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1.
Computed results from a mathematical model of the bioenergetics of sprinting, which incorporates a three-equation representation of anaerobic metabolism, were compared with measured distance-time data for female athletes from the finals of the 100-m event at the World Championships of 1987. The computed results closely model the performance of the competitors over the course of the entire race. The three main contributions to anaerobic metabolism were investigated and comparisons were made between male and female sprinters. Whereas the time constants for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine utilization for the two sexes were found to be similar, for oxygen-independent glycolysis the time constants of the female athletes were found to be higher. The maximum powers generated by female athletes during ATP conversion and glycolysis were only slightly lower than the figures found for male athletes, but the value for phosphocreatine utilization was substantially lower. The lower value for phosphocreatine utilization might explain the more pronounced fall-off in running speed over the latter stages of a race that female athletes experience in comparison with men. Although anaerobic sources dominate energy provision for both male and female sprinters, the calculations show that the latter make greater use of aerobic energy supplies. 相似文献
2.
刘洋波 《体育科技文献通报》2013,(10):32-34
以26名优秀男子短跑运动员为研究对象,采用MONARK 894E无氧功率自行车分别进行10s、30s、60s无氧功率测试,并对运动后血乳酸浓度和安静状态、运动中、运动后心率进行测定分析。旨在研究100m、200m、400m优秀男子短跑运动员的磷酸原、糖酵解和混合无氧供能能力的特征。为合理制定发展专项无氧代谢能力的训练计划、科学进行运动监控提供服务。研究结果显示：100m、200m、400m运动员的无氧代谢能力具有显著的项目特征;100m运动员的磷酸原代谢能力最强,200m和400m运动员次之;400m运动员的糖酵乳酸能供能能力强于200m运动员,200m运动员强于100m运动员;100m、200m、400m运动员各自在接近于自己项目所需时间的10s、30s、60s无氧功率测试中均表现出显著的专项特点。 相似文献
3.
Energy system contribution to 1500- and 3000-metre track running 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aim of the present study was to quantify the contributions of the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems to 1500- and 3000-m track running events during all-out time-trials performed individually on a synthetic athletic track. Ten 3000-m (8 males, 2 females) and fourteen 1500-m (10 males, 4 females) trained track athletes volunteered to participate in the study. The athletes performed a graded exercise test in the laboratory and two time-trials over 1500 or 3000 m. The contributions of the energy systems were calculated by measures of race oxygen uptake, accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD), race blood lactate concentration, estimated phosphocreatine degradation and some individual muscle metabolite data. The relative aerobic energy system contribution (based on AOD measures) for the 3000 m was 86% (male) and 94% (female), while for the 1500 m it was 77% (male) and 86% (female). Estimates of anaerobic energy expenditure based on blood lactate concentrations, while not significantly different (P > 0.05), were generally lower compared with the AOD measures. In conclusion, the results of the present study conform with some recent laboratory-based measures of energy system contributions to these events. 相似文献
4.
The aim of the present study was to quantify the contributions of the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems to 1500- and 3000-m track running events during all-out time-trials performed individually on a synthetic athletic track. Ten 3000-m (8 males, 2 females) and fourteen 1500-m (10 males, 4 females) trained track athletes volunteered to participate in the study. The athletes performed a graded exercise test in the laboratory and two time-trials over 1500 or 3000?m. The contributions of the energy systems were calculated by measures of race oxygen uptake, accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD), race blood lactate concentration, estimated phosphocreatine degradation and some individual muscle metabolite data. The relative aerobic energy system contribution (based on AOD measures) for the 3000?m was 86% (male) and 94% (female), while for the 1500?m it was 77% (male) and 86% (female). Estimates of anaerobic energy expenditure based on blood lactate concentrations, while not significantly different (P?>?0.05), were generally lower compared with the AOD measures. In conclusion, the results of the present study conform with some recent laboratory-based measures of energy system contributions to these events. 相似文献
5.
DAVID W. HILL 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):477-483
The aim of this study was to estimate the energy contributions in middle-distance running events for male and female university athletes. The oxygen uptake (VO2) response during high-speed running was measured directly during exhaustive treadmill tests. Muscle mass was estimated using anthropometry. Each athlete completed an average of three races over 400 m, 800 m or 1500 m. Five minutes after each race, they provided a blood sample for determination of blood lactate concentration. For each race, energy cost, which was expressed as oxygen equivalents, was calculated as the sum of the aerobic and anaerobic components. The aerobic contribution was calculated as the sum of oxygen stores (2.3 ml O2.kg body mass-1) and total VO2 (based on the VO2 response to treadmill running). The anaerobic contribution was calculated as the sum of the energy available from phosphocreatine stores (37 ml O2.kg muscle mass-1) and the energy from glycolysis (3.0 ml O2.kg body mass-1 per mmol.l-1 increase in blood lactate concentration). For the women, the anaerobic energy contributions for the 400 m, 800 m and 1500 m averaged 62% 33% and 17% respectively. For the men, the anaerobic contributions averaged 63%39% and 20%respectively. This information will help coaches and sport scientists to design and implement individualized training programmes. 相似文献
6.
D W Hill 《Journal of sports sciences》1999,17(6):477-483
The aim of this study was to estimate the energy contributions in middle-distance running events for male and female university athletes. The oxygen uptake (VO2) response during high-speed running was measured directly during exhaustive treadmill tests. Muscle mass was estimated using anthropometry. Each athlete completed an average of three races over 400 m, 800 m or 1500 m. Five minutes after each race, they provided a blood sample for determination of blood lactate concentration. For each race, energy cost, which was expressed as oxygen equivalents, was calculated as the sum of the aerobic and anaerobic components. The aerobic contribution was calculated as the sum of oxygen stores (2.3 ml O2.kg body mass-1) and total VO2 (based on the VO2 response to treadmill running). The anaerobic contribution was calculated as the sum of the energy available from phosphocreatine stores (37 ml O2.kg muscle mass-1) and the energy from glycolysis (3.0 ml O2.kg body mass-1 per mmol.l-1 increase in blood lactate concentration). For the women, the anaerobic energy contributions for the 400 m, 800 m and 1500 m averaged 62%, 33% and 17%, respectively. For the men, the anaerobic contributions averaged 63%, 39% and 20%, respectively. This information will help coaches and sport scientists to design and implement individualized training programmes. 相似文献
7.
As a wide range of values has been reported for the relative energetics of 400-m and 800-m track running events, this study aimed to quantify the respective aerobic and anaerobic energy contributions to these events during track running. Sixteen trained 400-m (11 males, 5 females) and 11 trained 800-m (9 males, 2 females) athletes participated in this study. The participants performed (on separate days) a laboratory graded exercsie test and multiple race time-trials. The relative energy system contribution was calculated by multiple methods based upon measures of race [Vdot]O2, accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD), blood lactate and estimated phosphocreatine degradation (lactate/PCr). The aerobic/anaerobic energy system contribution (AOD method) to the 400-m event was calculated as 41/59% (male) and 45/55% (female). For the 800-m event, an increased aerobic involvement was noted with a 60/40% (male) and 70/30% (female) respective contribution. Significant (P <?0.05) negative correlations were noted between race performance and anaerobic energy system involvement (lactate/PCr) for the male 800-m and female 400-m events (r = ? 0.77 and ??0.87 respectively). These track running data compare well with previous estimates of the relative energy system contributions to the 400-m and 800-m events. Additionally, the relative importance and speed of interaction of the respective metabolic pathways has implications to training for these events. 相似文献
8.
As a wide range of values has been reported for the relative energetics of 400-m and 800-m track running events, this study aimed to quantify the respective aerobic and anaerobic energy contributions to these events during track running. Sixteen trained 400-m (11 males, 5 females) and 11 trained 800-m (9 males, 2 females) athletes participated in this study. The participants performed (on separate days) a laboratory graded exercsie test and multiple race time-trials. The relative energy system contribution was calculated by multiple methods based upon measures of race VO2, accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD), blood lactate and estimated phosphocreatine degradation (lactate/PCr). The aerobic/anaerobic energy system contribution (AOD method) to the 400-m event was calculated as 41/59% (male) and 45/55% (female). For the 800-m event, an increased aerobic involvement was noted with a 60/40% (male) and 70/30% (female) respective contribution. Significant (P < 0.05) negative correlations were noted between race performance and anaerobic energy system involvement (lactate/PCr) for the male 800-m and female 400-m events (r = - 0.77 and - 0.87 respectively). These track running data compare well with previous estimates of the relative energy system contributions to the 400-m and 800-m events. Additionally, the relative importance and speed of interaction of the respective metabolic pathways has implications to training for these events. 相似文献
9.
The aims of this study were to identify whether relative shape and size characteristics of world-class sprinters have changed over time, and whether any anthropometric parameters characterize the most successful world-class sprinters. The results suggest that body mass index, reflecting greater muscle mass rather than greater adiposity, is an important factor associated with success in both male and female world-class sprinters over time. However, in female athletes the reciprocal ponderal index (RPI) has emerged as a more important indicator of success over several decades, with taller, more linear sprinters achieving greater success, as measured by sprint speed. In male sprinters it is only in the most recent decade that RPI has emerged as an important predictor of success. We speculate that the prominence of the RPI and an ectomophic somatotype being typical of the most successful world-class sprinters might be explained, in part, by the influence of stride length on sprint speed. In conclusion, these results suggest that coaches, selectors, and sports scientists should consider body shape when selecting potential athletes for sprint events, encouraging more linear athletes with a high RPI. 相似文献
10.
Selected kinematic variables of the foot segments and the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint were investigated in relation to sprinting performance among 100 m sprint athletes at the 2000 Summer Olympic Games. It was hypothesized that the kinematics of the MTP joint, and forefoot and rearfoot segments, are related to sprint performance for both male and female athletes. Kinematic sagittal plane data were collected using two digital video cameras recording at 120 fields per second. It was determined that faster male sprinters experienced higher maximal rates of MTP extension, and faster female sprinters touch down with higher posterior sole angles and take off with lower posterior sole angles. 相似文献
11.
Abstract The aims of this study were to identify whether relative shape and size characteristics of world-class sprinters have changed over time, and whether any anthropometric parameters characterize the most successful world-class sprinters. The results suggest that body mass index, reflecting greater muscle mass rather than greater adiposity, is an important factor associated with success in both male and female world-class sprinters over time. However, in female athletes the reciprocal ponderal index (RPI) has emerged as a more important indicator of success over several decades, with taller, more linear sprinters achieving greater success, as measured by sprint speed. In male sprinters it is only in the most recent decade that RPI has emerged as an important predictor of success. We speculate that the prominence of the RPI and an ectomophic somatotype being typical of the most successful world-class sprinters might be explained, in part, by the influence of stride length on sprint speed. In conclusion, these results suggest that coaches, selectors, and sports scientists should consider body shape when selecting potential athletes for sprint events, encouraging more linear athletes with a high RPI. 相似文献
12.
Abstract Selected kinematic variables of the foot segments and the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint were investigated in relation to sprinting performance among 100 m sprint athletes at the 2000 Summer Olympic Games. It was hypothesized that the kinematics of the MTP joint, and forefoot and rearfoot segments, are related to sprint performance for both male and female athletes. Kinematic sagittal plane data were collected using two digital video cameras recording at 120 fields per second. It was determined that faster male sprinters experienced higher maximal rates of MTP extension, and faster female sprinters touch down with higher posterior sole angles and take off with lower posterior sole angles. 相似文献
13.
刘洵 《天津体育学院学报》1993,8(4):29-31
对不同水平运动员进行跳高、跳远和三级跳远的技术指标和生理指标的测定。结果显示:相同项目运动时跳高组和跳远组的能量代谢显著大于一般组(P<0.05),这一差异与踏跳的瞬间用力有关,后者对腾空时间和运动成绩有一定的影响。从心率、氧债和MET值来看跳跃运动是属于中高强度以无氧代谢为主的运动项目。 相似文献
14.
优秀短距离自行车运动员无氧代谢能力特征研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
目的:比较不同性别和训练水平运动员无氧能力的差异,探讨短距离自行车运动员高能磷酸原供能、糖酵解供能和混合无氧供能能力的特征。方法:对16名优秀短距离自行车运动员进行10s(女)、15s(男)、30s和60s的无氧功测定,测定运动后即刻、运动后3min恢复心率和血乳酸。结果:1)磷酸原代谢能力表现出明显的性别差异,男运动员最大功率、相对最大功率、平均功率、相对平均功率、最大圈数都明显高于女运动员;2)30s和60s两种测试中,运动员爆发力表现出相同水平,但糖酵解代谢持续供能能力随运动时间的延长而明显下降;3)男子优秀运动员组15s无氧功最大功率、平均功率明显高于普通组。男、女最大圈数大于普通组,达到最大圈数时间小于或等于普通组;4)男子优秀组运动员30s、60s平均功率高于普通运动员组。女子优秀运动员组30s、60s平均功率、最大圈数明显高于普通运动员组,60s最大功率明显高于普通运动员组(P<0.05)。结论:1)优秀短距离自行车运动员具有较强的磷酸原代谢能力,男运动员明显强于女运动员;2)较强的糖酵解代谢能力是短距离自行车运动员无氧代谢能力的特征;3)评定磷酸原系统能力时,男、女运动员都使用10s无氧功测试为好;4)不同水平运动员的无氧代谢能力表现出明显差异,优秀运动员组强于普通运动员组。 相似文献
15.
优秀青少年速滑运动员下肢骨骼肌弹性势能利用率特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在以影响因子为核心的期刊评估系统基础上,根据关系型动态思维模式,运用多维定位的原则,利用德尔菲意见法、文献法、逻辑推理法,引入引文支持概念,从引文的多学科特征和应用类型两个特征上,利用文献分类法、图表法、多元统计、聚类分析、数值分类等多种方法,对中文体育核心期刊在引文支持元数据中的特征分布值分别进行统计,目的是从多视角对期刊质量重新进行评价,提高社会对使用影响因子评价核心期刊的认可程度。结论:13种核心期刊在多学科上的分布程度为34.84%,超过多学科丰度值的期刊有5种,形成创新性学术期刊集;13种核心期刊在应用类型上的分布程度为5.10%,超过应用类型丰度值的期刊有6种,形成应用性学术期刊集。两集合中的数据经处理后可以参加以影响因子为核心的中文体育核心期刊排序结果的微调。 相似文献
16.
不同专项运动员骨骼肌弹性能利用率的比较 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
对24名专业队田径运动员、30名业余体校田径运动员、12名专业队举重运动员和30名中学生进行了反向跳和不同高度的下落跳测试，比较弹性能利用率。结果表明，弹性能利用率存在性别差异，男性受试者弹性能利用率高于女性；弹性能利用率存在专项差异，男子跳高运动员的弹性能利用率高于男子中长跑运动员，女子举重运动员的弹性能利用率高于女子跳跃和短跑运动员。女子跳远、女子跳高运动员的弹性能利用率与身体素质水平和专项成绩呈显著性的相关。 相似文献
17.
优秀女子足球运动员专项心理素质结构研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
侯卫东 《天津体育学院学报》2004,19(1):65-69
通过对6名优秀青少年速滑运动员进行SJ、CMJ和3个不同高度的DJ测试,分析比较优秀青少年速滑运动员下肢骨骼肌弹性势能利用率的差异,以反映其下肢骨骼肌的力学特性,为研究速滑运动下肢骨骼肌的力学特性及运动选材做出铺垫。结果表明:弹性势能利用率存在性别差异,男性受试者弹性势能利用率高于女性,并与运动员等级、体重保持一定正相关;随负荷的增加,运动员下肢肌肉弹性势能的利用率却逐渐下降;外加负荷条件下,弹性势能利用率较其他项目低,建议加强肌肉速度力量与超等长力量的训练,以提高肌肉稳定性。 相似文献
18.
运用积分肌电阈评定赛艇运动员有氧耐力的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
文章报道了江西省赛艇运动员的积分肌电阈均值,指出赛艇运动员的积分肌电阈与乳酸无氧阈、3000米耐力跑成绩,以及6分钟划船测功计全力划行的平均功率,都呈高度相关;同时,发现优秀选手组,不仅在3000米耐力跑成绩和6分钟划船测功计全力划行的平均功率上高于一般选手组,而且在积分肌电阈值上,也高于一般选手组。说明运用积分肌电阈评定赛艇运动员的有氧耐力是可行的。 相似文献
19.
运用Quebec 10s、Wingate 30s、katch 120s三种无氧运动能力的测试方法,对备战2010—2011赛季中国大学生排球联赛的25名优秀男子排球运动员的无氧能力进行测试分析。探讨不同位置高水平大学生男子排球运动员比赛前无氧运动能力的状态、特点与规律,揭示其在磷酸原代谢、混合代谢、糖酵解代谢无氧运动能力之间的基本并联。研究结果表明：磷酸原代谢无氧运动能力中副攻、自由人表现较强;磷酸原与糖酵解混合代谢无氧运动能力中对二传运动员要求较高;糖酵解代谢无氧运动能力中对接应、主攻运动员要求较高。建议未来训练中应了解不同位置运动员所需无氧能力合理安排训练方法。 相似文献
20.
400m跑疲劳的产生主要源自于糖酵解代谢产生的乳酸而诱发的PH值下降，而磷酸肌酸(CP)的贮备量则影响疲劳出现的时间。针对CP的耗竭和乳酸的堆积，可通过补充肌酸和碱性盐来延缓400m跑疲劳的产生。 相似文献