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1.
研究目的:通过比较参加亚运会与全国皮划艇春季冠军赛的皮艇运动员划桨技术和竞速结构的不同,分析运动员在比赛中的技、战术特点,从而能更有针对性地提高优秀运动员的划桨技术和竞技能力;研究方法:通过SONY摄像机对2010年全国皮划艇春季冠军赛和广州亚运会的200 m皮艇项目中参加男子单人皮艇(MK1-200 m)的运动员进行全程跟踪与定焦定点拍摄,运用德国SIMI运动分析系统对MK1比赛中亚洲优秀代表队的划桨技术和竞速结构做出对比分析;研究发现,MK1-200 m皮艇项目中,参加亚运会与冠军赛的运动员在一桨划距指标上无显著性差异,在时间、艇速和桨频指标上有非常显著性差异;两组运动员的划距与桨频呈现出高度负相关,处理好桨频与划距的关系是运动员提高艇速的关键;两组运动员的出水角呈显著性差异,尤其是B组的出水角过小,划桨周期的时间较长,桨频降低从而使艇速下降,因此认为,桨的出水角不能过低。 相似文献
2.
国内男子优秀皮艇运动员途中划划桨技术与效果的研究——兼谈双机同步二维摄像法和皮艇专项分析系统 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用双机同步二维摄像法对参加2005年全运会预选赛的12名男子优秀运动员在500m单人艇比赛时的途中划过程进行了现场拍摄，并且运用自行研发并与摄像方法相适应的皮艇运动专项解析软件对所拍的图像资料进行解析。运用理论和统计学方法分析了途中划的划桨技术，拟揭示国内单人皮艇500m优秀运动员途中划的技术动作的运动学特征，以期从理论和解析数据两方面探究提高途中划划桨效果的皮艇技术的改进方向。结论：双机同步二维摄像方法和专项分析系统使用效果良好；根据拉桨过程中桨获得推进力的主要来源，整个拉桨阶段可分为入水升力推进时相、阻力推进时相和出水升力推进时相；拉桨时艇速的变化特征是分析划桨效果的重要依据之一；随速度的提高，后拉划距减小；最大艇速出现时刻前移和速度下降率增大，阻力作用于艇和桨的相对时间延长；在出水升力推进时相，减小划桨的水平速度，加大垂直速度，加大出水角，将更有利于提高艇速和划桨效果。 相似文献
3.
徐菊生 《武汉体育学院学报》1987,(3)
女子皮艇是一项周期性水上运动。划船运动员以快速有力的重复的划桨推动船艇前进,两分钟内均可划完比赛全程,其功率达25公斤米/秒。由于速度——划桨动作速度和频率不可能无限增长,而力量——划桨爆发力量和力量耐力是一变量,可以通过专门训练有效的发展。因此,力量素质水平直接影响运动员释放功率的大小——专项成绩的好坏。我国女子皮艇运动水平比较落后,与国外优秀运动员相比差距较大。表1是我国女子皮艇运动员和东德女子皮艇运动员的陆上力量素质测试结果(见表1)。 相似文献
4.
通过对全运会男子皮艇比赛资料的分析发现：国内男子皮艇运动有着向奖牌集中、强队垄断金牌、兼项队员更多的趋势;同时具有项目整体水平发展不一、多人艇较单人艇成绩提高幅度要大的特点;男子皮艇运动员在1000m项目上个体能力提高较慢、运动员之间能力差距较大。结合访谈调研分析发现要提高国内男子皮艇运动的水平需要在单人艇1000m项目上进行突破,并对速度结构和兼项等训练理念进行新的认识。 相似文献
5.
我国优秀女子皮艇运动员艇上划桨的运动生物力学测试与评定研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用德国产划桨测力系统对11名女子皮艇运动员进行了跟踪测试，同时测试生理和生化指标并综合分析。结果显示，在500m全程中，出发的最大划桨力量为320N，途中为250N，冲刺为270N。全程平均划桨力量为130N。划桨周期中支撑与非支撑阶段的比例为65％：35％和70％：30％。多人艇跟桨手的平均力量和最大力量优于领桨手。我国女子皮艇运动员与世界优秀选手差距在平均力量和平均划桨功率上。 相似文献
6.
为寻找山东省单人皮艇优秀运动员途中划桨技术的不足,寻求提高划桨效果的途径,为运动队和教练备战十一运会提供参考资料和理论依据.研究采用平面定机摄像方法(拍摄频率50 Hz,曝光速度1/250 s),在赛程中段一侧对途中划一个复桨(两桨)周期动作进行拍摄.固定在一侧的摄像机同时记录了运动员左、右侧的划桨技术动作.采用独立t检验对部分指标值进行检验,P<0.05认为具有显著性差异.研究发现,运动员左右侧划桨技术不对称,右侧强于左侧;运动员左臂作为拉桨臂时推水过程不明显,不平稳;双侧划桨节奏不理想.建议延长桨叶水平推水的时间,减少回桨时间,改善划菜节奏;延长最大艇速保持时间;增强左侧肌肉力量,改善左侧与右侧肌肉力量的平衡度;并增强左右臂途中划划桨技术的配合程度;加强腰髋等核心部位的力量训练. 相似文献
7.
以湖北队8名男子皮艇运动员为研究对象，运用皮艇测功仪进行测试，观察运动员在定量负荷下血乳酸值的变化，以评价测功仪训练对运动员耐酸能力的影响。结果：在周期训练过程中，男子皮艇运动员的平均乳酸阈功率显著提高（P〈0.05）；250m测试成绩显著提高（P〈0.05），个别队员极显著（P〈0.01）。结论：乳酸阈功率显著提高，说明周期训练有效提高了运动员的耐酸能力。 相似文献
8.
为了探讨世界优秀女子四人皮艇队运动员划桨的动作结构，采用试验测试法，对“好运北京”女子皮艇500m决赛中的前3名动作进行运动学分析。发现德国队桨叶水下和空中时间分配比较合理，匈牙利队桨频比较高，中国队动作结构尽管比较匀称，但还有需要继续完善的地方。 相似文献
9.
梳理2003-2011年间历届皮划艇世锦赛男子单人皮艇3个项目的比赛成绩,对比赛成绩的特点进行分析和总结,认为：欧洲占据男子皮艇项目绝对优势,亚洲水平较低;200m项目成绩逐年提高,500m项目保持不变,1 000m项目成绩有下滑趋势;200m项目与其他距离的相关性不大,但500m与1 000m项目具有很高的相关性,单人艇项目优秀运动员的多人艇实力也较强。对指导我国男子皮艇项目发展提出了建议。 相似文献
10.
对中外优秀女子单人皮艇运动员桨频及划桨节奏的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用Simi Motion运动分析系统,对国内外优秀女子单人皮艇运动员一个完整划桨周期技术进行分析.结果表明:中外优秀运动员左侧桨频及各个阶段的时间比例均没有显著性差异(P>0.05),右侧动力阶段时间比例存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01);国内优秀运动员左右两侧划桨的对称性和一致性要优于国外优秀运动员;优秀运动员菜频的提高有提高拉桨时间比例,相应缩短回桨时间比例的趋势. 相似文献
11.
中外女子四人皮艇500 m比赛桨频模式的比较研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了世界大赛中国外主要对手在wk4-500 m比赛中的桨频模式和反映的战术,世界大赛中强队的主要战术为全力划。国家队与国外主要对手的专项体能差异表现为起动加速能力和途中耐酸能力,两种能力的提高是训练的重点。 相似文献
12.
男子皮艇比赛战术方案探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用生物力学和生理学的方法,对皮艇500 m 和1 000 m 比赛的4 种战术方案进行研究。通过对四种战术方案的速度、功率、划浆速度、吸氧量、需氧量、心率的测试,比较了4 种战术方案的效果。结果显示第4 种战术方案的生物力学和能量特征最为有效 相似文献
13.
Daniel Hamacher Tobias Krebs Guido Meyer Astrid Zech 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(4):491-496
During competition, kayak athletes must optimally adapt to environmental factors (e.g. wind, waves) to achieve peak performance. However, the ability to adapt to such perturbations has never been assessed in kayak paddling. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the local dynamic stability in sports technique of youth sprint kayak athletes. In a cross-sectional study, 14 healthy male athletes were recruited from an elite youth sprint kayak squad. During an incremental kayak ergometer test, mean power, heart rates and local dynamic technique stability of hands, arms, trunk and paddle were registered and the association with the athletes 2000?m free-water times were estimated using mixed models. The 2000?m free-water performance significantly predicted the paddles (p?=?.037) local dynamic stability whereas no association was found for the trunk or the upper extremity kinematics. In conclusion, kayak athletes with high-performance capability over 2000?m paddling depict high local dynamic technique stability. This emphasizes the importance of a stable technique for advanced kayak skills, especially regarding paddling movements. 相似文献
14.
Eric Sprigings Peter McNair Grant Mawston David Sumner Mark Boocock 《Sports Engineering》2006,9(3):147-153
The intent of this project was to explore the feasibility of personalising the paddle blade size for individual flatwater
kayakers based on their power output profiles. Twelve elite male kayakers performed on a kayak ergometer at the same intensity
and resistance that they would normally experience while paddling at race pace for 500 m on the water. The kayak ergometer
was instrumented so that power profiles could be determined from the instantaneous force and velocity of the representative
centre point of the paddle blade. From the power profile information, the researchers calculated a personalised blade size
that was expected to improve performance for those kayakers differing more than 5% from the calculated ‘ideal’ size. For the
elite kayakers studied, it was recommended that seven of the paddlers should increase their blade size by approximately 5–10%.
For the remaining five paddlers, the results indicated that their current blade sizes were within the expected measurement
error of their predicted ideal value and should be retained. It is anticipated that this research will provide the theoretical
rationale for elite kayakers to see the need to personalise their blade size based on their own muscle power profiles. 相似文献
15.
The cause and effect relationship between the paddling motion and the hull behavior of a kayak in a sprint race has not been sufficiently investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the paddling motion on the hull behavior by numerical simulation. A dynamic simulation model of a paddler, paddle and hull in a single kayak, which was previously developed, was used for the simulation. One standard paddling motion and three modified motions were prepared for the simulation. Three modified motions were created based on suggestions by coaches of the Japan Olympic team. These motions were thought to be often seen in paddlers of lower skill level and, therefore, empirically considered to be typically bad motions. From the simulation results, the following findings were obtained: in the simulation of the standard paddling motion, the averaged hull velocity was 5.4 m/s. This was consistent with the actual hull velocity of 5.5 m/s. Typically bad motions which induced undesirable hull fluctuations reduced the propulsive efficiency. 相似文献
16.
Surfboard volume and shape affect human performance while riding waves, but little is known regarding the impact of these variables on paddling, where surfers spend a majority of their time. The purpose of this study was to determine whether changing the foil (fore/aft thickness profile) of a short surfboard will alter paddling mechanics and efficiency if surfers are allowed to self-select their prone position. Twenty recreational surfers paddled three different surfboards in a freshwater swim flume while measurements of drag force, board motion, body position, heart rate, and oxygen use were acquired. All boards shared the same volume (31 L) and gross dimensions (172.7 cm long × 50.8 cm wide × 6 cm thick), but the geometric center was placed in a different location along the fore/aft axis of each board. Surfers were blinded to the volume and shape of each board. Results indicated that surfers positioned their center of mass further forward in response to a more nose-heavy board and further aft in response to a more tail-heavy board (22.04 ± 6.34 mm difference in position between boards, p = 0.008). This self-selected positioning yielded no statistical difference in drag force, board angle and accelerations, heart rate, or oxygen use across the three boards. These data suggest that when surfboard volume and gross dimensions are fixed, foil has little effect on the efficiency of paddling a short surfboard in recreational athletes. 相似文献
17.
During kayak paddling, athletes attempt to maximize kayak velocity with the generation of optimal paddle forces. The aim of the current study was to examine ten elite kayakers and identify a number of key biomechanical performance variables during maximal paddling on a custom kayak simulator. These included analysing the effect of side (left and right) and period (beginning, middle, and end of the kayak simulation) on paddle force, paddle angle, mechanical efficiency, and stroke timing data. Paddle kinetics and kinematics were measured with strain gauge force transducers attached to either end of the ergometer paddle and using a 3D motion analysis system respectively. Results indicated a significantly greater mechanical efficiency during the right paddle stroke compared with the left (P < 0.025). In addition, analysing the effect of period, peak paddle force demonstrated a significant reduction when comparing the beginning to the middle and end of the simulated race respectively (P < 0.025). Examination of individual force profiles revealed considerable individuality, with significant variation in the time course of force application. Analysis of the profiles presented may provide meaningful feedback for kayakers and their coaches. 相似文献
18.
Johanna S. Rosén Anton Arndt Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey Barry S. Mason Michael J. Hutchinson Olga Tarassova 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(17):1942-1950
ABSTRACTPara Va’a is a new Paralympic sport in which athletes with trunk and/or leg impairment compete over 200 m. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of impairment on kinematic and kinetic variables during Va’a ergometer paddling. Ten able-bodied and 44 Para Va’a athletes with impairments affecting: trunk and legs (TL), legs bilaterally (BL) or leg unilaterally (UL) participated. Differences in stroke frequency, mean paddling force, and joint angles and correlation of the joint angles with paddling force were examined. Able-bodied demonstrated significantly greater paddling force as well as knee and ankle flexion ranges of movement (ROM) on the top hand paddling side compared to TL, BL and UL. Able-bodied, BL and UL demonstrated greater paddling force and trunk flexion compared to TL, and UL demonstrated larger bottom hand paddling side knee and ankle flexion ROM compared to BL. Significant positive correlations were observed for both male and female athletes between paddling force and all trunk flexion angles and ROM in the trunk and pelvis rotation and bottom hand paddling side hip, knee and ankle flexion. The results of this study are important for creating an evidence-based classification system for Para Va’a. 相似文献
19.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(6):407-415
Abstract The purpose of the present study was to measure and compare peak oxygen uptake and paddling efficiency in recreational and competitive junior male surfers. Eight male recreational surfers (mean age 18 years, s=2; mass 66.8 kg, s=13.0; height 1.75 m, s=0.10) and eight male competitive surfers (mean age 18 years, s=1; mass 68.0 kg, s=11.7; height 1.72 m, s=0.10) performed an incremental paddling test consisting of four 3-min constant load work stages followed by a ramp increase in power output of 20 W · 30 s?1 until exhaustion. The oxygen uptake–power output relationship of the four constant load work stages and peak values obtained during the incremental paddling test were used to calculate paddling efficiency. No differences (P>0.05) were observed between the recreational and competitive surfers for peak oxygen uptake (recreational: 2.52 litres · min?1, s=0.5; competitive: 2.66 litres · min?1, s=0.35) or efficiency (recreational: 24%, s=3; competitive: 21%, s=4). Blood lactate concentration was significantly greater in recreational (2.4 mmol · l?1, s=0.9) than competitive surfers (1.6 mmol · l?1, s=0.5) during submaximal paddling. There were no differences in peak oxygen uptake or paddling efficiency between recreational and competitive surfers suggesting that peak oxygen uptake and efficiency are not sensitive to differences in surfing ability. The increase in blood lactate concentration during submaximal paddling in recreational compared with competitive surfers suggests that other determinants of paddling endurance, such as blood lactate threshold, might be better at distinguishing surfers of differing ability. 相似文献