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我国男子速度滑冰运动员疾跑技术的运动学特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
运用标准的三维摄像DLT法测量和录像解析的方法,以参加2008年全国第11届冬季运动会速度滑冰500m比赛的18名健将级男运动员为研究对象,对其进行500m比赛疾跑前4步下肢蹬冰技术的运动学研究。通过对运动员疾跑阶段步频、步幅和身体姿态髋、膝、踝关节角度及重心高度、着冰角、蹬冰角的变化分析,指出我国男子速度滑冰优秀运动员在疾跑阶段步频差异不显著,步幅、着冰角和蹬冰角的大小对500m比赛的疾跑速度影响较大。 相似文献
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短跑道速度滑冰中,弯道路程占总路程的一半,因此,弯道技术对运动成绩影响很大。为研究弯道技术,采用影像测量方法对九冬会比赛中优秀运动员的弯道动作技术进行生物力学分析。从测试数据看,女子运动员在11.33 m/s以上,男子运动员在11.88 m/s以上;从曲线图看,男女运动员的同侧髋、膝角度一时间曲线形状相似,这表明同侧腿关节角度变化规律相同,支撑腿髋、膝动作协调,摆动腿髋、膝动作协调,蹬冰腿髋、膝角同时发力。对比以前测试的一些短道弯道速滑动作图表,可知,只有优秀运动员才具有同侧关节角度一时间曲线形状高度相似的特点,此现象揭示了优秀短道速滑运动员的动作结构特点。此外,单支撑阶段速度上升,而双支撑阶段速度下降,可能表明单支撑蹬冰比双支撑蹬冰更有效。 相似文献
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短道速度滑冰技术动作分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
对运动员的比赛动作进行了运动生物力学分析 ,得知在弯道弧顶 7m长的距离内 ,在高速滑跑的情况下 ,所有运动员都没有完整的单步 ,多数运动员以右单支撑进入该区域 ,以双支撑离开该区域。从身体姿势看 ,蹲屈姿势低 ,上体姿势高。所有运动员都以较低的上体姿势进入弧顶段而以较高姿势离开。身体倾角和蹬冰角越小 ,滑速越快。从弯道弧顶段的平均速度来看 ,女运动员 5 0 0 m的平均速度比 10 0 0 m要快 ,单支撑蹬冰阶段的平均速度比双支撑蹬冰阶段快 ,单支撑阶段的纵向蹬冰是弯道增速的主要动力来源。双支撑阶段的侧蹬冰仍是提高弯道速度的重要手段。双支撑阶段浮腿着冰较早 ,而蹬冰腿迟迟不进行侧蹬冰是导致速度下降的主要原因 相似文献
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王新 《沈阳体育学院学报》2005,24(6):48-51
运用三维DLT摄像法,对国内两名优秀速滑运动员直道滑行技术进行运动学分析。研究结果表明:运动员自由滑行时间和单支撑时间偏长,降低了蹬冰频率;大腿带动小腿蹬冰动作不明显,在单支撑蹬冰阶段加大髋关节的蹬伸幅度,有利于发挥肌肉力量,提高蹬冰效果;在整个蹬冰过程中髋、膝关节起主要作用,单支撑蹬冰阶段膝关节伸展幅度过小,将造成消极蹬冰,影响肌力发挥;自由滑阶段较大的膝角导致压膝幅度增大,压膝幅度越大,压膝时间越长,对蹬冰效果造成的负面影响越大。 相似文献
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揭示优秀速滑运动员蹬冰技术的时间特点，对明确clap式冰刀蹬冰技术动作结构具有重要意义。通过运动学三维摄像方法分析后认为：在一个单步中．有单步支撑时间大于左单步，而这种时值的延长体现在单支撑阶段；从蹬冰腿关节的伸展时机上看，踝关节的缓冲时间表现为右腿大于左腿，但缓冲时间占整个单步时间的百分比却相同，具有明显的规律性；从下肢三大关节伸展角速度达到最大值的时机上看，髋、膝关节具有相对的同步性，但踝关节却具有一定的延迟性。 相似文献
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世界优秀速滑运动员弯道蹬冰技术的时间特征分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
揭示优秀速滑运动员蹬冰技术的时间特点，对明确clap式冰刀蹬冰技术动作结构具有重要的意义。通过运动学3维摄像方法分析后认为：在一个单步中右单步支撑时间大于左单步，而这种时值的延长体现在单支撑阶段；从蹬冰腿关节的伸展时机上看，踝关节的缓冲时间表现为右腿大于左腿，但缓冲时间占整个单步时间的百分比却相同，具有明显的规律性；从下肢三大关节伸展角速度达到最大值的时机上看，髋、膝关节具有相对的同步性，但踝关节却具有一定的延迟性。 相似文献
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《西安体育学院学报》2019,(1):88-94
目的探讨放置在羽毛球鞋前掌部位的楔形结构对前场蹬跨步动作产生的影响,为提高羽毛球鞋的运动表现及防护羽毛球运动损伤提供参考。方法招募20名高校羽毛球专项学生作为受试者,采用重复性测量的实验设计。实验用鞋为前掌部位放置了2种不同高度楔形结构的羽毛球鞋和作为对照鞋的普通羽毛球鞋。结果楔形结构能够增大前场蹬跨步动作触地阶段的跖趾关节最大背屈角度(P <0. 05)和跖趾关节活动范围(P <0. 05),增加跖趾关节最大蹬伸速度(P <0. 01),增加踝关节最大外翻角度(P <0. 05),降低踝关节最大内翻角度(P <0. 05),能够降低前足受到的侧向力(P <0. 05),增加踝关节的最大外翻力矩(P <0. 05),增大踝关节最大跖屈力矩(P <0. 01)。结论 (1)在运动员完成前场蹬跨步动作的着地阶段,穿着前掌具有楔形结构的羽毛球鞋没有对膝关节运动产生影响,未来研究应关注于楔形结构的高度及材料硬度对膝关节的影响。(2)前掌楔形结构降低了运动员踝关节的稳定性,建议作为训练鞋使用以增加训练效果,但在比赛中应谨慎穿着。(3) 0. 008 m楔形高度羽毛球鞋不仅能够增加前场蹬跨步着地过程中跖趾关节的蹬伸速度,帮助提升运动表现,而且能够降低前足受到的侧向力,改善鞋的缓冲效果,有助于降低羽毛球运动中前足的损伤风险。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献