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1.
义务教育阶段公立学校的教育质量一直是包括美国在内的许多国家的问题，美国实施教育券改革带来的外部竞争促使公立学校进行改革，同时也发展了私立学校，是教育领域的双赢政策。 相似文献
2.
Fixing Special Education 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jay P. Greene 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(4):703-723
The current system of educating disabled students provides financial incentives to schools to overidentify students as disabled and underserve those that are identified. The incentive to overidentify is caused by providing schools with additional funds as more students are placed in special education categories that are ambiguous to diagnose and require relatively low additional expenditures to address. The incentive to underserve is caused by high information and transaction costs imposed on parents using the legal process to obtain desired services. An efficient alternative to the current system is to offer disabled students vouchers worth the cost of their education in public schools with which they can attend a private school if they wish. This article considers empirical analyses of the relationship between financial incentives and overidentification as well as the potential benefits of vouchers for special education. It concludes that vouchers for special education are a promising idea for improving the quality of education for disabled students while constraining growth in special education enrollments. 相似文献
3.
叶芸 《海南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2007,20(2):145-147
文章通过对国内外教育券制度的诠释,认为理解教育券的衡来促进发展,还是以发展来促进均衡.在均衡与发展的抉择中,多样性是教育券的必然选择.只有认清了这一点.才真正有利于教育券的实施,并达到人们希望借助教育券的实施以发展教育的目的. 相似文献
4.
教育券提升学校效率的前提是学校间能形成竞争,而学校间竞争形成则需要具备相应的条件。在教育实践中,学校竞争所需的一系列条件如学校的可选择性、教育发展的均衡性、服务的异质性、信息的可获性、完善的退出机制等要素并不完全具备。且上述要件作为一种必要条件,得到满足也并不意味着教育效率的必然提高。教育券诱发的过度竞争、精英化和成本失控反而会导致教育效率的降低。 相似文献
5.
刘利 《武汉职业技术学院学报》2009,8(2):94-96,111
高职院校思想政治教育制度的现状是宏观制度充足,面向高职院校的制度匮乏,高职院校功利价值取向成为教育机构层面思想政治教育制度建设的障碍。对高职院校思想政治教育进行制度分析是针对思想政治教育制度的安排、执行等活动,分析其如何在高职院校环境中发挥作用,展望其发展创新的空间。 相似文献
6.
《Journal of School Choice》2013,7(3):17-28
ABSTRACT In 2002 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that state-supported vouchers, which parents can redeem in private schools, do not offend the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. Thus, the legality of government vouchers to fund education will be determined primarily on the basis of state law. Specifically, programs are being challenged under state constitutional provisions calling for the legislature to provide for a uniform system of education or provisions prohibiting the use of public funds in sectarian institutions. This article explores legal developments in this regard, with particular emphasis on implications of the recent state supreme court decisions striking down challenged voucher programs. Also addressed is current legislative activity, which will likely generate additional litigation pertaining to school vouchers. doi:10.1300/ J467v01n03_05 相似文献
7.
Educational choice (vouchers) and social mobility 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A quantitative approach to study the impact of vouchers is thought to yield more meaningful results than theoretical arguments. This paper makes use of a model of the behavior of young people and schools to simulate the effects of vouchers of varying sizes on students in different income categories, living in three communities — poor, average and wealthy — under two assumptions about how public schools spend their resources. The first assumption is that public schools minimize their offerings to individual students (i.e. maximize their surplus) in order to further objectives not valued by students. The second assumption is that public schools act as competitive firms, maximizing their educational offerings to individual students.Findings from the simulation are neither uniformly positive nor negative. They do not support the argument that poor young people will be better off with a voucher system. Even in the most favorable case — when public schools maximize surplus — a systemic choice system would not come close to equalizing educational opportunity across income groups. 相似文献
8.
教育券的教育公平探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
近年,作为打破教育垄断、引入市场竞争及提高教育公平的教育改革新实践的教育券制度被“舶”来我国,在浙江长兴等地进行了尝试。这引起了学界、当局的广泛关注。文章从教育券对教育公平的意义进行剖析,认为教育券制度的实施有助于现实中教育起点公平、制度公平、道德公平;同时,强调当前需要加强针对我国国情的教育券理论研究,以更好的完善我们的教育券实践。 相似文献
9.
择校制度是美国教育改革的一个中心议题。美国目前已形成特许学校、磁石学校、学费券、家庭学校等多种教育形式共同发展的多元化格局。本文以特许学校为例,从历史的角度阐述了美国择校制度的演进,择校制度的推行以及择校制度的效果,对我国基础教育改革具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
10.
《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(3):57-80
This article provides an updated review of recent empirical research on the potential impact of private school vouchers. It addresses 3 questions: (a) do students that use vouchers to attend a private school obtain better outcomes than would be obtained in a public school? (b) Do vouchers encourage student sorting and how does sorting affect student outcomes? (c) Does the offer of vouchers promote competition, improving outcomes of students who remain in public schools? Conclusions are that African American students who are offered vouchers experience small achievement gains. The results are highly sensitive to analytical assumptions and are not evident for other racial or ethnic groups. The evidence further indicates that large-scale voucher plans encourage sorting that could lower the achievement of public school students. There is no compelling evidence that such losses are outweighed by competitive gains in public schools. The conclusions on sorting and competition are most applicable to unrestricted choice plans in which flat-rate vouchers are offered to a large number of students with few eligibility restrictions. Some emerging evidence indicates that alternate approaches to policy design could yield more promising results. 相似文献
11.
Within the differentiated forms of education provision, this paper intends to inquire into the causality governing the relation between the use of vouchers in education and an increased enrolment segmentation or student sorting. It does so through a comparative analysis of the quasi-market reform in Chile and the quasi-monopoly system in place in Argentina. Although from a national perspective these two countries have faced very different decentralisation reforms, they have presently arrived at similar states of their education system in terms of their enrolments' socio-economic segregation. The paper shows that vouchers are not an independent variable but an intervening one within the determinants of socio-economic segmentation. The evidence from Chile and Argentina shows that enrolment segmentation is not a consequence of the introduction of vouchers, and the causal relationship between these two variables is not a clear one. That is, the family school choice decisions brought about by the introduction of systems such as vouchers appear endogenous to a series of factors that determine such choice; factors that that are evidently important in the determination of socio-economic enrolment segmentations in non-voucher systems. This article questions the validity of the highly predominant empirical analyses which take student socio-economic characteristics and school choice decisions as independent determinant variables of student results, and intends initiating further thinking of what really lies behind the inequities in education in developing countries. 相似文献
12.
作为保障义务教育之后的受教育权利的一种方法 ,教育券被提议用来资助终身学习。这类教育券会提供给所有完成义务教育的人 ,以资助他们选择更广泛的教育培训。保障后义务教育权利的资助形式有助学金和按收入的一定比例偿还的贷款。后者可以通过投资教育和培训获得的更高收入来偿还。文章阐述了教育权利资助机制的全面性和灵活性会提高教育和培训的公平与效率。文中讨论了资金、规章制度和支持服务等各个方面 ,同时 ,对将提高退伍军人教育福利的GI法案作为实施义务教育之后的受教育权利的有效历史经验进行了讨论 相似文献
13.
A widely accepted result in the literature is that the majority of voters are against the introduction of universal vouchers. Chen and West (2000) predict that voters’ attitudes towards selective vouchers (SV) may be different. They claim that voters are indifferent between the no-voucher and SV regimes, unless competition leads to a reduction in the education price. I show that, when public schools are congested, the majority of voters are in favour of SV. Furthermore, SV induces a Pareto improvement. In equilibrium, the introduction of SV induces a reduction in income stratification at school, with some relatively poor students attending private schools. 相似文献
14.
LI NAN 《Chinese Education & Society》2013,46(6):55-59
A system of evaluating the outcome of education that epitomizes the implementation of quality education, restrains exam-oriented education, encourages schools to face the entire student body, and firmly grasps all-round development was unveiled recently in Tianjin. This system, which is to begin in the current year, shall be implemented in the form of the evaluation and selection of "Three-A Schools" and "Three-A Principals" among the primary and secondary schools throughout the municipality,. 相似文献
15.
16.
Chris Gilbert 《The Educational forum》2019,83(1):60-74
Individualism and competition are central neoliberal concepts that have profoundly altered the U.S. public education system. This article draws on poststructuralist theory and advances the argument that these concepts have produced problematic policies and deeply flawed school choice mechanisms such as charter schools and school vouchers. I also explore how educational activists contested neoliberal ideology and reshaped reality as they defeated a neoliberal education policy in North Carolina. 相似文献
17.
Educational vouchers have been proposed as a way to give parents more choice in their child's education. The economic and social consequences that vouchers will have for education is discussed. From a historical perspective, vouchers have never been fully implemented. Educational vouchers have the potential to drain public education of valuable resources. Educators have suggested that vouchers will not increase choice among parents or improve the quality of education in general. It is likely that vouchers will lead to larger inequalities between children of the middle and poor classes. Alternative approaches are provided that will give parents more choices within the public school system. 相似文献
18.
德育是检验人才是否合格的首要标准。学校要为社会主义提供可靠的人才保证 ,就必须坚持把德育放在首位。将德育教育贯穿于学校的各项教学活动中 ,从而使学校逐步形成从不同角度以不同方式对学生实施思想教育 ,全方位育人的有机而有效的协调一致的大系统 相似文献
19.
This article examines the role of market-based policies in special education, focusing on the case of voucher programs. It examines the nature of contemporary social reforms, while discussing school choice as the theoretical linchpin of a market model for educational reforms. Moreover, it includes analysis of why the market-driven rationale of vouchers erodes the public functions of special education. Despite their current implementation on a small scale, vouchers have the potential to become a threat to free and appropriate public special education. 相似文献
20.
Lindsey M. Burke 《Journal of School Choice》2016,10(4):560-578
ABSTRACTThe assumption that rational choice dynamics will lead to diversity of school supply is at the heart of K–12 school choice arrangements. Yet as the field of school choice becomes more established, there will be the “inexorable push toward homogenization.” If vouchers, tuition tax credit scholarships, and education savings accounts become more significant players in the education market in the years to come, isomorphism, if it occurs, will limit the utility of school choice. Drawing on experiences from the charter sector and the Louisiana Scholarship Program, this article considers whether education savings accounts might encourage less isomorphism of practice among participating private schools than school choice options such as vouchers and tuition tax credit scholarships. 相似文献