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目前国内外在评价运动员训练程度和选材中经常运用一项生理指标—最大摄氧量。最大摄氧量是评定心肺功能的综合指标,亦可做为修正训练手段的依据。国内外有关这方面的报导较多,然而我省在这方面的报导尚未见到。为对我省运动员的最大摄氧量有所了解,为教练员提供一定的训练理论依据,我们就此进行了初步研究。 相似文献
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与最大摄氧量相关的单核苷酸多态性的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
最大摄氧量是与运动成绩及心血管疾病发生密切相关的一个生理学指标。作为第三代DNA多态性标志,单核苷酸多态性能在一定程度上反映人类个体或群体的特异性。寻找并确认影响最大摄氧量的基因位点及单核苷酸多态性对耐力项目的科学选材及心肺功能的合理训练具有重要价值,对心血管疾病运动处方的制定和评价也有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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黎涌明 《武汉体育学院学报》2015,(3):63-69
摄氧量从安静或空载负荷运动状态进入指定强度运动状态,以及运动后恢复状态的动态过程被称为摄氧量动力学。随着对人体运动生物学特征研究的不断深入,摄氧量动力学越来越受到关注。为了系统地了解摄氧量动力学研究的发展历程,全面地认识这一指标在人体运动中的重要意义,检索了历年来摄氧量动力学的相关文献,分别从历史回顾、生理学特征、测试和计算方法,以及对运动训练和大众健身的启示四个方面对摄氧量动力学进行了综述。对摄氧量动力学的研究始于20世纪初人类对运动过程中气体代谢的探索,但是对摄氧量动力学较为全面的认识直到20世纪90年代才得以实现。外呼吸摄氧量动力学被证明能够真实反映肌肉摄氧量动力学。摄氧量动力学与运动强度有关,当恒定负荷强度<乳酸阈时,摄氧量在<3min的时间达到稳定状态;当恒定负荷强度>乳酸阈时,摄氧量的稳定状态延迟或消失,并且在快速增长之后出现一个慢速增长阶段。不管强度如何,对摄氧量动力学的计算都是基于摄氧量动力学的三个阶段。摄氧量动力学的研究推动了对能量代谢由结果向过程的转变,为运动能力的提高提供了新的思路。未来对摄氧量动力学的研究应着重于不同运动方式的摄氧量动力学特征、不同训练方法对摄氧量动力学的影响,以及运用新技术进一步求证肌纤维与摄氧量动力学的关系。 相似文献
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任占兵 《山东体育学院学报》2013,29(3)
为了解恢复期摄氧量与跑步经济性之间的关系,先通过实验测量恢复期摄氧量与跑步经济性的结果,然后通过统计分析得出二者之间的关系,试图建立用自变量恢复期摄氧量推测因变量跑步经济性的回归方程.该研究选择12名定向越野和中长跑项目学生运动员作为受试对象,采用MAX-Ⅱ运动心肺功能测试系统测量摄氧量,让受试者在10 km/h的速度下跑5分钟,最后2分钟的摄氧量的平均值作为跑步经济性,恢复期摄氧量选择恢复期前10秒的摄氧量.研究发现,自变量恢复期前10秒的摄氧量测量结果为(33.84±3.12) ml·kg-1·min-1,跑步经济性的测量结果为(33.45±3.24)ml·kg-1·min-1,自变量恢复期前10秒的摄氧量与因变量跑步经济性之间差异不具有显著性(P＞0.05),二者之间的相关系数为0.92(P＜0.01),基于恢复期前10秒的摄氧量推测跑步经济性的回归方程为:y =3.297 +0.893x.研究表明,恢复期前10秒的摄氧量与跑步经济性之间高度相关,可以利用运动后恢复期前10秒的摄氧量推测跑步经济性. 相似文献
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关于最大摄氧量的限制因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
孟思进 《武汉体育学院学报》2003,37(2):43-46
影响最大摄氧量的生理学因素有:氧运输系统被称为中枢因素,骨骼肌氧利用系统被称为外周因素。研究表明,运动形式不同,限制因素不同。心肺系统是人体在完成最大全身运动时最大摄氧量的限制因素,而骨骼肌内外周氧扩散梯度及线粒体容量是人体在完成局部肌肉活动或单侧肢体运动时起主要限制作用。而线粒体容量和氧运输能力在解释不同动物物种间的最大摄氧量差异时是很重要的。 相似文献
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关于机体在运动中的最大摄氧量和无氧阈 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
任冀军 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》1999,(2)
最大摄氧量和无氧阈在运动训练中具有不同的作用,通过最大摄氧量和无氧阈的生理机制及其关系的阐述,为科学地运用最大摄氧量和无氧阈来提高运动成绩,提供科学依据。 相似文献
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最大摄氧量是反映人体在极量负荷时心肺功能、贮备能力和评定人体有氧工作能力的重要指标。由于直接测定最大摄氧量的方法比较繁琐,国外一些学者一直致力于寻找一种简易的方法来预测人体最大摄氧量,即用台阶作为运动负荷方式,根 相似文献
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最大摄氧量(VO_2Max)是人体在运动时心肺功能参数均已达到最大值,这时人体在单位时间内从吸入气中摄取的最大氧量。最大摄氧量是反映人体在极量负荷时心肺功能贮备能力和评定人体有氧工作能力的重要指标,特别与长跑运动员的成绩紧密相关。因此,历来为运动医学专家和教练员所重视。并广泛应用于体育教学和运动训练。目前在欧美和日本等国家已普遍采用心肺功能仪直接测定最大摄氧量,迅速而准确,但该仪器价格昂贵,操作条件要求很高,直接测定最大摄氧量时,受试者主观感觉相当难受,不易在运动实践中推广应用。 相似文献
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Traditionally, it has been assumed that during middle-distance running oxygen uptake (VO2) reaches its maximal value (VO2max) providing the event is of a sufficient duration; however, this assumption is largely based on observations in individuals with a relatively low VO2max. The aim of this study was to determine whether VO2max is related to the VO2 attained (i.e. VO2peak) during middle-distance running on a treadmill. Fifteen well-trained male runners (age 23.3 +/- 3.8 years, height 1.80 +/- 0.10 m, body mass 76.9 +/- 10.6 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. The participants undertook two 800-m trials to examine the reproducibility of the VO2 response. These two trials, together with a progressive test to determine VO2max, were completed in a randomized order. Oxygen uptake was determined throughout each test using 15-s Douglas bag collections. Following the application of a 30-s rolling average, the highest VO2 during the progressive test (i.e. VO2max) was compared with the highest VO2 during the 800-m trials (i.e. VO2peak) to examine the relationship between VO2max and the VO2 attained in the 800-m trials. For the 15 runners, VO2max was 58.9 +/- 7.1 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1). Two groups were formed using a median split based on VO2max. For the high and low VO2max groups, VO2max was 65.7 +/- 3.0 and 52.4 +/- 1.8 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) respectively. The limits of agreement (95%) for test-retest reproducibility for the VO2 attained during the 800-m trials were +/- 3.5 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for a VO2peak of 50.6 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (the mean VO2peak for the low VO2max group) and +/- 2.3 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for a VO2peak of 59.0 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (the mean VO2peak for the high VO2max group), with a bias in VO2peak between the 800-m runs (i.e. the mean difference) of 1.2 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1). The VO2peak for the 800-m runs was 54.8 +/- 4.9 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for all 15 runners. For the high and low VO2max groups, VO2peak was 59.0 +/- 3.3 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (i.e. 90% VO2max) and 50.6 +/- 2.0 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (i.e. 97% VO2max) respectively. The negative relationship (-0.77) between VO2max and % VO2max attained for all 15 runners was significant (P = 0.001). These results demonstrate that (i) reproducibility is good and (ii) that VO2max is related to the %VO2max achieved, with participants with a higher VO2max achieving a lower %VO2max in an 800-m trial on a treadmill. 相似文献
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儿童最大有氧活动能力的追踪研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
报告了60名10～15岁儿童(31名男童,29名女童)最大有氧活动能力的追踪研究结果。应用Jaeger LE/6型步行机运动,使用Jaeger自动气体分析仪作气体分析,发现男女童的VO_2max、VO_2max/Ht、VO_2max/Ht~2及VO_2max/HR均随年龄增长而增加,VO_2max/Wt及VO_2max/LBM均未随年龄而增长的规律。男童VO_2max绝对值及各项相对值均明显高于女童。以生活年龄为基础的VO_2max年增长值,男童呈随年龄增长而增加的趋势,女童除13～14岁外,呈随年龄增长而减少的趋势;VO_2max/Wt年增长值男女童在年龄组间均未见到规律性的变化。以身高突增高峰年龄(PHA)为基础的VO_2max,男童从PHA-2到PHS 2持续增加,女童从PHA-1到PHA 1呈下降趋势,以后略有上升;VO_2max/Wt年增长值,男童在PHA前为负值,以后为正值并逐渐增加,女童无规律性变化。以生活年龄或以身高突增高峰年龄为基础的最大吸氧量年增长值的个体差异都很大。 相似文献
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The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) responses during rest and exercise in Chinese children and youth and to evaluate the relationships between maximal heart rate (%HRmax), heart rate reserve (%HRR), peak oxygen uptake (% VO2peak), and oxygen uptake reserve (% VO2R) in Chinese children and youth. Forty-nine Chinese children and youth were studied at rest and during a graded maximal exercise test on treadmill. Resting, submaximal and peak HR and VO2 were collected. Regression analyses were conducted to investigate the associations between the various forms of HR and VO2 measures. The equivalency between %HRR and % VO2R for adults was examined for children using data obtained in this study. Results indicated that all regression lines between HR measures and VO2 measures were significantly different from the line of identity (p < .05), except the regression line for %HRR versus %VO2 peak in boys. The equivalency between % VO2R and % HRR for adults was not demonstrated in children and adolescents in this study. In contrast, %HRR was more closely equivalent to % VO2 peak. Because a strong linear relationship was found between HR and VO2, HR measures, in terms of either %HRmax or %HRR, would still be a practical variable for prescribing appropriate exercise intensity for children and adolescents. Unlike results found for adults, a given % HRR in children and youth was not equivalent to its corresponding % VO2R. 相似文献
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游泳运动员最大吸氧量与成绩关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对游泳运动员水中最大吸氧量的测试，探讨游泳运动员最大吸氧量与运动成绩的关系。表明ＶＯ２ｍａｘ相对值与４００米、１５００米相关系数密切，并具依从关系。 相似文献
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对不同年龄、不同性别、不同专业学生VO2max的比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对华中师范大学第2附中，华中师范大学体育教育专业与非体育专业学生不同年龄，性别和专业的VO2max的测试，并应用生理学的方法对影响VO2max的主要因素进行了分析，发现不同研究对象的VO2max存在一定的差异，同时发现体育锻炼对人体氧运输系统和VO2max均有一定的影响。 相似文献
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Sodium bicarbonate ingestion does not alter the slow component of oxygen uptake kinetics in professional cyclists 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Santalla A Pérez M Montilla M Vicente L Davison R Earnest C Lucía A 《Journal of sports sciences》2003,21(1):39-47
We examined the effects of pre-exercise sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion on the slow component of oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics in seven professional road cyclists during intense exercise. One hour after ingesting either a placebo or NaHCO3 (0.3 g x kg body mass(-1)), each cyclist (age, 25 +/- 2 years; VO2max, 74.7 +/- 5.9 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1); mean +/- s) performed two bouts of 6 min duration at an intensity of 90% VO2max interspersed by 8 min of active recovery. Gas exchange and blood data (pH, blood lactate concentration and [HCO3-]) were collected during the tests. In both bouts, the slow component of VO2 was defined as the difference between end-exercise VO2 and the VO2 at the end of the third minute. No significant difference was found in the slow component of VO2 between conditions in the first (NaHCO3, 210 +/- 69 ml; placebo, 239 +/- 105 ml) or second trial (NaHCO3, 123 +/- 88 ml; placebo, 197 +/- 101 ml). In conclusion, pre-exercise NaHCO3 ingestion did not significantly attenuate the VO2 slow component of professional road cyclists during high-intensity exercise. 相似文献
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The power output achieved at peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and the time this power can be maintained (i.e., Tmax) have been used in prescribing high-intensity interval training. In this context, the present study examined temporal aspects of the VO2 response to exercise at the cycling power that output well trained cyclists achieve their VO2peak (i.e., Pmax). Following a progressive exercise test to determine VO2peak, 43 well trained male cyclists (M age = 25 years, SD = 6; M mass = 75 kg, SD = 7; M VO2peak = 64.8 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), SD = 5.2) performed two Tmax tests 1 week apart. Values expressed for each participant are means and standard deviations of these two tests. Participants achieved a mean VO2peak during the Tmax test after 176 s (SD = 40; M = 74% of Tmax, SD = 12) and maintained it for 66 s (SD = 39; M = 26% of Tmax, SD = 12). Additionally, they obtained mean 95% of VO2peak after 147 s (SD = 31; M = 62% of Tmax, SD = 8) and maintained it for 95 s (SD = 38; M = 38% of Tmax, SD = 8). These results suggest that 60-70% of Tmax is an appropriate exercise duration for a population of well trained cyclists to attain VO2peak during exercise at Pmax. However, due to intraparticipant variability in the temporal aspects of the VO2 response to exercise at Pmax, future research is needed to examine whether individual high-intensity interval training programs for well trained endurance athletes might best be prescribed according to an athlete's individual VO2 response to exercise at Pmax. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to monitor longitudinal changes in young people's submaximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 ) responses during horizontal treadmill running at 8 km h -1 . The 236 participants (118 boys, 118 girls) were aged 11.2 +/- 0.4 years (mean +/- s) at the onset of the study. Submaximal VO 2 , peak VO 2 and anthropometry were recorded annually for three consecutive years. The data were analysed using multi-level regression modelling within a multiplicative, allometric framework. The initial model examined sex, age and maturity-related changes in submaximal VO 2 relative to body mass as the sole anthropometric covariate. Our results demonstrate that the conventional ratio standard ml kg -1 min -1 does not adequately describe the true relationship between body mass and submaximal VO 2 during this period of growth. The effects of maturity and age were non-significant, but girls consumed significantly less VO 2 than boys running at 8 km h -1 . In subsequent models, stature was shown to be a significant explanatory variable, but this effect became non-significant when the sum of two skinfolds was added. Thus, within this population, submaximal VO 2 responses were explained predominantly by changes in body mass and skinfold thicknesses, with no additional maturity-related increments. When differences in body mass and skinfolds were controlled for, there was still a difference between the sexes in submaximal VO 2 , with girls becoming increasingly more economical with age. 相似文献