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为深入了解高水平运动员的组织性应激影响因素,从组织层面更好地关注运动队和运动员的健康可持续发展,降低组织性应激对高水平运动员操作成绩的影响,运用质性研究方法,通过对16名高水平运动员在训练比赛过程中出现的组织性应激反应进行深度访谈,使用内容分析软件QSR NViovo 11.0对采录的运动员谈话内容进行分析。结果显示：高水平运动员组织性应激影响因素可分为环境因素、个人因素、领导因素和团队因素等4类;其中领导因素（116）是运动员组织性应激的最大应激源,其次是团队因素（114）和环境因素（112）,个人因素（58）最小;在二级指标中,教练员因素（96）对运动员组织性应激影响最大,其次是团队氛围（50）和选拔机制（43）。因此,呼吁运动队管理者、教练员等重视组织层面给运动员带来的困惑和压力,建议运动心理工作者就运动队组织性应激问题进行深入研究,加大对运动员组织性应激的关注和调节,促进我国高水平运动队和运动员的健康发展。 相似文献
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体育运动,是运用各种体育手段,结合自然因素和社会因素等来增进健康、增强体质和丰富文化生活的身体活动过程。体育活动可以给机体带来短期和长期的心理效应,是使人身心健康、调节情绪及保持良好心态的有效途径。随着生活节奏的不断加快,社会竞争的加剧,个体面临的各种压力也不断的加大。心理应激又称心理压力,指个体在生活适应过程中,由于实际或认识能力上的不平衡而引起的一种通过心理、生理反应而表现出来的身心紧张状态。心理应激是一个人一生中不可避免的问题,因此,对于"体育运动与心理应激"的研究显得尤为重要。 相似文献
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运动员应激应对策略探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用文献研究法对应激、应对有关理论在体育领域内的应用研究进行了综述，旨在为以后的研究提供有益的参考。研究认为：专门针对运动员的应激、应对测量工具还有待进一步开发与完善；运动员较为突出的应激源为人际关系、运动受伤和比赛失利；情境因素对应激应对策略的影响还有待研究；积极的应对方式与运动员的焦虑呈正相关，消极的应对方式与焦虑呈负相关，但在某些应激情境下，逃避行为对降低焦虑程度有积极的短期效用；未来的研究趋势包括应激、应对测量工具的开发和认知评价的干预研究及应激应对策略的研究。 相似文献
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研究基于倦怠认知-情绪应激理论,通过问卷调查法、文献资料法、专家访谈法、数据统计法和逻辑分析法揭示浙江省运动员应激和倦怠之间的关系。以浙江省183现役运动员为调查对象,采用自编调查问卷实施问卷调查。研究发现：①浙江省运动员的应激和倦怠之间存在非常显著的正相关,与倦怠的各个维度之间也存在非常显著的正相关。②多元回归分析表明,比赛失利和运动损伤是浙江省运动员倦怠的有效预测变量。 相似文献
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运动员应激评价结果与应对方式的关系及一般自我效能感的调节作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用问卷调查和数理统计方法探讨了运动员应激评价结果与应对方式之间的关系及一般自我效能感的影响作用。结果表明：①运动员主要将临场应激评价为挑战性和威胁性压力,评价为挑战性压力时,运动员倾向于采用情绪应对和问题应对;评价为威胁性压力时,运动员倾向于采用回避应对。②一般自我效能感与挑战性和威胁性压力不存在显著性相关关系,但与问题应对呈显著性正相关,与回避应对呈显著性负相关。③一般自我效能感对应激评价结果与应对方式的关系具有显著的调节作用,这一调节作用主要表现为：随着挑战性压力水平的升高,一般自我效能感较高的个体趋向于问题应对,一般自我效能感较低的个体趋向于情绪应对;随着威胁性压力水平的升高,一般自我效能感较高的个体趋向于情绪应对和超越应对,一般自我效能感较低的个体趋向于回避应对。 相似文献
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普通高校高水平运动员与普通大学生体育运动成就动机和体育活动态度的比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1 前言体育运动成就动机是指运动个体对体育运动的认识及追求成功的一种倾向 ;体育活动态度是指个体对体育活动的一种相对稳定而持久的认识、情感和行为倾向。两者均指向体育运动领域 ,是研究体育运动的兴趣、爱好的基本内容。普通高校高水平运动员和普通大学生是普通高校体育教育主体 ,但是 ,高校体育对两者教育的目的和要求不同。普通高校办高水平运动队 ,培养高水平运动员承担世界大学生运动会的任务 ,是我国竞技体育发展的需要 ,也是高校体育改革的要求。对高水平大学生运动员的要求是智育合格体育运动水平高 ,而对普通大学生则要求文… 相似文献
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不同条件下篮球运动员比赛应对方式变动过程的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用纵向、个体内设计方法，对篮球运动员比赛应对方式在不同时间、不同情境下的变动过程进行了初步研究。结果表明，在实际应对中，个体在特定的应激情境中都有与之相适应的一种应对模式，但这一模式不是固定不变的，随着情境的变化，应对方式亦会发生变化，这种变化表现为在运动员自己平均数上下的波动。在不同应激情境条件下，面对同一应激源，个体所采用的应对方式具有多样性，且表现出明显的联合或组合特征，其形式多样，具有一定的规律性和时序衔接性。影响运动员应对方式变化的主要因素是环境、认知再评价和人格变量。 相似文献
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优秀运动员应激源与运动心理疲劳关系研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
郭玉江 《天津体育学院学报》2009,24(5):449-452
依据Smith认知-情感理论模型及Silva消极训练应激反应模型,采用<运动员应激量表>、<运动员心理疲劳问卷>对132名一级以上11个项目的在训运动员进行调查,结果发现:优秀运动员应激水平属于中等偏低,"运动受伤"和"环境肉素"得分较高;不同训练年限、经济条件的优秀运动员应激水平存在显著性差异,在人际关系因子方面呈现出随入队年限递增而分值递减的趋势,在日常生活遭受方面经济条件差的得分最高;应激各因子与运动心理疲劳总分均存在显著性正相关,高应激组与低应激组的运动心理疲劳存在显著性差异;比赛失利因子进入对运动心理疲劳总分的回归方程. 相似文献
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用文献资料、问卷、访谈等方法对大学生体育运动中的流畅体验进行分析,得出大学生流畅体验与大学生体育运动坚持性之间的关系:1.流畅体验与大学生参加体育运动的频次正相关;2.男大学生比女大学生更容易产生流畅体验并坚持体育运动;运动员比非运动员更易产生流畅体验并坚持体育运动;不同性质的运动项目与流畅体验的发生和和大学生体育运动坚持性有相关关系;3.流畅体验以个体的内部动机为中介变量影响大学生体育运动的坚持性。 相似文献
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Stephen D. Mellalieu Richard Neil Sheldon Hanton David Fletcher 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):729-744
Abstract We examined the performance and organizational stressors encountered by elite and non-elite athletes within the competition environment. Twelve sport performers (6 elite, 6 non-elite) were interviewed about both performance and organizational-related demands experienced when preparing for competition. The framework presented identifies five performance (i.e. preparation, injury, expectations, self-presentation, and rivalry) and five organizational (i.e. factors intrinsic to the sport, roles in the sport organization, sport relationships and interpersonal demands, athletic career and performance development issues, and organizational structure and climate of the sport) stress sources. A similar quantity of performance (#PS) and organizational (#OS) stressors were encountered by elite performers (#PS = 127; #OS = 72) as by non-elite athletes (#PS = 123; #OS = 74), with some demands being common and others unique to each group. Although the findings suggest that, prior to competing, sport performers encounter more stressors pertinent to performance than those emanating from the organization, these observations highlight that all the demands faced by athletes should be considered when preparing and implementing interventions to manage competition stress. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to compare the content and quantity of competitive and organizational stressors in elite athletes. Ten international performers were interviewed about sources of stress. Content analysis of the data involved categorizing the demands associated primarily and directly with competitive performance (#CS = 21) under the post hoc dimension “performance issues”, and the demands associated primarily and directly with the sport organization (#OS = 72) under one of the following four post hoc dimensions: “environmental issues”, “personal issues”, “leadership issues” and “team issues”. Frequency analysis revealed that the participants mentioned the competitive stressors (Σ = 95) less than the organizational stressors (Σ = 215). Further analysis within these categories showed that the mean number of participants citing individual competitive stressors (M = 4.52) was greater than the mean number of participants citing individual organizational stressors (M = 2.99). The findings indicate that elite athletes experience and recall more demands associated primarily and directly with the sport organization than with competitive performance. Furthermore, this population appears more likely to mention similar competitive stressors but varied organizational stressors, probably because the former are inherent and endemic to elite sport, whereas the latter are essentially extraneous and widely distributed. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to compare the content and quantity of competitive and organizational stressors in elite athletes. Ten international performers were interviewed about sources of stress. Content analysis of the data involved categorizing the demands associated primarily and directly with competitive performance (#CS = 21) under the post hoc dimension "performance issues", and the demands associated primarily and directly with the sport organization (#OS = 72) under one of the following four post hoc dimensions: "environmental issues", "personal issues", "leadership issues" and "team issues". Frequency analysis revealed that the participants mentioned the competitive stressors (sigma = 95) less than the organizational stressors (sigma = 215). Further analysis within these categories showed that the mean number of participants citing individual competitive stressors (M = 4.52) was greater than the mean number of participants citing individual organizational stressors (M = 2.99). The findings indicate that elite athletes experience and recall more demands associated primarily and directly with the sport organization than with competitive performance. Furthermore, this population appears more likely to mention similar competitive stressors but varied organizational stressors, probably because the former are inherent and endemic to elite sport, whereas the latter are essentially extraneous and widely distributed. 相似文献
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《Sport Management Review》2015,18(4):583-595
The concepts of organizational identification and team identification have been researched heavily over the last half-century. However, scholars have failed to specifically examine organizational identification among sport employees. We develop a theoretical framework of organizational identification of sport employees, coined Sport Employee Identification (SEI). We conceptualize SEI as an amalgamation of organizational identification and team identification in which sport employees are both external (fans) and internal (employee) members of the sport organization. The development of the SEI model is based on related theory and further ethnographic data are collected over a four-month period within an intercollegiate athletics fundraising department. Implications for scholars and practitioners and avenues for future research are discussed. 相似文献
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完善我国社会体育指导员制度有关重点问题探讨 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
十多年来,社会体育指导员制度在我国全民健身事业发展中发挥了重要而积极的作用,同时,随着社会体育指导员职业标准的实施,也出现了对其进一步完善的新需求。在对现实需要和存在问题深入分析的基础上,从社会体育指导员工作和队伍发展趋势、统一与多样相结合的管理模式、行政与社会化的组织管理体系、全方位的激励与保障机制等方面探讨完善社会体育指导员制度的基本思路,并提出了相关的立法构想。 相似文献
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对2008-2011年初国内外运动心理测量的研究进行系统的梳理和文献学分析.结果表明:(1)心理测量的方法并不过时,仍是运动心理学研究的主要方法之一;(2)国外学者运用心理测量法研究的比例高于我国学者;(3)新编或新修量表仍以竞技运动心理为主,锻炼心理次之,体育心理较少,我国学者相对更重视体育心理测量工具的研发;(4)国外学者相对更为重视竞技心理的研究,而我国学者更为重视锻炼心理领域的研究;(5)中外心理测量研究的水平相当,量表研究的质量参差不齐.为迸一步提高我国量表研修的质量,提出以下建议:(1)尽力提供更多的信效度参数,努力提升数据的质量;(2)量表研究的理论基础应该加强;(3)充分发挥因子分析的作用,统计参数的表达应更加规范;(4)更多地以积极心理学为导向对心理健康进行测量. 相似文献
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Rachel Arnold David Fletcher 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2013,17(2):81-100
Organizational stressors can potentially elicit a number of undesirable consequences for sport performers. It is, therefore, imperative that psychologists better understand the demands that athletes encounter via their exploration and assessment. However, although researchers have identified a wide range of organizational stressors in competitive sport, they have yet to develop a measure or indicator to assess them. In contrast, scholars in other psychology subdisciplines have designed measures of organizational-related stressors, which have the potential to inform the advancement of stress research in sport. The purpose of this article is, therefore, to review psychometric issues in organizational stressor research and discuss the implications for sport psychology. The narrative is divided into four main areas: conceptual and theoretical issues, item development issues, measurement and scoring issues, and analytical and statistical issues. 相似文献