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Analysing knowledge transfer channels between universities and industry: To what degree do sectors also matter? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
There is a wide variety of channels through which knowledge and technology is being transferred between universities and industry. This paper aims to explain the relative importance of these different channels in different contexts. For this purpose, responses from two questionnaires were analysed, addressing Dutch industrial and university researchers, respectively. A reassuring result is that the perceived importance of the 23 distinct transfer channels we distinguished hardly differs between industry and university: we did not observe a major mismatch. Overall, our results suggest that the industrial activities of firms do not significantly explain differences in importance of a wide variety of channels through which knowledge between university and industry might be transferred. Instead, this variety is better explained by the disciplinary origin, the characteristics of the underlying knowledge, the characteristics of researchers involved in producing and using this knowledge (individual characteristics), and the environment in which knowledge is produced and used (institutional characteristics). Based on our findings, we offer policy recommendations. 相似文献
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Research collaboration is a key mechanism for linking distributed knowledge and competencies into novel ideas and research venues. The need for effective inter-institutional knowledge flows is of particular importance in emerging domains of research, and also a challenge for public research systems with a high degree of institutional differentiation. Motivated by concerns about favorable institutional conditions for the conduct of scientific research, we analyze research collaboration in the emergent domain of nanoscience within the highly segmented German public research system. Drawing on multiple data sources, such as co-publications, macro research statistics, and in-depth interviews, we identify governance structures that support or hinder scientists’ efforts to engage in collaborative work relations across institutional boundaries. 相似文献
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开放科学从新制度经济学视角为产学研协同创新提供了系统的分析框架。该理论将产业和学术部门视为两种不同的制度组织,强调产学研协同创新的制度逻辑来源于:知识的异质性、知识的公共物品属性和新制度选择逻辑。开放科学视角下的产学研协同创新的机理是企业纳税给政府,政府进行资源配置并资助大学的公共研究,大学在发现优先权和学术声誉的报酬体制下向企业开放知识,企业积极地吸收公共科学知识、并实现产业化。这种产学研协同创新的社会契约是开放科学制度选择的必然结果。 相似文献
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本文以国内主要的大学机构知识库为调研对象,对大学机构知识库的建设和运行中存在的问题和弊端进行了深刻的分析和探讨。文章认为区域联盟工程应用型高校机构知识库应该突出机构资源实践应用的特色,组织模式体现区域联盟特色,是建设和管理机构知识库的关键点。本文探讨了区域联盟体内高校和其它机构之间联合建设机构知识库的构建模式、组织机制、机构资源的甄选、机构库平台的建设、宣传与推广等内容。 相似文献
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产学研的协同创新需要制度予以支持,而现有研究鲜有从制度支持这一“帮助之手”视角展开探讨。因此,本文依据二分法制度理论,在将制度支持分为正式和非正式制度支持两个维度的基础上,就2010-2016年间中国大陆30个省市区的数据,采用固定效应模型和面板校正标准误方法探究制度支持对产学研协同创新的影响,并考察在这一影响过程中企业吸收能力的调节作用以及产学研合作紧密度的中介作用。研究结果表明,作为“帮助之手”,正式和非正式制度支持均对产学研协同创新有正向影响;企业吸收能力增强了正式制度支持对产学研协同创新的影响,但却减弱了非正式制度支持对产学研协同创新的影响;产学研合作紧密度在正式和非正式制度支持影响产学研协同创新中均起到部分中介作用。本文的研究结果能够为从制度支持视角促进产学研协同创新提出建议,推动产学研协同创新的发展。 相似文献
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P. Craig Boardman 《Research Policy》2009,38(10):1505-1516
This paper uses data from a national survey of academic researchers in the US to detect how different types of university research centers affect individual-level university–industry interactions. The results suggest that while affiliation with an industry-related center correlates positively with the likelihood of an academic researcher having had any research-related interactions with private companies, affiliation with centers sponsored by government centers programs correlates positively with the level of industry involvement, no matter whether these centers additionally have ties to private companies. The analysis takes the “scientific and technical human capital” approach, which draws from theories of social capital and human capital and proves useful for framing the institutional and resource-based perspectives that characterize much of the literature on university–industry interactions. The scientific and technical human capital approach is taken because its emphasis on the research capacities of individual academic researchers provides a more direct explanation of government centrality to academic researchers’ industry involvement than provide either the resource-based or institutional views. Implications for policy and management as well as for future applications of the scientific and technical human capital approach are discussed. 相似文献
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Research collaboration is perhaps the singular feature that university research centers, broadly defined, share. Yet, there has been little systematic study of the center-level attributes that facilitate (or hinder) research collaboration at the individual level. This paper estimates whether center-level measures of research capacity and structure affect center affiliated university scientists’ and engineers’ collaborative behaviors. We consider the effects of center multidisciplinarity, size, and center ties to private firms and to federally funded centers programs on the time allocated to collaboration with researchers from industry, other universities, government laboratories, and abroad. Our analyses compare center to non-center scientists and also address within-group differences among center scientists. The findings demonstrate some center-level attributes to “map” to the expected collaborative behaviors while other center-level attributes do not. We conclude with a discussion of areas for future research and implications for the design and management of university research centers. 相似文献
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This paper presents the results of an exploration of factors influencing the organisation and conduct of academic research collaborations in Kenya. A mixed methods research design, involving 248 academics in four disciplines across four major public Kenyan universities, was employed. The study reveals a relatively high level of collaborative research which varies by disciplinary areas. Resource dependence emerged as having a strong influence on decisions to collaborate for this community. This was mainly attributed to low levels of investment in funding research, at both the institutional and national level. At the institutional level, inadequate policies, high levels of bureaucracy, competition among local institutions, weak links with industry, and a major focus on teaching as opposed to research, were reported as barriers to collaborative research. These contextual issues informed the resulting discussion of factors that affect collaborative research in Kenya. 相似文献
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协同创新是近年来学者们研究的热点所在,本文选取CNKI收录的941篇核心期刊论文为样本,基于共词分析视角构建协同创新关键词的共词矩阵,运用社会网络分析、聚类分析、战略坐标等方法构建协同创新研究的可视化知识图谱。研究表明,协同创新是一个较为活跃的研究领域,高等学校、创新能力、人才培养等关键词在网络中处于核心位置,同时成为协同创新近期研究的热点;协同创新的研究主要分为5个主题：高校协同创新、产学研一体化、科技体制改革、企业创新模式、产业协同制造,并且各主题在协同创新研究领域具有不同的重要性和位置。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(1):104369
Research about the Covid-19 pandemic has taken center stage in shaping the work of many scholars, inter alia highlighting the importance of research in addressing the grand challenges humanity faces. However, the pandemic has also ushered in increased administrative, teaching and out of work commitments for many researchers, leading to concerns that academics will become less willing to invest time in obtaining resources to undertake non-Covid-related projects. Using a large-scale survey of business, economics and management researchers, coupled with their publication histories and additional institutional data, we examine how far individuals experienced the focus on the pandemic as ‘crowding out’ interest in, and undermining their confidence in applying for grants for work not focused on the pandemic. We found 40% of the sample agree that the pandemic has impaired their confidence in applying for non-pandemic-related grants and ‘crowded out’ other projects. Researchers with current and prior grants, particularly those with the most experience of holding grants, scholars whose work ‘impacted’ beyond academia, and early career researchers, disproportionately considered themselves to be most affected. We also found that researchers’ perceptions differed based on institutional characteristics. We discuss the implications of these findings for grant providers and national research agencies as well as for individual academic researchers and the institutions in which they work. 相似文献
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科学基金制度对基础科研合作的引导效用分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
摘要：本文首先简要分析了合作研究在基础科学发展中的重要作用,在此基础上分析了基础科研合作所面临的主要阻碍是基础科研领域的“市场失效性”及基础科研团队的“专业单一性”;进而分析了科学基金制度在推进基础科研合作和营造合作良好环境方面的突出效用,分析了基金制度对于基础科研合作的促进机理。 相似文献
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产学研协同创新的知识协同影响因素实证研究 《科学学研究》2017,35(10):1567-1577
在对相关文献进行研究基础上,提出产学研协同创新的知识协同影响因素理论模型及相关假设。通过调查问卷数据统计研究表明,组织之间的协同意愿、知识异质性以及组织知识能力等影响因素对产学研协同创新的知识协同存在显著的正向影响;环境复杂性对知识协同绩效存在显著的负向影响;知识协同机制在各影响因素对知识协同绩效的影响过程中起到中介作用。研究结论为产学研协同创新实践工作提供了有益借鉴。 相似文献
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In this paper we present the results of a study on the potentialities of “bibliometric” (publication and citation) data as tools for university research policy. In this study bibliometric indicators were calculated for all research groups in the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at the University of Leiden. Bibliometric results were discussed with a number of researchers from the two faculties involved.Our main conclusion is that the use of bibliometric data for evaluation purposes carries a number of problems, both with respect to data collection and handling, and with respect to the interpretation of bibliometric results. However, most of these problems can be overcome. When used properly, bibliometric indicators can provide a “monitoring device” for university research-management and science policy. They enable research policy-makers to ask relevant questions of researchers on their scientific performance, in order to find explanations of the bibliometric results in terms of factors relevant to policy. 相似文献
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以江浙沪三地为研究对象,结合三地2008—2016年的面板数据,探讨制度临近性、认知邻近性和经济邻近性等因素对协同创新绩效的影响。实证结果表明,经济邻近性和制度邻近性能够促进协同创新绩效的提升;认知邻近性与协同创新绩效的关系呈倒U形。模型测度结果显示,江浙沪地区之间的认知邻近性较高,已对协同创新绩效产生抑制作用;经济邻近性和制度邻近性对跨区域协同创新绩效尚处于正向影响阶段。最后基于实证结果提出政策建议。 相似文献
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We investigate how universities’ research quality shapes their engagement with industry. Previous research has predominantly found a positive relationship between academics’ research quality and their commercialization activities. Here we use industry involvement measures that are broader than commercialization and indicate actual collaboration, i.e. collaborative research, contract research and consulting. We hypothesise that the relationship between faculty quality and industry engagement differs across disciplines, depending on complementarities between industrial and academic work, and resource requirements. Using a dataset covering all UK universities, we find that in technology-oriented disciplines, departmental faculty quality is positively related to industry involvement. In the medical and biological sciences we find a positive effect of departmental faculty quality but establish that this does not apply to star scientists. In the social sciences, we find some support for a negative relationship between faculty quality and particularly the more applied forms of industry involvement. The implication for science policy makers and university managers is that differentiated approaches to promoting university-industry relationships are required. 相似文献
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将合法性与以往被认为在战略实施中起支持作用的资源作为战略选择的影响因素,探索它们对中国企业制度创业战略选择的影响。提出一个合法性与资源约束下的二元制度创业战略选择框架,认为企业根据合法性对其当前运营的重要程度,以及企业受到的资源约束的强度的不同,会倾向于选择优先/重点实施、暂缓实施、并行实施或者拼凑实施某种制度创业战略。 相似文献
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首先，调查了撤稿观察数据库（RWD）中截至2022年5月21日因“缺伦理审批”或“无患者知情同意”科技伦理失范（EMSR）论文的发表及撤回（包括撤稿、关注、更正）时间、署名作者来源国家及机构、来源期刊及出版商、学科分布及相关撤回原因等状况；结果显示，近年来全球EMSR原因撤回论文呈上升趋势，且中国作者参与的数量增加明显，95.35%的EMSR撤回论文集中在健康科学和基础生命科学领域。其次，结合科技伦理问题呈现的多样性和复杂性，提出了强化科研活动全流程科技伦理监管策略；最后，作为期刊人，从压实主体责任的视角，提出了科技期刊参与科技伦理协同治理的思考和建议：科技期刊可通过对科研者的伦理宣传教育、投稿论文的协同伦理审查把关以及撤稿惩戒等手段发挥协同共治的作用。 相似文献