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本文运用Heath-Carter体型法,探讨了健身运动对处在青春期的女孩体型发育的影响.结果显示青春期女孩随年龄增长,内胚层均值逐渐增加;各年龄组的健身组与安静组体型均值均存在一定差异,其中12、13、14、15岁组差异显著(P＜0.05);从体型分布中可以看出,健身组内胚型类体型比例较安静组明显下降,中胚型类体型比例较安静组升高.表明青春期女孩随年龄增长,皮下脂肪含量增加;健身运动可以使该时期女孩体脂含量维持在较低水平,保持良好的线性度,同时也有利于促进骨骼肌肉系统的良好发育;12～15岁间,健身运动对体型的影响较明显. 相似文献
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目的:构建围青春期体质指数和体脂百分比间最佳曲线模型;探索围青春期体质指数和体脂百分比在增龄过程中的消长规律.方法:以2011年1-12月体质检测中心1 878名(男:940名;女:938名)8～16岁中、小学生为研究对象,测试其身高、体重、体脂含量、体脂百分比及去脂体重,计算其BMI.对其BMI和体脂百分比进行曲线拟合,并根据AIC值和R确定BMI对体脂百分比的最佳模型;根据不同年龄段BMI和体脂百分比年度增量值探讨BMI和体脂百分比增龄消长规律.结果:1)一至六次曲线中仅直线、二次曲线及三次曲线的AIC值和R有显著性差异,分别为872.547、0.807;867.597、0.812;863.937、0.815.2)围青春期女生体脂百分比增量峰值分别出现于8～9岁和13～14岁,谷值出现于9～10岁;BMI增量峰值出现于10～11岁,14～15岁;谷值出现于12～13岁.男生体脂百分比增量峰值出现于9～10岁,11～12岁,14～15岁;谷值出现于10～11岁,13～14岁;BMI增量峰值出现于9～10岁,12～13岁,14～15岁,谷值出现于10～11岁,15～16岁.结论:1)三次曲线被证实为拟合围青春期体质指数和体脂百分比协同变化关系的最优模型;2)受性激素非匀速分泌影响,男孩体脂百分比与BMI增龄特点类似,呈现“三峰两谷”特点,女孩体脂百分比与BMI增龄均呈现“两谷一峰”特点. 相似文献
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采用随机整体抽样调查法,对湖南省14个市、州的45～55岁3 294名中年知识分子的身体形态、生理机能等指标进行观察测定.结果显示:湖南省中年知识分子男性45～49岁组体重指数(BMI)平均为25.1±2.82,50～55岁组为27.7±3.22;女性45～49岁组平均为24.7±3.13,50～55岁组为26.3±3.30.其中50～55岁同性别BMI高于年龄45～49岁者(P＜0.05),且BMI与安静的心率、血压、体脂百分率以及肺活量有密切关系;湖南省中年知识分子BMI随着年龄的增加而增加,并与血压、皮褶厚度以及体脂百分比呈正相关,而与肺活量呈负相关;BMI作为评价体质与健康、预防心血管疾病具有重要的意义. 相似文献
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受试者是从清华80与82两届学生中,随机抽取的13个班,男314人,女61人,从80年9月至87年6月,7年中共对皮褶厚度等进行了6次跟踪测试。对其研究目的得到了如下初步结果。一、身高、体重虽均随年龄增长而逐年增长,但增长值及增长速度逐年减少,总增长值很小。男生的身高、体重、肺活量、身体素质、去脂体重及指数均比女生高,而皮褶厚度、体脂％,体脂肪量及指数则明显低于女生。男生的皮褶厚度、 相似文献
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中国11省市大学生皮褶厚度测定与体成分分析 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22
研究目的：建立我国大学生的肱三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度正常值并估测体成分。研究方法：对11省市17611名19～22岁男女大学生进行体成分分析并作分组差值检验,利用百分位数法建立正常值。主要结果和结论：我国大学生在皮褶厚度和体脂率、瘦体重等方面存在明显的城乡差异和地区间差异。体格发育和体成分指标间存在密切的相关关系。分别为男女生建立了两处皮褶厚度的百分位数正常值。建议：该正常值可广泛应用于对大学生人群进行营养状况评价,筛查肥胖和营养不良。 相似文献
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目的探讨12～15岁不同发育类型少年Heath-Carter体型特征及规律,掌握这一时期不同发育类型儿童青少年的生长发育状况,为及时改进青春发育期出现的对健康发展的不利因素提供科学依据。方法运用Heath-Carter方法,分析比较12～15岁不同发育类型少年Heath-Carter三因子特征和关系,以及形态发育指标等方面的差异。结果不同发育类型男女生Heath-Carter法10项基本人体测量指标、全身体脂百分比等都存在明显差异,并且差异随个体发育成熟度的高低呈同步变化。结论 12～15岁不同发育类型的男生体型差异的主要原因是髂嵴上部皮褶厚度、上臂紧张围和HWR指数的变化,而造成不同发育类型女生体型差异的主要原因是髂嵴上部皮褶厚度、修正小腿围和HWR指数的变化。 相似文献
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不同健身形式对女性体成分和骨代谢的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
探讨不同健身形式对女性体成分和骨代谢的影响。150名女性受试者随机分为1个对照组,9个健身组。9个健身组进行6个月的健身运动,测试运动后的体重、去脂体重、肌力、心功能、血AKP、ACP、E2。结果:1)有氧运动与肌肉力量锻炼相结合可使去脂体重和去脂体重/体重指数明显提高,有氧运动能提高心功能,提示,体成分可作为健身效果评价的重要指标之一。2)经6个月的锻炼,9个运动组的E2浓度明显升高,有氧运动结合肌肉力量训练的AKP活性升高,ACP活性下降,表明,有氧运动对E2的浓度、有氧运动结合肌肉力量对AKP、ACP水平的影响较大。建议健身者在进行有氧运动锻炼时,应加强肌肉力量的训练,以提高去脂体重和骨代谢水平,防治骨质疏松症。 相似文献
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人体是由脂肪和非脂肪两种成分构成.脂肪是反映身体营养状况的指标,一般以测量皮下脂肪厚度进行定量.非脂肪成分主要是骨骼、肌肉,它的重量等于体重减去脂肪量,称为去脂体重.去脂体重更能真实地反映运动器官的发育状况,对评价身体健康和运动机能水平具有较大的意义.国外对一般人和优秀运动员皮下脂肪厚度的测量及身体脂肪百分比有过报导,如美国、日本等.在我国对局部地区儿童少年皮下脂肪厚度有过调查,对游泳、足球运动员皮下脂肪厚度有过测量,但对速滑运动员的身体成分的研究、未见有资料发表. 相似文献
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建立上海市成年男性体脂率预测公式的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:以上海市2005年国民体质监测数据为基础,建立上海市成年男性体脂率预测公式.方法:抽取来自上海市19个区(县)的21～59岁上海男性市民,共441人.随机将总受试者的80%(n=353)分为建立组,通过SPSS 11.5的多元线性回归分析建立回归方程;剩余20%(n=88)受试者作为验证组对所得到的预测方程进行回代验证.同时,将新建立的预测方程预测值,与上海市2005年国民体质监测中所用的皮褶厚度法体脂率预测方程(下称旧预测方程)预测值,以BODPOD方法测试值为标准进行比较.结果:新建立的预测方程为%BF=[0.072+0.005×腹部皮褶厚度+0.005×肩胛下皮褶厚度+0.003×上臂部皮褶厚度-0.0000189×(腹部皮褶厚度+肩胛下皮褶厚度+上臂部皮褶厚度)2]×100%,通过回代验证表明,新预测方程较旧预测方程更能准确地反应测试值.结论:在条件有限和基层进行简易的上海市成年男性体脂率预测时,建议考虑使用该预测公式. 相似文献
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Cardiorespiratory and body composition changes were evaluated in 25 sedentary females, aged 18 to 30 years, following 12 weeks of aerobic dance training (3 days a week, 45 min a session). Fifteen subjects, from the same population, comprised a control group: they maintained their normal activity and dietary habits over the course of the study. Analysis of variance of the values for selected cardiorespiratory responses revealed that the aerobic dance programme produced training effects in the experimental group. These training effects were indicated by significant improvements in O2 pulse, VE, heart rate and perceived exertion during submaximal exercise. Significant improvements were also noted in VO2 max, maximal O2 pulse, VE max, maximal heart rate and maximal running time on the treadmill. Additionally, increases in lean body mass and body density, together with decreases in percentage body fat and the sum of four skinfold thicknesses were found to be significant for the experimental group. No significant improvements in any of these variables were found for the control group. It was concluded that this 12-week aerobic dance programme was successful in promoting beneficial changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition. 相似文献
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Esther Ubago-Guisado Alejandro Martinez-Rodriguez Leonor Gallardo Javier Sánchez-Sánchez 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):1176-1186
The accumulation of bone mass during puberty is related with bone health in adulthood. This accumulation is influenced by diverse factors such as body mass index (BMI), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), hours of training and years of sport practice. For this reason, the objective of this study is to analyse the influence of these variables on bone mass in young female athletes. The sample is formed of 120 healthy girls with ages between 9 and 13 (11.32?±?1.6?years old), divided into two groups depending on their BMI, VO2 max, hours of training and years of sport practice. The participants completed a series of tests to evaluate level of sexual development, body composition (fat mass, lean mass and bone mass) and physical condition. The results show higher values of total lean mass, total fat mass and percentage of body fat in the groups with higher BMI in prepubertal girls and pubertal girls (p?2 max, in the prepubertal group, girls with lower VO2 max had higher values of total fat mass (p?p?2 max also showed a higher total fat mass (p?相似文献
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Cardiorespiratory and body composition changes were evaluated in 25 sedentary females, aged 18 to 30 years, following 12 weeks of aerobic dance training (3 days a week, 45 min a session). Fifteen subjects, from the same population, comprised a control group: they maintained their normal activity and dietary habits over the course of the study. Analysis of variance of the values for selected cardiorespiratory responses revealed that the aerobic dance programme produced training effects in the experimental group. These training effects were indicated by significant improvements in O2 pulse, V E, heart rate and perceived exertion during submaximal exercise. Significant improvements were also noted in VO2 max, maximal O2pulse, V E max, maximal heart rate and maximal running time on the treadmill. Additionally, increases in lean body mass and body density, together with decreases in percentage body fat and the sum of four skinfold thicknesses were found to be significant for the experimental group. No significant improvements in any of these variables were found for the control group. It was concluded that this 12‐week aerobic dance programme was successful in promoting beneficial changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition. 相似文献
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Vivian H. Heyward Sandra M. Johannes-Ellis Jacki F. Romer 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):154-159
The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in upper and lower body strength as a function of lean body weight and the distribution of muscle and subcutaneous fat in the upper and lower limbs. The subjects were 103 physically active men (n = 48) and women (n = 55). The peak torques produced during shoulder flexion (SF) and knee extension (KE) were used as measures of upper body and lower body strength, respectively. Flexed arm girth, thigh girth, triceps skinfold, and thigh skinfold were used to estimate the distribution of muscle and subcutaneous fat in the limbs. Results of the MANOVA revealed that the overall strength of men was significantly greater than that of women. Results of MANCOVA indicated that the SF and KE strength of women and men did not differ significantly when differences in lean body weight, arm girth, thigh girth, triceps skinfold and thigh skinfold were statistically controlled. High levels of SF and KE strength were associated with a high lean body weight and a large arm girth. Results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that for men a substantial portion of the variance in both SF and KE strength was explained by lean body weight alone; whereas strength variations in women were explained more adequately by including limb variables along with lean body weight. Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that gender differences in upper and lower body strength are a function of differences in lean body weight and the distribution of muscle and subcutaneous fat in the body segments. Upper body strength is relatively more important than lower body strength in characterizing the gender difference in strength. 相似文献
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Body composition measures were collected pre-, mid- and post-season on a team of eight national-calibre collegiate women gymnasts to examine intraseason changes. Also analysed were interseason changes using pre- and post-season data on five of the eight subjects during the current and previous year, according to a 2 x 2 (years x tests) analysis of variance repeated-measures design. Skinfold, circumference and diameter measures were collected with percentage body fat, lean body mass and body density determined by regression equations developed specifically for collegiate female gymnasts. Intraseason body weight decreased significantly from pre- to mid-season (means = 55.0 and 53.6 kg respectively); but the difference between mid- and post-season (53.9 kg) values was not significant (P greater than 0.05). The majority of the 1.4 kg weight loss occurred during intense pre-season conditioning and not during the actual season. Percentage body fat, on the other hand, decreased significantly from pre- to mid-season and mid- to post-season (means = 21.4%, 17.4% and 13.45% respectively; P less than 0.0005). Body density increased significantly from pre- to mid-season and mid- to post-season (means = 1.0476, 1.0584 and 1.0681 respectively; P greater than 0.0005). Of the circumference and skinfold values used in calculating percentage body fat and body density, only the skinfold values displayed significant decreases throughout the season. Interseason analyses revealed no significant changes in any of the dependent measures between seasons, despite consistent trends. There were no significant years x tests interactions and all intraseason changes for two seasons (n = 5) were the same as those found in more detailed analysis of a single season (n = 8) except in the case of weight loss, which was marginally significant (P less than 0.046) in the single-season and not in the dual-season analysis (P greater than 0.05). Body composition of these gymnasts changed in many ways within competitive seasons. The most pronounced changes observed were decreases in subcutaneous fat and increases in body density. This study reinforces the need for administrators, coaches and athletes to be concerned with percentage body fat and skinfold measures rather than weight alone when determining if a person is 'fat'. 相似文献
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M. H. Slaughter T. G. Lohman J. E. Misner 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):159-168
The purpose of this study was to determine the association of somatotype, body composition, and physical performance in 7- through 12-year-old boys. Two objective methods of measuring somatotype, Sheldon's trunk index method and Heath–Carter's anthropometric method, were used. Body composition was estimated as fat and lean body mass from 40K measurement, using a whole-body counter, and from two skinfold thickness measures. Physical performance measures consisted of three tests of running (mile run, 600-yd run and 50-yd dash) and two tests of jumping (standing broad jump and vertical jump). In general, somatotype components had lower correlations with running and jumping variables than did body composition or body size variables such as height, weight, and percent fat. Heath and Carter's third component, derived from the inverse ponderal index, correlated more closely with performance scores than did other components of somatotype. Somatotype components in combination with each other and with body size and body composition variables in a multiple regression analysis indicated little association with running performance, but some association with jumping. Mesomorphy and second component were the least significant somatotype components, as indicated by the standardized regression coefficients. 相似文献
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目的：检测黑龙江省部分中青年干部身体成分,根据存在的问题采取有效的运动干预措施,改善健康状况。方法：受试者清晨空腹状态测试身体成分,对比不同年龄组间身体与生理年龄、体重与标准体重差值。体重指数、体脂肪百分比,进行统计分析,总结存在的问题。结果：黑龙江省中青年干部总体上身体年龄普遍高于生理年龄,各年龄组体重指数高于正常值,各年龄组体脂肪百分比均高于正常值。结论：黑龙江省中青年干部健康状况欠佳,31-35岁年龄组状况最差,各年龄组应通过适宜的运动方式降体重,尤其降脂肪含量。 相似文献