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1.
丙烯菊酯农药的微生物生物修复作用研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过富集驯化培养,获得了降解丙烯菊酯的混合微生物．研究结果表明,该混合微生物发挥最优降解力的温度是35℃,pH为7．0,培养时间为72h．丙烯菊酯降解速度和混合培养微生物生长速度对外加碳源有较强的依赖性．在培养液中添加1g／L葡萄糖时,72h丙烯菊酯去除率可达76％;而采用丙烯菊酯作为培养菌生长的唯一碳源、氮源和能源时,72h丙烯菊酯去除率为55％． 相似文献
2.
Phosphate-accumulating aerobic granules cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor were composed of inner rod-shaped bacteria aggregates and outer twining filamentous bacteria. The influence of two-month storage under different conditions on the storage and subsequent reactivation performance of aerobic granules was investigated. After two-month storage the granules sealed at 4 ℃ in distilled water or normal saline (named granules A and granules B, respectively) could maintain their characteristics as before, while the granules idled in the reactor at room temperature (named granules C) exhibited decreased properties. During reactivation, granules A and granules B presented almost identical recovery performance, faster than granules C, in terms of phosphorus removal efficiency, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), phosphate release and accumulating ability. The results suggest that hermetical storage at low temperature promoted the maintenance of the granular properties and the reviving behaviors of phosphateaccumulating aerobic granules, and storage medium had little influence on the storage and recovery performance. 相似文献
3.
INTRODUCTIONAsasinkandaninnersourceofnutrients,sedimentsplayanimportantroleinlakeeutroph ication.TheeutrophicationstatusofWestLakeisstillcriticalinrecentyearsevenaftermostpollutionsourcesaroundWestLakehavebeencontrolled(Peietal.,1998) ,mainlythroughtherel… 相似文献
4.
Effects of pH and Eh on release of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments of West Lake 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effects of pH and Eh on release of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments of West Lake under different conditions were investigated by simulation test. Results showed that the net flux of NH4+-N release from sediments increased with pH, but NO3--N showed negative-going release at all tested pH levels. The net flux of NH4+-N release from sediments was higher under anaerobic or aerobic condition of the overlying water, but only under aerobic condition would net release of NO3--N occur. It was also shown that phosphorus released was mainly in its inorganic form, higher pH and anaerobic conditions of overlying water greatly stimulated release of phosphorus. In situ measurement at several West Lake locations indicated that sediment resuspension induced by boat propeller stimulated nutrients release from sediment into overlying water. 相似文献
5.
用电子束辐射降解水中的2, 4-二氯苯酚(2, 4-DCP)和五氯苯酚(PCP), 研究辐照剂量对溶液初始质量浓度各为50 mg/L的2种氯代苯酚辐射降解和去除有机氯的影响. 同时研究了溶液不同的初始质量浓度、pH值和去氧状态等条件对辐射降解的影响. HPLC的测试结果表明: 随着辐照剂量的增加,氯代苯酚的降解率增加, 溶液中的氯离子增加, 但辐照后溶液中仍有2, 4-DCP和PCP的残余物. 试验结果表明: 有机氯辐射降解的速度要比无机氯生成的速度快得多; 溶液的去氧也能加快氯代苯酚的降解; 在酸性到中性条件下比碱性条件下更利于有机氯裂解. 相似文献
6.
The effects of pH andEh on release of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments of West Lake under different conditions were investigated by simulation
test. Results showed that the net flux of NH4
+-N release from sediments increased with pH, but NO3
−-N showed negative-going release at all tested pH levels. The net flux of NH4
+-N release from sediments was higher under anaerobic or aerobic condition of the overlying water, but only under aerobic condition
would net release of NO3
−-N occur. It was also shown that phosphorus released was mainly in its inorganic form, higher pH and anaerobic conditions
of overlying water greatly stimulated release of phosphorus. In situ measurement at several West Lake locations indicated
that sediment resuspension induced by boat propeller stimulated nutrients release from sediment into overlying water.
Project (No.294059) supported by National Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China 相似文献
7.
分别研究了甲醇、甘油和水三种不同的活化剂对固体碱催化剂CaO在制备生物柴油中的活化作用,考察了活化时间对CaO活性的影响以及三种活化方式在空气中的耐失活能力,同时也探讨了三种活化方式的活化机理。结果发现：甲醇的活化效果不是很好,而甘油和水则对CaO有较好的活化效果,并且用水活化时不需要预先活化就有较高的活化作用;甘油活化后的CaO在空气中放置15d活性没有明显降低。无论是用甲醇、甘油还是用水来活化,它们对CaO活性的提高除了对酯交换反应体系的加速作用外,甲醇和水还有对CaO表面的去碳酸化作用,同时甘油还有去羟基化和去碳酸化作用。 相似文献
8.
Xiang Hu Dominika Sobotka Krzysztof Czerwionka Qi Zhou Li Xie Jacek Makinia 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2018,19(4):305-316
The effects of two different external carbon sources (acetate and ethanol) and electron acceptors (dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and nitrite) were investigated under aerobic and anoxic conditions with non-acclimated process biomass from a full-scale biological nutrient removal-activated sludge system. When acetate was added as an external carbon source, phosphate release was observed even in the presence of electron acceptors. The release rates were 1.7, 7.8, and 3.5 mg P/(g MLVSS·h) (MLVSS: mixed liquor volatile suspended solids), respectively, for dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and nitrite. In the case of ethanol, no phosphate release was observed in the presence of electron acceptors. Results of the experiments with nitrite showed that approximately 25 mg NO2-N/L of nitrite inhibited anoxic phosphorus uptake regardless of the concentration of the tested external carbon sources. Furthermore, higher denitrification rates were obtained with acetate (1.4 and 0.8 mg N/(g MLVSS·h)) compared to ethanol (1.1 and 0.7 mg N/(g MLVSS·h)) for both anoxic electron acceptors (nitrate and nitrite). 相似文献
9.
为了快速培养出能同时去除生活污水中化学需氧量(COD)和氮的微氧颗粒污泥,采用膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器接种污水处理厂剩余污泥,研究了微氧颗粒污泥的培养过程以及稳定运行条件下供氧量对处理效果和污泥性能的影响。结果表明,水力停留时间(HRT)为6h,微氧颗粒污泥的成功培养仅需1个月;供氧速率在2.83.2gO2/d,COD,NH3-N和总氮(TN)的去除率最高分别可达91%,85%和81%,脱氮速率达1.7gN/d,出水水质最佳;成熟的微氧颗粒污泥粒径集中在0.453.2gO2/d,COD,NH3-N和总氮(TN)的去除率最高分别可达91%,85%和81%,脱氮速率达1.7gN/d,出水水质最佳;成熟的微氧颗粒污泥粒径集中在0.452mm,当供氧速率低于2.3gO2/d时,颗粒污泥结构致密,供氧速率在2.32mm,当供氧速率低于2.3gO2/d时,颗粒污泥结构致密,供氧速率在2.33.2gO2/d时,污泥性能稳定,供氧速率增加到3.2gO2/d时,污泥沉降性能下降,并出现颗粒解体和丝状菌生长优势。 相似文献
10.
A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) seeded with activated sludge was established for landfill leachate treatment. Small bio-aggregates
began to appear after 40-d operation, and gradually changed to mature aerobic granules, with a mean size of 0.36–0.60 mm.
Their sludge volume index at 5 min (SVI5 min), mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), and wet density were around 35 ml/g, 3.4 g/L, and 1.062 g/cm3, respectively. The settling velocities of the granules in distilled water ranged from 0.3 to 1.3 cm/s, which were faster
than those in landfill leachate with a salt content of 1.4% (w/v), and also slightly faster than those predicted by Stokes’
law for porous but impermeable particles. Microbial community evolution during the granulation process and stages under different
nitrogen loading rates (NLRs) were monitored and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
(PCR-DGGE), cloning, and sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) fragments. Results revealed that some primary and dominant
communities in inoculating activated sludge died out gradually; while a few common bacteria, inhabiting soils, municipal wastewater,
or activated sludge systems, dominated in the SBR system throughout. In addition, some other dominant species, associated
with the aerobic granulation process, were thought to play a significant role in the formation and growth of aerobic granular
sludge. During the stable operation time under low NLR, a few species were present in abundance, and may have been responsible
for the high organic removal efficiency at this time. 相似文献
11.
用根箱法分析了受萘污染的菖蒲根际和非根际土壤中微生物指标.结果表明:萘对土壤细菌和放线菌可能起抑制作用,根系泌氧及短时期根系分泌物等可以减弱萘污染的影响,长时间后非根际的环境比根际环境更有利于细菌和放线菌的生长.萘污染严重抑制土壤真菌的生长,植物根系的泌氧和根系分泌物极大地减弱萘污染对真菌的影响.菖蒲的存在有利于微生物的生长. 相似文献
12.
Lu-jun CHAI Xia-wei JIANG Fan ZHANG Bei-wen ZHENG Fu-chang SHU Zheng-liang WANG Qing-feng CUI Han-ping DONG Zhong-zhi ZHANG Du-jie HOU Yue-hui SHE 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2015,16(10):865-874
In this study, we isolated an environmental clone of Ochrobactrum intermedium, strain 2745-2, from the formation water of Changqing oilfield in Shanxi, China, which can degrade crude oil. Strain 2745-2 is aerobic and rod-shaped with optimum growth at 42 °C and pH 5.5. We sequenced the genome and found a single chromosome of 4 800 175 bp, with a G+C content of 57.63%. Sixty RNAs and 4737 protein-coding genes were identified: many of the genes are responsible for the degradation, emulsification, and metabolizing of crude oil. A comparative genomic analysis with related clinical strains (M86, 229E, and LMG3301T) showed that genes involved in virulence, disease, defense, phages, prophages, transposable elements, plasmids, and antibiotic resistance are also present in strain 2745-2. 相似文献
13.
Urban wastewater treatment techniques could not be applied to improve the pollutant removal efficiency,due to its characteristics of closed and quiescent conditions of the static lake water.In this study,natural zeolite and coal cinder were chosen as filler compounds of the ecological filter.Static and dynamic experiments were carried out to study the remediation efficiency.Experimental data show that removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen （NH ＋ 4 -N） reaches 85% in both static and dynamic patterns and its removal efficiency reaches 97% when the recycling period is 1 h in dynamic condition.The maximum removal efficiency of nitrite nitrogen （NO-2 -N） reached 98%,and the removal efficiency of total nitrogen （TN） is a maximum of 84%.The final effluent concentration of total phosphorus （TP） is 0.079 mg/L.Effluent recycling could improve the nutrient （N,P） removal efficiently.Dissolved oxygen （DO） concentration could remain high with the water cycling.The filter works efficiently on regulating pH to the standard level of healthy water. 相似文献
14.
中心岛式一体化OCO反应器是在传统氧化沟和OCO工艺基础上发展而来的一种新型反应器。以清水和混合液作为研究对象,对其溶解氧（DO）的增加与衰减特性进行了研究,并以清水作为研究对象对其水力学特性进行了研究。研究结果表明：以清水和混合液作为研究对象时,好氧区DO从0mg/L增加到2．0mg/L左右,需要的时间分别为30min和90min,装置内DO衰减直至稳定,需要的时间分别为15min和10min;水力学特性试验表明一体化OCO反应器水力混合特性趋于全混流,全混流的比例为96．8％。 相似文献
15.
不同覆盖物覆盖对旱作水稻田间生态环境及产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用大田随机区组试验设计研究了地膜、纸膜、麦秸、油菜壳、青草五种不同覆盖物覆盖对旱作水稻田间生态环境及产量的影响。结果表明:油菜壳、麦秸、青草覆盖处理具有良好的隔热、吸水、保水作用,增加土壤的含水量,促进旱作水稻生长,有很好的增产效果,较对照分别增产1035.5kg/hm2、918.8 kg/hm2、566.9 kg/hm2,增幅为19.7%、17.5%、10.8%,增产达极显著水平;地膜覆盖具有增温、保水效果,较对照增产377.9kg/hm2,增幅为7.2%,增产达显著水平;纸膜覆盖处理较对照增产不显著。 相似文献
16.
在不同的酸碱度、光环境和营养等条件下对粉红聚端孢菌的菌落形态和孢子大小进行了研究．结果表明：该菌在不同条件下培养后,菌落颜色、形态以及分生孢子的大小有一定差异,病原菌分生孢子长圆形或洋梨形,无色或半透明,孢基偏乳头突起,双细胞,隔膜处略缢缩;在pH近中性及光照条件下,分生孢子大型化现象最显著;该菌能利用所有供试碳源,孢子大型化的最适碳源为木糖醇,在可溶性淀粉培养基上产生的孢子最小;在供试氮源中。孢子大型化最适氮源为甘氨酸,在L-胱氨酸、尿素、氯化铵培养基上不产孢子． 相似文献
17.
Calcium carbide slag, generated in the hydrolysis process of calcium carbide, is an potential carbon capture reagent because its main ingredient is Ca(OH)2. Calcium carbide slag, a by-product of a resin factory was used as carbon capture reagent. The change of pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the calcium carbide slag slurry with different solid-to-liquid ratios, as well as the capture efficiency and dynamics under different temperatures and flow rates of CO2 were studied. The properties of solid were characterized with XRD, TG-DTA, SEM and FT-IR before and after capturing carbon. The results show that the change of pH and EC were greater with low solid-to-liquid ratio than that with high solid-to-liquid ratio. The analysis of XRD and SEM show that the content of CaCO3 increased significantly, which improved that Ca(OH)2 and free CaO were reacted with CO2. The results of TG-DTA and FT-IR show that the physicochemical properties and microstructure of the slag changed after capturing CO2 because of the increase of CaCO3 content. All the results mentioned above improve the feasibility of utilizing calcium carbide slag to capture CO2 and offer a practical way for carbon emission reduction and disposal of wasted calcium carbide slag. 相似文献
18.
叶友贤 《三明高等专科学校学报》2014,(6):87-92
对选育的抗营养阻遏产酶黄孢原毛平革菌pc R5305菌株的产酶营养基质与环境条件进行了优化。实验结果表明pc R5305在37℃、初始p H4.5条件下,以酒石酸铵（富氮2.2g/L）,葡萄糖（20g/L）,Mn^2＋（0.2g/L）,Tween 80（1g/L）为主要成分的优质培养基中培养24h后添加5.2mmol/L苯甲醇,pc R5305的产酶活性最高。上述条件下,该菌接种后静置培养6 d,Li P活力可达到2013.59U/L,Mn P活力达到353.42U/L,分别提高了23.41%和27.97%。 相似文献
19.
从太湖中成功筛选出一株能够同时降解微囊藻毒素-RR(MC-RR)和微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)的土著细菌MC-LTH11.经鉴定,该菌属寡养单胞菌属,并含有mlrA基因.在含有藻毒素粗提物的培养基中,MCLTH11能够在6 d内将初浓度分别为37.13 mg/L的MC-RR和18.49 mg/L的MC-LR完全降解,并且降解速度受到pH值、温度、初始微囊藻毒素浓度和培养基种类的影响.此外,MC-LTH11能够在1 d内完全降解太湖水样中的微囊藻毒素.研究结果表明,寡养单胞菌MC-LTH11具备对微囊藻毒素污染水体的修复能力,并可能是太湖水华爆发后微囊藻毒素降解的重要因素. 相似文献
20.
7,3’,4’-三羟乙基芦丁结构中含有羟基、羧基、羰基等官能团,能和多种金属离子形成配合物.研究了7,3,4-三羟乙基芦丁-钯配合物的合成条件,探讨了形成配合物的配位机理.结果表明:7,3,4-三羟乙基芦丁与钯的物质的量比为2 1,溶液的pH 2.0,反应温度35℃,反应时间6 h,这些是7,3,4-三羟乙基芦丁与钯形成配合物的适宜条件;推测7,3,4-三羟乙基芦丁4位上的羰基氧和5位上的羟基氧参与配位反应形成配合物. 相似文献