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市场结构对企业R＆D的激励研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在有专利竞赛与无专利竞赛情形下对市场结构与R&;amp;D的关系进行研究。在无专利竞赛下,通过对不同市场结构下企业R&;amp;D动力的比较,本文认为竞争性市场结构有利于激励企业的技术创新。当存在专利竞赛时,对静态与动态竞争模型的考察均得到一致的结论,即垄断性企业有更大的动机从事R&;amp;D。 相似文献
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市场结构对企业R&D的激励研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在有专利竞赛与无专利竞赛情形下对市场结构与R&D的关系进行研究。在无专利竞赛下,通过对不同市场结构下企业R&D动力的比较,本文认为竞争性市场结构有利于激励企业的技术创新。当存在专利竞赛时,对静态与动态竞争模型的考察均得到一致的结论,即垄断性企业有更大的动机从事R&D。 相似文献
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预期理论着眼于减少后续发明竞赛中的重复投入,主张宽的专利宽度。发明竞赛理论与预期理论针锋相对,认为窄的专利宽度可以激励后续发明竞赛。租金耗散理论则提出了被预期理论所忽视的问题,即宽专利诞生前的发明竞赛同样导致专利租金耗散。本文认为,预期理论虽然曾一度主导着对专利宽度的研究、甚至主导了一些国家的专利政策,对专利宽度的研究要引入新的变量和新的视角,才能寻得促进新兴技术领域创新的最佳专利宽度。 相似文献
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本文根据研究团队的相关预研究,结合主题词、德温特手工代码、IPC分类号等方法,精心制定新能源汽车技术的检索策略,在德温特专利数据库平台上收集数据,对检索结果使用TDA软件进行分析,在此基础上对国际新能源汽车领域专利从年度专利走势、主要技术领域、竞争机构专利分析等维度进行了统计和对比分析。结果显示,全球范围内新能源专利一直在稳定增长,国外在专利布局方面都没有忽视在中国市场的专利申请,企业之间的合作关系不强。 相似文献
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“问题专利”是专利系统面临的最严重的问题之一。本文通过假设发明高度与研发投资存在正向关联关系，在专利质量和研发投资之间建立起联系，实现了专利质量的内生化。然后通过一个双寡头博弈模型，分析了不同局面下创新厂商的研发投资和专利许可行为以及非创新厂商的策略选择，进而对专利质量进行了分析和对比。结果表明，专利质量受确定性发明高度和研发效率的影响，市场结构与专利质量之间不存在单调一致的关联。法庭对专利侵权赔偿金额的设置很大程度上影响了潜在侵权者的行为，进而决定了市场结构。当显著性创新非常困难时，“问题专利”才能使社会福利达到最优。 相似文献
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由于技术创新能力与发达国家有较大差距,我国实行了保护性的专利审查机制,使国内企业能够更容易并更快速地获取专利权。国外企业在中国要想获取专利权往往需要等待更长时间,且获取专利权的难度大于国内企业。我们从专利授权和条件寿命期视角,结合企业的专利战略考虑对这种保护性审查机制的有效性进行了探讨。从申请专利保护的技术垄断效果看,保护性审查机制限制了国外企业专利竞争战略的实施。然而,相较于国内企业,国外企业出于专利市场收益的不确定性考虑,更倾向于延长专利的条件寿命期,保护性审查机制延迟授予国外企业专利权的做法无疑更有益于其专利市场战略的展开。另一方面,由于国内企业获取专利权相对容易,使得一些技术含量低、市场收益水平不高的专利被授权,增加了企业的专利权维持费用。因此,从专利战略视角看,保护性专利审查机制并不完全有利于国内企业。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献
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Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3):267-268
<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese 相似文献
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WANG Sijia 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(2):192-194
<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages. 相似文献