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1.
受高等教育权能否获得平等保护对于受教育权之实然至关重要。部属院校在各省区的招生名额应按各省区考生人数多少分配,以保障各省区考生受高等教育权平等。同时,为了实质平等,对少数民族考生应实行差别原则。自主招生在当下应该控制在一定范围之内,以保障农村考生的利益。总之,多元化招生是实现教育公平的必由之路。 相似文献
2.
闽、湘、川3省社会阶层高等教育机会差异的初步调查 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
本对闽、湘、川3省部分高校内社会阶层高等教育机会差异的调查分析表明，当前我国社会阶层高等教育机会差异主要体现为农业劳动阶层、失业人员阶层与其它各阶层的差异；各类高校在缩小社会阶层高等教育机会差异方面有不同地位和作用。基于以上分析，本提出了当前应选择公办高职院校作为缩小社会阶层高等教育机会差异的突破口；在入学要求(包括学费和成绩)、学位层次等方面进一步完善多样化高等教育体系的建议。 相似文献
3.
如何确保高等教育机会公平,尤其是如何确保弱势群体的高等教育机会,已经成为国际化的教育和政策问题,而这个问题随着高等教育规模的扩大又进一步被放大。通过研究英国高等教育扩张中的机会公平问题,本文总结到,大量的高等教育机会不公平是隐性的,是在基础教育以及中级教育阶段就已经形成的。因此,要改善高等教育中的机会公平,不能仅限于高等教育范畴的研究和改革。 相似文献
4.
Diana Dias 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(2):103-120
Massification is an undeniable phenomenon in the higher education arena. However, there have been questions raised regarding the extent to which a mass system really corresponds to an effective democratisation not only of access, but also of success. With regards to access, this article intends, through a brief analysis of the expansion of higher education in Portugal (contextualised in the European context), to focus on how the political system and higher education institutions (HEIs) have answered the social need for a highly skilled workforce and an increased demand for tertiary education. If access democratisation can be questioned, then it stands to reason that more doubts may arise regarding the democratisation of academic outcomes.The methodology underlying this study involved the collection and analysis of relevant data from official international and national sources. This allowed for a comparison of the diverse realities and building the national panorama in terms of democratisation not only of access, but also of success. The comparison of these different quantitative inputs shows that applicants from disadvantaged backgrounds are proportionally fewer in number, and tend to enrol in less socially prestigious institutions and study programmes. Students' financial support and social support systems are analysed so as to gauge the state of Portuguese higher education.Despite the advances made in Portugal on the system's expansion and on access to higher education, equity of access and outcomes in higher education have not yet been achieved, thus meaning that the democratisation process has not been fully accomplished. 相似文献
5.
高等教育大众化视野下我国社会各阶层子女高等教育入学机会差异的研究 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
在对我国部分省市区高校在校学生家庭所处社会阶层调查的基础上,从以职业分类为基础的社会阶层和以父母受教育程度为代表的家庭文化资源两方面着手分析,探讨不同社会阶层子女在高等教育入学机会方面存在的差异,发现目前公办高职院校是缩小各社会阶层子女入学机会差距的突破口。 相似文献
6.
目前,我国不同区域居民接受高等教育的机会和质量差距显著,区域高等教育发展差距对教育公平形成严峻挑战。收益的外溢性表明区域高等教育只有协调发展才能稳健发展,统筹区域发展必然需要统筹区域高等教育发展。一个区域的高等教育既要与全国其他区域的高等教育发展水平"大体相当",又要与本区域经济社会发展"搭配得当",政府应成为协调区域高等教育发展的主体。协调区域高等教育发展理论上有三个方向:调整高校区域布局、调整高校招生计划、调整高校区域布局的同时调整高校招生计划。其具体可行的路径是:坚持不懈地调整高校的区域布局,建立对欠发达区域的高等教育补偿机制,制定地方高校生均教育经费最低标准。 相似文献
7.
高等教育当前应当着重抓什么 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：23
朱九思 《北京大学教育评论》2003,1(1):58-62
我国高等教育在进一步发展过程中需要特别关注三个问题 :首先 ,在公办高校继续发展的同时 ,必须发展民办高校 ,提高民办高校的办学水平。其次 ,无论是公办高校还是民办高校都需要提高质量。再次 ,在公办高校中 ,应当将精英教育与大众化教育区别对待 相似文献
8.
市场经济的发展与高等教育财政体制改革 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
随着我国从计划经济向社会主义市场经济转轨 ,计划经济条件下形成的高度集中的高等教育财政体制已不适应高等教育发展的需求。 2 0世纪 80年代初以来 ,我国高等教育财政体制在高等教育拔款体制、高等学校经费使用制度、经费分配方式等方面进行了一系列改革。这些改革反映了社会主义市场经济的发展客观上要求高等教育资源配置应符合透明性、公平性和效率性的三项基本原则。随着市场经济的进一步发展 ,高等教育财政体制的改革将会不断深化 ,不断完善 相似文献
9.
精英高等教育与大众高等教育:两个体系的解读 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
高等教育机构应该按功能分化,而不是趋同。精英高等教育与大众高等教育作为两个体系,既是概念层面的划分,也是操作层面的划分。绝大部分的高等教育机构应该有清晰的定位,或者属于精英高等教育,或者属于大众高等教育。有质的差别的教育应该在不同质的教育机构内完成。精英高等教育与大众高等教育的关系既是冲突的,又是和谐的。我们既要防止精英高等教育压抑大众高等教育,又要防止大众高等教育消解精英高等教育。 相似文献
10.
王玉耀 《洛阳师范学院学报》2012,31(4):99-103
教育公平作为分配社会公共资源的手段,是社会公平的重要基础,对实现社会公平意义重大。教育公平体现为机会公平、规则公平、结果公平及受教育者的发展公平。由于河南省高等教育资源有限,我国现行高等教育制度实施体制等方面的障碍,河南省的高等教育发展在资源分配、弱势主体受教育权保障等方面存在一定的公平问题。为此,我国应当通过完善高等教育体系、优化高等教育层次结构、健全现代大学制度等改革措施予以解决,从而保障河南省高等教育的公平发展,为中原经济区的快速发展提供人才支撑。 相似文献
11.
Sue Scull 《高等教育研究与发展》2010,29(1):59-74
Despite ongoing equity initiatives, there is still a clear discrepancy in regards to access to higher education for potential students from socially disadvantaged backgrounds. This paper reports on an action research initiative that has developed a model of engaged outreach as an alternative approach to traditional university outreach. Engaged outreach uses the principles of higher education community engagement to develop stronger relationships between universities and their local communities for the purposes of increasing aspiration and access to higher education. The project was designed using a reflective, collaborative process with local Pacific Island immigrant communities living in an area of high social deprivation in southeast Queensland, Australia. Research progressed in three key stages, which together form the basis of the proposed model of engaged outreach. While it is acknowledged that the success of engaged outreach will depend on its implementation as a long‐term strategy, preliminary results from this pilot project suggest that it demonstrates real potential to address this important but seemingly entrenched issue in Australian higher education. 相似文献
12.
Tim Pitman 《Cambridge Journal of Education》2015,45(2):281-293
Attempts to make higher education more equitable more readily succeed at the aggregate (sector) level than at the institutional, with students from disadvantaged groups being overrepresented in low-status institutions. It is suggested that this is because policies of ‘fairness’ (i.e. proportional representation) dominate the contemporary policy framework and are strongly resisted by elite universities. However, using the Australian higher education sector as an example, this paper argues that equity policy is actually a mix of ‘proportional fairness’ and ‘inclusion’ and elite institutions resist not because the policy is deficient but because it might actually work. An alternative approach to higher education equity policy is proposed; one which requires elite institutions to engage meaningfully with disadvantaged students but allows them to retain their status advantage. 相似文献
13.
《Africa Education Review》2013,10(1):97-110
Abstract The aim of this paper was to review the contribution of private institutions to higher education in Africa and use Monash South Africa as a case study. A literature search was conducted to gain perspective on the current situation with respect to private higher education institutions in Africa and how they are perceived in relation to public higher education institutions. In comparison with public higher education institutions, private higher education institutions in Africa were successful in four areas: ? Widening access to higher education in the continent ? Improving the quality of education ? Improving student experience ? Increasing the recognition and marketability of their degrees However, private higher education institutions in Africa have failed in two areas: ? Reducing the costs of higher education in Africa ? Assisting with retention of skilled human capital in African countries. In fact, private higher education institutions in Africa, have exacerbated the two situations above. Monash South Africa was the first foreign university to be established in South Africa and one of over 100 private universities in the continent. As a campus of Monash University in Africa, it has seen a steady growth with over 3,500 students in the past 10 years of its existence. Like other private institutions, the campus was successful in the four areas above and also fails in the area of costs and assisting in retention of skilled staff in Africa. The campus has been successful in blending its private provider status with a public purpose mandate by offering degrees in social science, business and economics, information technology and health sciences. 相似文献
14.
从高等教育入学机会的分配标准透视教育公平问题——对新中国50年普通高校招生政策的历史回顾 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
教育公平问题归根结底是一个权利、机会等资源的分配和再分配问题,其中分配标准是关键。不同的分配标准,决定了不同人群的现实处境。回顾新中国成立以来的高校招生政策,我国高等教育入学机会的分配标准经历了由新中国成立初期的学术和政治的双重标准,到教育“革命”时期政治标准被突出强调,“文革”后学术标准被重新确立,进而到当前经济实力成为影响机会分配的重要因素的变革历程。 相似文献
15.
Jae-Eun Chae 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2009,29(3):341-355
This article explores the role of the Korean government in expanding private higher education over time and attempts to examine the impact of such expansion on access to and equity in higher education. The enrolment rate in Korean higher education has increased to over 80% within the past 60 years. This can be attributed to two factors: the rapid expansion of private universities which currently enrol about 80% of undergraduates, and the Koreans' educational aspirations rooted in the cultural esteem for education. The government's role is also paramount in the expansion by deregulating private universities. However, higher education expansion, mainly led by private resources with minimal government funding, has resulted in educational inequity. The Korean case demonstrates the importance of maintaining a balanced act between regulating and promoting the expansion of private higher education for a developing economy. 相似文献
16.
17.
George Odhiambo 《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2016,38(2):196-211
Higher education is a key factor in a nation’s effort to develop a highly skilled workforce for competing in the global economy. In this paper, current trends in accessibility, equity, participation and financing of higher education in Kenya are examined. The paper explores the challenges which need to be confronted and discusses the way forward for reforming higher education policies in Kenya to widen access and advance equity by suggesting a number of strategies. It highlights the need for programmes and policies focusing on improving access to quality secondary education experiences; increasing aspirations and application to higher education; and the improvement of policies on financial support to disadvantaged students through the already existing Higher Education Loans Board. It concludes with a number of recommendations including a new revenue allocation particularly to the rising numbers of higher education aspirants from low income, rural, ethnic minorities and women. 相似文献
18.
Min-xuan Zhang 《Frontiers of Education in China》2006,1(4):475-486
From a financial perspective, the criteria for category distinction of higher education institutions should be based on the
ownership of institution property and income for recurrent expenditure. The development of modern higher education witnessed
the period wherein higher education institutions have both private property and private payment for recurrent expenditure.
The development also saw the period wherein all the institution properties were owned by the state and all the recurrent expenditure
were paid by the government. Accordingly, universities could be divided into two categories of “public” and “private” institutions
until the 1970s. However, things have been changing greatly over the past 20 years. Property ownership and payment for recurrent
expenditure have been separated. The public institutions appeal to more and more individuals sharing recurrent expenditure,
while private institutions ask for more and more public financial support. Therefore, some financially mixed institutions
came into being and “three categories with sub-groups” has become a new phenomenon.
__________
Translated from Peking University Education Review, 2004 (2) 相似文献
19.
中国加入世贸组织给远程教育带来了机遇和挑战。政府应明确发展远程教育的指导方针，转变职能，制定相关政策，从总体上监督远程教育的发展。远程教育院校在重视产业化运作体系的建立和贯彻国家教育方针指导原则的同时，应积极加强与国外院校的合作，探索以学生为中心的教学模式，同时进一步改革人事制度，重视远程教育研究。 相似文献
20.
印度自独立之初就将起点公平作为教育发展战略，大规模扩张高等教育规模，目前印度高等教育机构数量全球第一。“量”的急剧扩充导致“质”的持续下滑；片面追求起点公平忽视过程公平和结果公平，使得不同性别、阶层、区域和贫富之间的教育不公平问题加剧。印度高等教育公平与质量冲突的根源在于社会阶层割裂阻滞弱势群体的教育意识，高等教育平庸化导致优质教育匮乏，管理体系羸弱使政策成效不彰。印度要实现高等教育高质量公平道阻且长。 相似文献