In particular, Tagged Huffman Code by Moura et al. offers fast direct searching on the compressed
text and random access capabilities, in exchange for producing around 11% larger compressed files. This work describes End-Tagged
Dense Code and (s, c)-Dense Code, two new semistatic statistical methods for compressing natural language texts. These techniques permit simpler
and faster encoding and obtain better compression ratios than Tagged Huffman Code, while maintaining its fast direct search
and random access capabilities. We show that Dense Codes improve Tagged Huffman Code compression ratio by about 10%, reaching
only 0.6% overhead over the optimal Huffman compression ratio. Being simpler, Dense Codes are generated 45% to 60% faster
than Huffman codes. This makes Dense Codes a very attractive alternative to Huffman code variants for various reasons: they
are simpler to program, faster to build, of almost optimal size, and as fast and easy to search as the best Huffman variants,
which are not so close to the optimal size.
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| José R. ParamáEmail: |
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(1):33-51
The present study investigates the relationship between nonverbal encoding and decoding of positive and negative affect attributed to relational and nonrelational factors and spouses' marital adjustment. Findings indicate that accuracy in decoding of nonverbal affect was associated with the partner's, but not one's own, marital satisfaction. In regard to specific relational and nonrelational affect, results showed that accurate decoding of relational positive affect and of nonrelational negative affect was associated with the decoder's marital satisfaction, while accurate decoding of relational positive affect was associated with the partner's dissatisfaction. In regard to nonverbal communication and sex differences, we found that husbands' decoding of wives' nonrelational affect was more predictive of marital satisfaction than wives' decoding of husbands' nonrelational affect. Overall, however, we did not find many of the sex differences in nonverbal communication reported in previous studies. Implications of these findings for our current understanding of nonverbal communication in marriages are discussed. 相似文献
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字串去重的快速算法研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对文本处理中的字串去重问题 ,本文提出了四种有效的快速算法 ,其平均时间复杂度为O(nlogn) ,空间复杂度为O(n)。其中利用首字hash方法的去重算法比直接利用快速排序算法具有更好的性能 ,其思想可用于改进快速排序算法。 相似文献
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从费斯克看通俗文化研究的转向 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文以费斯克的理论为切入点 ,梳理了通俗文化研究的学术史 ,总结出通俗文化研究中的几个明显转向———从大众文化到通俗文化 ;从使用 -满足研究到受众研究 ;从文本解读到传播语境解读 ;从“肯定文化”到“微观政治的进步文化” ;从阿尔图塞到葛兰西。论文最后还批判了费斯克为代表的通俗文化研究。 相似文献
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Henrik Bødker 《Critical Studies in Media Communication》2016,33(5):409-423
ABSTRACTNotions of circuitry are central to Stuart Hall’s conceptualization of how communities, cultures, and media constitute each other. This is very explicit in his encoding/decoding model from 1973. Hall here reserves the term “circulation” for a delimited process within a broader argument for a circular movement, or a “reproduction” of culture through media. In this broader view, however, Hall sees circulation as both technological and hermeneutical processes through which meaning and/or ideology move into and out of discursive form. The encoding/decoding text(s) refer on several occasions to “current affairs” but later applications of this model have somewhat neglected the sphere of journalism. This paper consequently situates Hall’s notions of circulation in relation to new modes of circulating journalism on participatory digital platforms. Given the status of Hall’s model, the overall goal of this re-reading is twofold: seeing Hall through contemporary issues puts into perspective key aspects of Hall’s thinking, while Hall’s framework in turn helps illuminate important characteristics of how journalism is ascribed meaning in a digital landscape. The paper ultimately argues that while Hall’s insistence on seeing the circulation of journalism within a broader circuit of culture is as important as ever, some of his main tenets and assumptions need to be rethought and supplemented in light of newer developments. 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(2):88-100
This study examines the relative importance and specific nature of the nonverbal and verbal decoding behaviors that subjects use to respond to inconsistent messages. The results indicate not only that inconsistent messages have a greater impact on nonverbal than verbal decoding behaviors but that individuals responding to such messages behave in ways predicted by the double‐bind theory of communication. Decoding behaviors appear to pass through a three‐step sequence which moves from confusion and uncertainty to a high degree of deliberation and interest to expressions of displeasure, hostility, and withdrawal. These decoding behaviors are illustrated and their theoretical implications discussed. 相似文献
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林林 《现代图书情报技术》2003,(3):30-32
介绍了静止图像压缩标准JPEG2000独特的编解码机制，对于传输带宽有限的情况，提出了采用兴趣区域(ROI)编码技术实现在数字图书馆图像检索中的应用，介绍了ROI掩模的生成以及ROI编码的实现。 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(3):199-206
This study attempts a new approach to the problem of “meaning.” The authors are concerned primarily with meanings as they are encountered by decoders rather than as they are devised by encoders, and they focus almost exclusively on cognitive rather than on emotional aspects of meaning. A scheme comprising three dimensions—concreteness, iconicity, and conventionality—is proposed as a model for relating symbols to their concepts and their users. Emphasis is on ease or difficulty of decoding symbols in the cognitive realm. Experimentation is recommended for testing the hypotheses advanced in this approach. 相似文献
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This article presents the Δ-distance, a family of distances between images recursively decomposed into segments and represented by multi-level feature vectors. Such a structure is a quad, a quin or a nona-tree resulting from a fixed and arbitrary image partition or from an image segmentation process. It handles positional information of image features (e.g. color, texture or shape). Δ-distance is the generalized form of dissimilarity measures between multi-level feature vectors. Using different weights on tree nodes and different distances between nodes, distances between trees or visual similarity between images can be computed based on the general definition of Δ. In this article, we present three Δ-based distance families: two families of distances between tree structures, called
-distance( for Tree) and
-distance ( for Segment), and a family of visual distances between images, called ( for Visual). The -distance visually compares two images using their tree representation and the other two distances compare the tree structures resulting from image segmentation. Moreover, we show how existing distances between multi-level feature vectors appear to be particular cases of the Δ-distance 相似文献
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信息编码与解码是开展信息搜寻与检索的必要前提,图书馆一般采用《中国图书馆分类法》对图书进行信息编码。然而信息编码与解码的专业性导致儿童在图书馆检索图书时非常困难,用户体验问题突出。文章基于记忆的双重编码理论,探讨采用图形隐喻设计,对图书类别进行编码,检验图书信息编码方式对儿童图书信息检索效率和情绪体验的影响。结果显示,图形隐喻编码形式更容易被儿童理解,能显著提升儿童检索效率和正性情绪,在面向识字水平低的儿童图书馆设计中,采用图形隐喻的信息编码方法,有助于培养儿童阅读兴趣,提升阅读体验。 相似文献
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在TCP/IP上实现Z39.50的几个问题 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
刘树森 《现代图书情报技术》1998,14(2):37-39
首先简要分析了Z39．50在OSI环境与TCP／IP环境中实现的一些区别,然后着重讨论了Z39．50在TCP／IP上实现时,如何解决服务器和客户机的连接以及PDU的编码、解码问题 相似文献
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Marion Davidson Martha Blues Charles O. Jones Duncan MacRae Jr. James A. Wilde Larry B. Hill 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(6):123-125
Marion Davidson and Martha Blues Making it Legal: A Law Primer for. the Craftmaker,Visual Artist and Writer,(New York: McGraw-Hill 1979-$8.95 paper) An Introduction to the Study of Public Policy by Charles O. Jones (this one is 1917. and a 2nd ed. 258 pp, –price not given. paper) Policy Analysis for Public Decisions by Duncan MacRae Jr. and James A. Wilde (325 pp..—$9.95, paper) Essentials of Public Administration: A. Text with Readings by Larry B. Hill and F. Ted Hebert n 432 pp. —price not given, paper) 相似文献
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Searching for patterns in the MeSH vocabulary 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
NLM revises its MeSH vocabulary annually to reflect changes in biomedical literature and the health sciences community. This study tested two hypotheses about NLM's MeSH vocabulary. The first is that new terms are added to MeSH when their broader terms have an increased number of postings. One examination compared the number of postings for the broader terms of new and existing terms in the current MEDLINE file; the other compared them over time. No significant statistical difference was found in either case. A second hypothesis--that there is a relationship between the patterns of MEDLINE indexing and searching and the organization of the MeSH tree structure--was tested by comparing the distribution of searched terms in the MeSH trees with the distribution of all terms. It was found that certain trees are searched more often than could be predicted by the overall term distribution, while others are searched less frequently than expected. In summary, (1) new terms cannot be predicted by the increase in postings of existing terms, and (2) searchers' and indexers' use of the terms' tree structure does not correlate with the terms' distribution in the MeSH trees. 相似文献
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Louise Woodstock 《Critical Studies in Media Communication》2016,33(5):399-408
ABSTRACTStuart Hall’s “Encoding/decoding” essay sparked an on-going focus in media studies on reception and audience studies that remains theoretically robust today. Hall’s insight that audience members decode media content in multiple ways, some in line with the dominant cultural ideology and some resistant to that ideology, illuminates the phenomenon of media resistance. Media resisters significantly limit their media consumption and they do so based on their decodings of media culture—decodings, or readings, that resist normative messages about commercialism and consumption, about the natural diffusion and inherent benefits of mobile technologies and social media, and about the political landscape depicted and generated by news media. Hall’s encoding/decoding model is expanded here to include not only audiences’ decodings of specific content, but of media culture broadly. Concerns about media culture in the aggregate lead to media resisters’ practices of limiting media engagement, practices themselves that are counter hegemonic. 相似文献
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Dr. D.C. Pitt Kay Gill Susan E. Tufts Robert J. Huffman Mary Michelle Watkins Norman L. Rosenberg 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(3-4):37-38
GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRY RELATIONS: KEY ISSUES IN THE US TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY by Dr. D.C. Pitt (Economic and Social Research Council, 160 Great Portland St., London WIN 6BA—L3.50, paper) STATE GOVERNMENT RESEARCH DIRECTORY edited by Kay Gill and Susan E. Tufts (1987—price not given) GOVERNMENT RESEARCH DIRECTORY edited by Kay Gill and Susan E. Tufts (1987—$350) RESEARCH SERVICES DIRECTORY edited by Robert J. Huffman, and Mary Michelle Watkins (1987—$290) PROTECTING THE BEST MEN: AN INTERPRETIVE HISTORY OF THE LAW OF LIBEL by Norman L. Rosenberg (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986—$29.95) MEDIA LAW by Ralph L. Holsinger (New York: Random House, 1987—price not given) COMMONSENSE COPYRIGHT: A GUIDE TO THE NEW TECHNOLOGIES by R. S. Talab (McFarland & Co., Box 611, Jefferson, NC 28640—$14.95, paper) 相似文献
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David W. Scott 《Critical Studies in Media Communication》2013,30(3):317-333
This research is premised on Stuart Hall's encoding/decoding model and on Berger's concept that religiosity is socially constructed. However, unlike the early Birmingham studies' emphasis on socioeconomic status as a “cultural code” through which audience members would decode media texts, this study examines the readings of television texts from the perspective of audience members who are, because of their religious practices, ideologically situated to the right of much that is offered on television. The findings in this case are consistent with Hall's notion that individuals bring contradictory and conflicting discourse into their readings of media texts. 相似文献
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Several approaches to generating temporal decision trees for diagnostic purposes and algorithms for generating decision trees
are considered. The process of diagnostics based on information about possible faults is modeled. A multiagent approach is
used for diagnostics in dynamics. 相似文献
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“非典”流言的传播学透视 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
非典流言这次在农村与城市不同的表现 ,其根源在于二者所提供的不同的受众群体及相应而来的信息读解方式。从心理学角度来看 ,人们更乐于接受一些有利于自身的信息 ,农村民众科学常识的匮乏也决定了他们更容易接受简单化了的摆脱恐惧的方法。这种透视 ,让我们看到在非典流言扩散这种非理性的表象下的理性传播法则 ,也让我们看到发展传播学在中国的现代化进程中具有不可替代的重要作用。 相似文献
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《Government Information Quarterly》1996,13(4):345-359
Despite long-standing claims to democracy, Britain has an unenviable reputation for secrecy and no Freedom of Information Act. However, in 1993, the government introduced a nonjusticiable Code of Practice on Access to Government Information, the limitations of which are explored in this article.A specific aspect of government control of information recently under the spotlight is the use by government ministers of Public Interest Immunity (PII) Certificates to deny litigants access to government documents in the course of proceedings. The use by Ministers of this power formed part of the terms of reference for the recent Scott Report into the export of defense-related equipment to Iraq, the relevant parts of which are reviewed.The article concludes that recent developments have not remedied the situation relating to access to information in Britain, the norm remaining one of secrecy rather than openness, and that the use of PII certificates exemplifies the resulting fragility of mechanisms for executive accountability.In the United Kingdom (UK) today the executive branch of government alone determines what official information should be disclosed to the public and the legislature, to whom the executive is nominally responsible. The UK is a very secretive society.1 相似文献