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1.
《Information processing & management》1999,35(1):77-99
Part II summarizes and extends the review of fundamental conceptualizations of access to information across six relevant research literatures developed in part I. It identifies unique underlying assumptions of the concept `access to information' within each of the different disciplines. We discuss implications of the conceptualizations of access, and of influences and constraints on access. We then integrate the common and unique conceptualizations and the implications to propose a general model of access to information. The goal of the two articles is to identify common and unique, as well as hidden and overlooked, aspects of how access is conceptualized in a selected set of relevant literature, and to suggest a comprehensive perspective that may be applied to future studies and policies related to information access. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the influence of the adoption and use of information and communication technology (ICT) on organizational learning (OL). The focus is on knowledge, creation, as an articulated construct for the OL concept, and the SECI (Socialization, Externalization, Combination and Internalization) model is used as a reference for knowledge, creation. ICT use is seen here as consisting of three different orientations: informative, communicative and workflow. The results, based on a sample of around 300 Spanish small- and, medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), indicate that ICT has a significant positive influence on the, four processes for creating knowledge. ICT oriented to communication and workflow is found, to produce a significant positive impact on knowledge creation processes, except for, socialization process, while ICT use for information does not influence any of the processes for, creating knowledge and OL. 相似文献
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Back to our beginnings: information utilization, Bertram Brookes and the fundamental equation of information science 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This analytical paper is in three parts. Firstly, it provides a brief review of the terrain of information utilization, a fundamental concept in the discourse of information seeking and use behavior. This review identifies dominant conceptualizations of information utilization, and identifies a research gap in relation to the cognitive dimensions of information utilization. Secondly, against this backdrop, it posits and examines Bertram Brookes' fundamental equation of information science as a theoretical framework for furthering our understanding of, and research into, the cognitive aspects of information utilization. Thirdly, it discusses some methodological aspects for investigating Brookes' equation in order to build a cumulative knowledge of the cognitive dimension of information utilization. 相似文献
4.
Although there has been a great deal of research into Collaborative Information Retrieval (CIR) and Collaborative Information Seeking (CIS), the majority has assumed that team members have the same level of unrestricted access to underlying information. However, observations from different domains (e.g. healthcare, business, etc.) have suggested that collaboration sometimes involves people with differing levels of access to underlying information. This type of scenario has been referred to as Multi-Level Collaborative Information Retrieval (MLCIR). To the best of our knowledge, no studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of awareness, an existing CIR/CIS concept, on MLCIR. To address this gap in current knowledge, we conducted two separate user studies using a total of 5 different collaborative search interfaces and 3 information access scenarios. A number of Information Retrieval (IR), CIS and CIR evaluation metrics, as well as questionnaires were used to compare the interfaces. Design interviews were also conducted after evaluations to obtain qualitative feedback from participants. Results suggested that query properties such as time spent on query, query popularity and query effectiveness could allow users to obtain information about team's search performance and implicitly suggest better queries without disclosing sensitive data. Besides, having access to a history of intersecting viewed, relevant and bookmarked documents could provide similar positive effect as query properties. Also, it was found that being able to easily identify different team members and their actions is important for users in MLCIR. Based on our findings, we provide important design recommendations to help develop new CIR and MLCIR interfaces. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Information Management》2017,37(2):54-62
The focus of this work arises from two needs within information science literature: (1) to understand more, from an empirically driven perspective, about the increasingly visible yet understudied mobile work population, and (2) to address more clearly, from a theoretical standpoint, the ways in which information and communication technologies (ICTs) mediate the work practices of these mobile workers. Drawing on the affordance perspective, this research goes beyond simplistic conceptualizations of technological effects to explore the roles of multiple ICTs in enabling mobile knowledge work. In this paper, the use of ICTs in mobilizing information practices and the ways in which ICTs generate affordances along different mobility dimensions (spatial, temporal, contextual, and social) are examined. The empirical base of this research is a field of study of 33 mobile knowledge workers (MKWs); broadly, it focuses on the ways they employ ICTs to accomplish work in dynamic and unpredictable work conditions. 相似文献
6.
英国的信息自由法与政府信息共享 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2000年通过并在2005年1月1日实施的英国“信息自由法”,赋予了公民依法知道某种政府信息是否存在,并获得这些信息的权利;同时给政府机构增加了依法主动公开政府信息并处理个人信息请求的义务。这不仅促进了英国政府新文化的形成,而且促进了英国知识经济的发展。本文简要介绍“信息自由法”形成的背景、主要内容和配套的法律与政策措施。 相似文献
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Thorsten Busch 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(4):339-353
This conceptual article discusses strategies of corporations in the information and communication technologies (ICT) sector and their role in the conflict over access to knowledge in the digital environment. Its main hypothesis is that ICT corporations are very capable actors when it comes to bridging digital divides in both developed and developing countries??maybe even the most capable actors. Therefore, it is argued that ICT corporations could use their capabilities to help citizens gain sustainable access to knowledge in order to enable them to lead self-sufficient lives. In a nutshell, capabilities are presented as both the input (capabilities of ICT corporations) as well as the output (capability building for empowering citizens) of corporate strategy-making focusing on fair ICT. Corporate citizenship is put forth as the theoretical concept bridging corporate strategies and access to knowledge: If ICT corporations act in accordance with their self-understanding of being ??good corporate citizens??, they could be crucial partners in lessening digital divides and helping citizens gain access to knowledge. From the perspective of ??integrative economic ethics?? (Ulrich 2008), it is argued that ICT corporations have good reason to actively empower citizens in both developed and developing countries by pursuing ??inclusive?? strategies in many fields, such as open-source software development. That way, ICT corporations could enable, support and provide citizens with capabilities enabling them to help themselves. In order to make inclusive business models work, the rules and regulations companies find themselves in today must enable them to act responsibly without getting penalized by more ruthless competitors. This article explores several cases from the ICT field to illustrate the interplay between a responsible business model and the rules and regulations of the industry. From a capabilities perspective, the most desirable mix of corporate strategies and industry regulation is one that results in the highest level of generativity (Zittrain 2008). Thus, ICT should not be closed systems only driven by the company behind them. Instead, they need to be open for the highest possible level of third-party innovation. 相似文献
8.
[目的/意义]旨在研究基于开放获取的高校科研成果知识库的构建.[方法/过程]介绍了开放获取与高校科研成果知识库相融合的基础,论述了基于开放获取的高校科研成果知识库构建要素,在剖析已有开放获取的高校科研成果知识库实例的基础上,提出了创新性的基于开放获取的高校科研成果知识库构建方案.[结果/结论]开放获取有效地促进了高校科... 相似文献
9.
Carmen De Maio Giuseppe Fenza Vincenzo Loia Sabrina Senatore 《Information processing & management》2012
In recent years, knowledge structuring is assuming important roles in several real world applications such as decision support, cooperative problem solving, e-commerce, Semantic Web and, even in planning systems. Ontologies play an important role in supporting automated processes to access information and are at the core of new strategies for the development of knowledge-based systems. Yet, developing an ontology is a time-consuming task which often needs an accurate domain expertise to tackle structural and logical difficulties in the definition of concepts as well as conceivable relationships. This work presents an ontology-based retrieval approach, that supports data organization and visualization and provides a friendly navigation model. It exploits the fuzzy extension of the Formal Concept Analysis theory to elicit conceptualizations from datasets and generate a hierarchy-based representation of extracted knowledge. An intuitive graphical interface provides a multi-facets view of the built ontology. Through a transparent query-based retrieval, final users navigate across concepts, relations and population. 相似文献
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【目的/意义】大科学时代,开放获取在学术交流中承担着重要角色,对学术知识传播和创新起到推动作用,
加快开放科学与学术成果的社会化进程,分析开放获取论文影响力扩散,有利于开放获取论文影响力的细粒度评
价。【方法/过程】本文从开放获取论文交流传播视角,通过开放获取论文知识网络、产出水平以及Altmetrics活跃度
对中美图情领域开放获取论文影响力扩散进行分析。【结果/结论】研究发现中美图情领域开放获取论文在交流传
播过程呈现的知识网络、产出水平及Altmetrics活跃度方面存在差异性。【创新/局限】本文从学术交流角度出发,通
过论文发表后的使用情况及产出水平揭示中美图情领域开放获取论文影响力的扩散,在未来的研究中还需进行影
响力扩散细粒度分析,对影响力扩散呈现的知识单元进行全面深入探索。 相似文献
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文章通过借鉴家庭医生式服务理念,探讨中小型公共图书馆以建立读者档案为基础,以实现图书馆服务全覆盖、保障居民(村民)获取知识权力为目标,以提高馆员素质、优化馆藏资源、创新服务方式、用好读者反馈信息等为手段,构建面向读者的"家庭馆员式"服务体系。 相似文献
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开放获取运动在世界各个国家正轰轰烈烈地开展着,作为开放获取重要部分的机构知识库,承担着保存科研机构知识资产和知识开放共享的重要职责。本文对于国外及国内机构知识库的构建方式进行了调查研究,并结合研究结果及国内科研机构的实际情况,构建了机构知识库框架模型,并以中国科学技术信息研究所机构知识库为实例验证了该模型的有效性,并为科技资源共享与传播及国内机构知识库的发展起到推进的作用。 相似文献
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This study addresses the question of whether the way in which sets of query terms are identified has an impact on the effectiveness of users’ information seeking efforts. Query terms are text strings used as input to an information access system; they are products of a method or grammar that identifies a set of query terms. We conducted an experiment that compared the effectiveness of sets of query terms identified for a single book by three different methods. One had been previously prepared by a human indexer for a back-of-the-book index. The other two were identified by computer programs that used a combination of linguistic and statistical criteria to extract terms from full text. Effectiveness was measured by (1) whether selected query terms led participants to correct answers and (2) how long it took participants to obtain correct answers. Our results show that two sets of terms – the human terms and the set selected according to the linguistically more sophisticated criteria – were significantly more effective than the third set of terms. This single case demonstrates that query languages do have a measurable impact on the effectiveness of query term languages in the interactive information access process. The procedure described in this paper can be used to assess the effectiveness for information seekers of query terms identified by any query language. 相似文献
15.
Linking the knowledge-based view, the multinational theory and the intellectual capital-based view of the firm, this paper seeks to identify the main activities belonging to the relational capital of multinationals and the extent to which they contribute to knowledge development and transfer between their different subsidiaries. Six multinational and knowledge-intensive firms placed in Spain have been analysed through a qualitative research based on a multiple case-study. Its findings show the main relational activities that facilitate knowledge flows between the different units of a multinational. These activities are classified into four categories: relational structures (work teams, communities of practices, transnational teams, centres of excellence), tools (information and communication technologies, internal communication and publications), practices (expatriates) and socialisation. Tacit knowledge, as well as the idiosyncratic nature that most of them have, makes the relational capital of the firms studied become a source of competitive advantage. 相似文献
16.
Willis H. Ware 《The Information Society》2013,29(3-4):327-350
Abstract This paper first reviews the development of record‐keeping privacy, together with its legislative attention and major studies of it. It then identifies new dimensions of personal privacy and illustrates them with electronic mail. It notes the intricacy of policy issues arising from large‐scale use of computers and communications for systems that provide a variety of services, many of them oriented toward the individual. The legislative awkwardness of providing protection to the individual and the role of the federal government in the entire issue is described. Other systems that will create new privacy issues are touched on. The “privacy future” is discussed in terms of access‐without‐action, information representation, information protection, exploitation of information such as computer matching, the large‐scale availability of personal information to many people, and the widespread appearance of systems that deal with information about people but for other than record‐keeping purposes. Finally, two broad policy issues are identified: (1) In an information‐intensive future, how can the country establish societally acceptable usage patterns for information but at the same time provide protection for its citizens? (2) How can the country create an appropriate mechanism for addressing such a pervasive and complex issue? 相似文献
17.
Gerhard H. R. Reisig 《Information processing & management》1978,14(6):405-417
Information-systems are classified into two types, termed “Evidence-of Existence” and “Presentation” of information. The objective of the evidence-type system lies in the domain of documentation and retrieval of information. The structure of this system-type is developed, with application of cybernetic concepts, as an isomorphic model in analogy to the system-structure of communication technology. The latter postulates three criteria of structuring: (1) Source-Channel-Sink, with input-output characteristics, (2) Filter-type communication-channel, (3) Reversable code. These criteria are applied to the structuring of information-systems of the evidence-of-existence type. For the purpose of two-way communication the information-systems have to be represented by closed-loop models. The selective-retrieval requirements necessitate the system-channel to be a filter of information. These information-filters are implemented by keyword-phrases, being identical with the codewords. They yield a uniquely decodable code which is totally reversible to adequately serve both the documentation and the retrieval of documents. It is proven that hierarchic information-systems, applying categorization or subject-heading objects of information, do not meet the mandatory code-requirements. The inherent coding-deficiencies of hierarchic systems generate intolerable retrieval ambiguities. The same critique applies to the thesaurus concept. The development of a novel species of thesaurus is suggested, realizing a kind of Linnéan encyclopedia of general human knowledge, presenting all relevant interrelations of objects of knowledge. Such thesaurus would provide the much needed support for formulating efficient search queries. Other relevant features of communication technology, like the information-potential, should be isomorphically transformed into information-system models. 相似文献
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机构知识库是一种基于开放理念的新型知识组织与传播形式诞生并迅速发展。文章对我国近几年公开发表的机构知识库研究方面的论文进行统计,分析了机构知识库质量评价的研究现状,对决定机构知识库质量的基本要素进行研究,提出了建立机构知识库评价体系的思路和具体评价指标。 相似文献
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Tsutomu Harada 《Research Policy》2003,32(10):1737-1751
The purpose of this paper is to reexamine the role of gatekeeper in R&D organizations through the data collected from a midium-sized machine tool firm. Although the related literature points out (1) information gathering and (2) information transmitting functions as main roles of gatekeeper, this paper further suggests (3) knowledge transforming function that has to be executed within R&D organizations. We will argue that since the latter function often requires distinctive skills that impede information gathering activities, there emerges a three-step flow of communication instead of a two-step flow of communication. We define persons fulfilling this new role as a knowledge transformer, and related testable hypotheses are derived. The latter part of this paper proposes new measuring methods that identify knowledge transformers and test these hypotheses. 相似文献