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1.
《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(32):203-215
Patents are invaluable sources of technological information, of importance not only to inventors, but also to the processes of economic development and technology transfer. Researching patents is an excellent means of tracking a business competitor, forecasting technological innovation, learning how to make and use a device or process, and finding answers to specific technical problems. Nevertheless, patents are under-used as sources of technical information. Many libraries, including the libraries of Penn State University, have established outreach programs to overcome that low use. Through the provision of such programs, libraries have the potential to be key players in the development of closer ties among universities, industries, and individual entrepreneurs. Locating patent information may not be an easy task, but it is not as complicated as many think. The development of computerized information systems has simplified the search process. Reference librarians, even non-documents librarians, can be of enormous assistance in leading researchers to patent information. However, they must be even more aware than usual of the need for confidentiality, when providing patent reference service. 相似文献
2.
《Journal of Government Information》1996,23(3):307-325
How do the librarians in the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) plan to perform a role in the electronic environment? Depository librarians must meet the challenge of changing how they think about government information libraries and their mission in order to provide citizen access services in an electronic environment. The new mission is to connect the user with information at the time of need, to instruct citizens in gaining access to government information, and to develop networking applications and programs that will help to put valuable content in the information infrastructure. If the FDLP and depository libraries are to prepare to perform that role, librarians need to take stock of their technological environment, deal with the political realities, and be critical of FDLP ideals that have taken on mythological proportions. A framework for the future of the FDLP can be built if depository librarians take advantage of the new communication technology. Depository librarians can use this technology to develop partnerships and networks of depository libraries, government agencies, commercial publishers, organizations of information professionals, and citizens. In turn, depository librarians could form the virtual associations needed to develop new dissemination programs; create user interface software; consolidate lobbying efforts to develop a nationwide electronic information policy; and provide community information networks with national links. Finally, communications technology could enable depository librarians to form a consortium of depository libraries to manage a government information dissemination library program. 相似文献
3.
《Government Information Quarterly》2000,17(3):273-290
During the 1990s the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) has undergone a transition from collections comprised exclusively of tangible print on paper or fiche publications to a mix of print and electronic materials. This article examines the impact of this transition on depository library operations—both collections and services—at the turn of the millennium. The discussion of reference service on depository materials is considered within the context of G. K. Zipf’s law, that is, people will tend to seek the path of least effort in gathering information. Given this tendency, the extensive use of the Web to deliver electronic depository materials redirects depository library users away from depository shelves to Web workstations, and leads depository librarians to build Web pages to direct their patrons. The conclusion is that for depository libraries the new collection mix poses a management paradox—the FDLP receives thousands of tangible documents each year, yet it must maintain new services for patrons turning increasingly to Web-based resources. 相似文献
4.
In this paper the authors present a preliminary discussion on some of the results from a survey aimed to explore, describe and explain some of the usability characteristics in digital libraries evaluation in the Mexican context. The study is framed in the evaluation of a multinational and monolingual digital library: the Miguel de Cervantes Virtual Library, from the University of Alicante in Spain. The evaluators were Mexican “expert” users (i.e. Spanish-speaking professional university librarians specialized in electronic reference services) who were asked to carry on an evaluation instrument based on usability criteria as taken from some models in developed countries. Some questions that might be answered with future research are outlined in this paper. 相似文献
5.
Hong Huang Samuel Kai Wah Chu Lesley Yuyang Liu Philip Yi Zheng 《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2017,43(4):329-336
This research examined the ways in which academic librarians and users interact when using social media tools such as Twitter and Weibo as well as end-users' and librarians' perceptions of the types of interaction through social media. The study conducted an analysis of 1600 microblog posts sampled from twenty university library Weibo (Chinese Twitter) sites and twenty library Twitter sites in English-speaking countries. The results were compared using Chi-Square analysis. Results indicated that at present academic librarians in English-speaking countries use post information relevant to the library (news and events) and respond to information/research inquiries. And academic librarians in China are likely to use Weibo to communicate with users and to disseminate library news. Given the lack of previous research on how social media such as micro-blogging in general facilitates communication between librarians and library users in academic libraries between in English-speaking countries and China, this study provides valuable information concerning librarians' and end-users' interactions of information/knowledge sharing activities, which will enable libraries to be better positioned to promote user engagement through SNS usage. 相似文献
6.
An evaluation of student online searches explored the value of staff assistance to trained end users searching BRS Menus. Interactions between 19 student volunteers and library staff “coaches” were analyzed via tape recordings, a a questionnaire, and postsearch interviews. The results, and a discussion of their implications, are presented here. 相似文献
7.
《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(54):53-73
Technological, economic, social, and demographic developments transcend every library and affect the way libraries provide services to users. This article reviews societal and general library trends in relation to roles of reference staff in libraries. Four bends are described that characterize the substance of future directions of front line reference librarians. These include contextual perceptions, technological competence, a human dimension, and creativity and innovation. Front line reference librarians must be astute environmental scanners; technological wizards; sensitive, proactive, advocates of diverse library users; and creative innovators of information delivery systems. 相似文献
8.
Andrei Mogoutov Alberto Cambrosio Peter Keating Philippe Mustar 《Journal of Informetrics》2008,2(4):341-353
Using the example of microarrays, one of the constitutive technologies of post-genomic biomedicine, this paper introduces a method for analyzing publications, patents and research grants as proxies for “triple-helix interfaces” between university, industry and government activities. Our method creates bridges that allow one to move seamlessly between publication, patent and research project databases that use different fields and formats, and contain different information. These links do not require pre-defined categories in order to search for correspondences between sub-topics or research areas in the three databases. Finally, our results are not restricted to quantitative information but, rather, allow one to carry out qualitative investigations of the content of research activities. Our approach draws on a combination of text-mining and network analysis/mapping software packages. 相似文献
9.
Information overload interferes with our abilities to use information effectively. It represents a challenge in searching print as well as online collections. Academic librarians have developed strategies to help their patrons reduce the effects of information overload. This article provides best practices employed by academic librarians to reduce their users’ information overload. Five themes emerged in a review of the literature: information presentation, library instruction, user strategies, librarian roles, and software technologies. Information literacy instruction remains particularly important in combating information overload since the promotion of users’ research skills facilitates their search competencies. Research on information problem solving that focuses on metacognitive strategies may help decrease information overload among users searching digital libraries. 相似文献
10.
《Journal of Government Information》1996,23(4):369-380
The Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) has served as a major public access point for government information for well over 130 years. Recent budget cuts to the U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO) appropriations and an increased use of electronic formats for dissemination purposes have created many changes and problems for the system and the depository libraries that serve it. This article discusses the history of the FDLP and the impact of new formats in the last 25 years—especially electronic information. It also discusses the future of the FDLP and some of the problems that electronic information has brought to depository libraries and the need of depository librarians to accept and manage these new formats. 相似文献
11.
Joanne C. Parandjuk 《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(2):124-134
Information users face increasing amounts of digital content, some of which is held in digital library collections. Academic librarians have the dual challenge of organizing online library content and instructing users in how to find, evaluate, and use digital information. Information architecture supports evolving library services by bringing best practice principles to digital collection development. Information architects organize content with a user-centered, customer oriented approach that benefits library users in resource discovery. The Publication of Archival, Library & Museum Materials (PALMM), a cooperative digital initiative of the state university libraries of Florida, demonstrates the value of information architecture to digital libraries. 相似文献
12.
文章旨在再验证专利被引证数作为评估专利价值指标的准确性,并结合专利引文进行深入剖析。利用美国专利数据库检索中置式电动车电控辅助装置、亲水性医用脱脂纱布、军用紧急绷带技术领域的专利,统计专利的被引证数,并采用专家评估结果加以比较。研究结果表明:仅有中置式电动车电控辅助装置专利,专家评估与被引证数指标评估的结果一致;而专利被引证次数因受时间因素影响,早期专利的被引证数较高,但不一定是高价值的专利;存在一些很少被引用,但根据专家评估原则及专利本身具备的特征,被评估为高价值的专利,即可能存在睡美人专利现象。对专利价值评估,不能仅从专利被引证数指标判断,还可应用其他评价方法,更客观反映专利价值,减少专利评价过程中可能存在的风险,以保护企业的技术创新。 相似文献
13.
Public librarians in South Korea assist users in obtaining information on a variety of topics. However, health-related information and services have a lower profile than other services due to a perceived lack of librarian expertise in searching and evaluating health resources. Although public library users are actively seeking health information, it has become critical for both public librarians and users to develop skills for using and evaluating Internet health resources. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify a set of useful criteria to evaluate online health web sites for both librarians and library users. From a comprehensive literature review, 33 criteria related to health website evaluation were identified. Using this set of criteria, South Korean public librarians and users were asked to rate the importance of each criterion in surveys. A strong consensus was found between the two groups. The top 10 most highly rated criteria from both groups were identified and compared. The results led to the development of an initial set of 12 evaluation criteria for health websites. It is expected that the final set of criteria will be used by public librarians to recommend the best health websites to their users. Although the study was conducted in South Korean public libraries, the findings are applicable in providing evaluation services of health websites to libraries worldwide. 相似文献
14.
《Medical reference services quarterly》2013,32(2):11-14
Many new microcomputer users are looking to libraries and librarians for assistance in getting started with online searching. The authors describe the objectives and content of an initial presentation on do-it-yourself online searching given to interested patrons at the J. Hillis Miller Health Center Library. The future role of the health sciences librarian in the education of end user searchers is discussed. 相似文献
15.
《Journal of Government Information》1998,25(3):263-276
This article presents the results from a survey intended to determine how academic libraries in the United States manage and promote their state document collections. In November 1996, a six-part questionnaire (including general information; coordination of state documents; selection and acquisition of state documents; location of and access to state documents; use of state documents; and electronic access to state documents) was distributed to 350 academic libraries including one flagship institution in each state and 300 institutions randomly selected from the Higher Education Directory, 1996. Two hundred seventy-seven libraries responded to the questionnaire, for a return rate of 79.1 percent. The answers to the survey indicate that about 54 percent of the respondents participate in a state document depository program, and less than 50 percent have a designated librarian coordinating state documents. State documents are acquired either through purchases or through the depository program, are circulated and integrated with the general collections, classified in accordance with the Library of Congress classification system, and accessed through the library Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC). The librarians responding to the questionnaire perceived the use of state documents as limited. 相似文献
16.
《Journal of Government Information》1999,26(5):453-465
Small business executives were studied to assess their need for government information, their awareness of its availability, and the extent to which government information searching was affected by factors such as their information need, availability awareness, and individual and company background characteristics. Data were collected through mailed survey questionnaires to small businesses in New Jersey. The results showed that the regulatory and legislative information was rated the most important to small businesses, and that less than one-third of respondents were fully aware that government information is available in multiple formats at local depository libraries with no user cost. Data also showed that more frequent users viewed government information of higher value, and were more aware of its availability. These executives were also more likely to perceive high industry competitiveness of their companies, to own a computer, and to have Internet access. Implications for library services and research are discussed. 相似文献
17.
18.
Don MacMillan 《Research Strategies》2005,20(3):149-161
Patents are an underutilized source of scientific information, particularly in the life and health sciences. Patents and patent applications usually contain the first disclosure of new technologies and processes and serve to link theory with practice, providing ‘real world’ examples of the application of scientific research. Increasingly, scientific discoveries are reported first in the patent literature, rather than in academic journals. To ensure that science students have the skills that match the information resources they will use as professionals, patent searching must become part of their information literacy instruction. This article will discuss how valuable the patent literature can be to students, and how to incorporate patent searching into library instruction. By way of illustration, a case study will document how students in one class, Biochemistry 561, were introduced to patents. 相似文献
19.
对我国专利法实施25年来在我国受理的涉馆专利和图书馆人申报的专利从多角度进行了总结和分析。研究发现目前涉馆专利已存在较大竞争,但图书馆人在涉馆专利中所占份额不高,而在图书馆人的专利中涉及图书馆的专利所占份额也不高。针对图书馆人对自身行业专利重视不够和动力不足等问题,提出了促进图书馆人涉馆专利加快发展的策略。 相似文献
20.
《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(40):43-51
Academic reference and instruction librarians are commited to providing excellent and appropriate service to their library users. However, the increasing diversity of users in today's academic libraries, coupled with the overwhelming amount of information available in a variety of formats, often form barriers which prevent users from feeling sufficiently comfortable in approaching the reference desk to ask for assistance. Guidelines are suggested for use by academic librarians in evaluating facilities, services and staff in their libraries to assess their effectiveness in welcoming users and validating their information needs. 相似文献