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1.
在我国高校教师流动政策的执行过程中,基于不同的资源优势和利益需求,自然形成了多元化的利益主体,大致分为：强势利益主体、弱势利益主体和无相关利益主体,他们既有共同的利益追求,又表现出不同的利益期待。在高校教师流动政策的执行中,不同的策略选择使他们常常表现为不断地冲突与制衡,对高校教师流动政策执行产生了重要的影响。探寻多利益主体的存在及其运行表现,并引导使其达到一种相对的公平,是当前我国高校教师流动问题研究亟待解决的问题。 相似文献
2.
流动儿童义务教育阶段入学政策"两为主"实行近10年以来,该政策的落实情况和执行效果不容乐观。现行政策涉及多方利益主体,诸如政府、学校、城市儿童家长、流动儿童家长等,他们基于各自利益的得失,对现行政策抱有不同的态度,影响政策的执行和调整。政策的本质是利益的分配,政府在对教育利益进行权威性分配时,必须遵循:强调政府责任,平等保障学生接受义务教育的权利,实现教育公平等原则。 相似文献
3.
经过多年的实践和完善,"以流入地为主,以全日制公办中小学为主"的流动儿童义务教育政策的执行取得了一定成效,但目前该政策的推进出现了资源性短缺和执行主体积极性不高等问题,使不断增加的流动儿童对城市教育的需求与城市供给之间产生比较尖锐的矛盾,流动儿童义务教育政策的执行陷入困境。流动儿童义务教育政策涉及多个执行主体,涉及多层次、多个利益群体和目标群体,这些政策相关者构成政策网络,对政策执行和政策结果产生复杂影响。运用政策网络理论,通过政策网络视角和途径,分析政策执行网络主体间的及相互的依赖和冲突,客观展示流动儿童义务教育政策执行的复杂性。 相似文献
4.
在我国福利政策和福利行政体系不完善的情况下,通过分析我国中央和地方流动儿童政策的现状,分析影响流动儿童福利政策制定、执行等环节的因素,了解到流动儿童福利在我国尚未得到社会及政府足够重视,国家缺乏专门的流动儿童福利机制。因而,要从影响流动儿童福利的家庭、学校、社区和立法因素出发,从流动儿童中、长期发展的战略高度致力于对流动儿童福利政策的顶层设计,对人力资本的投资、就业支持和人文关怀的具体政策设计,努力构建有利于流动儿童发展的社会福利政策新模式。 相似文献
5.
教育政策执行过程中充斥着不同利益相关方的博弈,不同的利益主体由于自身特定的利益偏好而采取不同的行动策略。基于公共选择理论的视角来看,地方政府在教育政策执行中兼具"政治人"与"经济人"的双重特质。在农村中小学布局调整政策执行过程中,地方政府追求效率而牺牲公平、注重布局调整速度而忽视公共利益、关注任期内政绩而忽视长远利益、追逐部门利益而忽视整体利益等情况普遍存在。这使得我国农村中小学布局调整政策在执行过程中存在着较大的盲目性,在很大程度上加重了农村学校、普通教师、家庭以及学生的负担,一些农村地区的辍学率回升。以制度主义的分析视角审视教育政策执行,地方政府应从正式制度建设与非正式制度建设两个方面入手,促进教育政策合法性与合理性的内在耦合,确保教育政策执行效能与教育公平的有机统一。 相似文献
6.
吴回生 《华南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2013,(2)
学校在执行教育政策的过程中存在个体选择,主要是教育政策的公共利益与学校利益存在冲突,是学校的自利行为造成的.从教育政策执行的有效性和科学性要求来看,学校执行教育政策的个体选择导致教育政策权威性丧失、主体的道德失范、教育政策失真.减除学校执行教育政策的个体选择,关键在于教育政策制定关注弱势学校的利益诉求,强化学校执行教育政策的指导和管理,加强学校执行教育政策的监督. 相似文献
7.
“双减”政策的目的在于解决我国中小学生负担过重的沉疴,其发挥效力的重要前提是构建利益协调和平衡机制,妥善处理政策执行主体的利益。“双减”政策自落地以来取得了明显的成效,但在执行过程中遭遇众多利益冲突,导致政策执行力度弱化。案例分析发现,在多重利益困局下,“双减”政策各执行主体出现不同的应对策略：地方政府趋于搞“土政策”、学校选择技巧性的合理规避、家长选择“放风式”观望、教师采取倦怠性的消极参与、校外培训机构仍在寻求劫后重生。基于各利益主体的利益诉求与冲突,应更新利益观念,通过建立切实的利益补偿机制、严格的利益约束机制、完善的利益均衡机制和有力的利益保障机制来破解“双减”政策执行困局。 相似文献
8.
流动儿童城市教育政策的执行困境 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大批流动儿童涌入城市,已经引起了政府各相关部门的高度重视,并且又一次成为政府工作报告关注的焦点之一。伴随着改革三十年以来中国社会转型的深入推进,流动儿童的教育政策也在发生着深刻变化。由于现存利益格局的存在,文本的政策与实际执行的政策是存在差异的,这就不免牵涉到政策的执行层面。本文将同时关注文本的政策制定与实施两方面。 相似文献
9.
从政策伦理上讲,独立学院政策应以伦理上的正当性与合理性而存在。然而,从制定来看,独立学院政策是利益相关者"不在场"下的产物;从执行来看,独立学院政策处于多重利益博弈下的"公地困境";从评估来看,独立学院政策处于效益"隐退"状态。从这个意义上讲,独立学院办学模式是中国高等教育转型过程"政策失范"的产物。 相似文献
10.
公共政策制定是公共政策执行的前提。政策执行作为政策运行过程的中间环节,是将政策从理念转化为现实的过程,是政策成败的关键。现阶段我国地方政府还存在不同程度的政策执行偏差问题。究其根源,主要在于地方政府部门、政府官员本身也是具有特殊利益取向的自利性主体。因此,从政府自利的角度出发,深入探讨地方政府政策执行偏差的原因,对于规范地方政府的行为、保障公共政策的有效执行乃至提高政府的公信力和执行力,都具有理论意义和现实意义。 相似文献
11.
Xiang Qi 《Frontiers of Education in China》2017,12(4):445-467
This paper is aimed at exploring distinctive features of the decentralization of basic education in Shanghai by drawing on data from Shanghai Program for International Students Assessment (PISA) 2012. While doing the research for this paper, the author found that from a policy perspective, Shanghai had launched a reform policy aimed at transforming the highly centralized education system. This included a devolution of the decision-making authority to local departments of education and a reduction of control over schools. Private school policies were also initiated with the understanding that private schools ought to enjoy autonomy in almost every aspect of decision-making. From the perspective of practice, decentralization of basic education could be categorized as county-based school decentralization. In such a situation, the county bureaus of education wielded decision-making authority over a number of areas in the public school sector, while gradually devolving some decision-making authority to the public schools themselves; and the private schools enjoyed autonomy within their major decision-making areas. Given both the policy and practice of the decentralization of basic education in Shanghai, some suggestions are provided regarding: (1) how to promote school decentralization, and (2) how to balance it with accountability. 相似文献
12.
This paper considers how the issue of child labour is located in Cambodian education policy debates and how it is affected by the major constraints surrounding the Cambodian education sector. In particular, it asks why Cambodian policy makers have not sought to address the issue explicitly despite its considerable, and adverse, impact on children's school education. In doing so it first identifies the Cambodian education sector's passive approach to child labour, leaving it as a problem to be resolved by wider economic development. Secondly, it finds that the major constraints surrounding the education sector, including the issue of its governance, contribute to sustain a wide gap between stated education policies and actual practice, thus further diminishing working children's chances to benefit from a school education. 相似文献
13.
Although freedom of parental school choice has expanded to the Finnish education system, the government has maintained the principle of neighbourhood school allocation. Moreover, the Finnish education system has recently undergone a reform of its special needs education; all pupils are entitled to receive support in three categories of general, intensified or special. The focus of this article is to examine parental positions on school choices in relation to the parents’ social class and their children’s support needs in basic education. The results of the study are based on a quantitative questionnaire, which collected responses from 208 participants drawn primarily from four different municipalities in Finland. The study found that the category of a child’s support, rather than the socio-economic class of the parents, determined the child’s school allocations. Furthermore, the more support the parents felt their children needed, the more importance they placed on special education practices and less on the neighbourhood school allocation. In addition, the parents’ opinions were found to differ based on social class, rather than category of support. In conclusion, we argue that the social segregation of students with special educational needs can be avoided, if the principle of neighbourhood school allocation is preserved. 相似文献
14.
开放是现代远程教育的固有属性，现代远程教育要取得应有的投资效益和规模效益。其重要前提就是开放办学，以保持适度的规模。远程教育作为整个教育的重要组织部分。虽有其自身的规律和特点，但也必须遵循一切教育形式共同的教学理念和质量规律，需要严格的质量监控来保证人才培养的规格，才能为社会培养合格的人才． 相似文献
15.
王倩 《黑龙江教育学院学报》2010,29(5):24-26
教育市场中高校学费的本质是高等教育的服务价格,但教育市场不同于完全竞争下的商品市场,教育市场中的高校教育有其自身的功能和政策目标,高校教育更关注的是社会收益和教育公平问题。高校学费是高等教育经费收入的主要来源之一,高校学费的标准应遵照市场机制中的价格机制,并兼顾受教育者的个人收益和社会收益,高校学费政策的主要目标是促进高等教育的有效供给,保证高等教育的机会公正。 相似文献
16.
家庭教育的基本功能就是让人形成初步的人生观、世界观、价值观.道德教育的功能和道德的教育功能在家庭教育中是和谐一致的,二者互相促进、互相补益,共同催发和强化家庭教育的道德功能.由于地理距离原因、经济原因、独生子女原因、认识原因等主客观因素的制约,很多当代大学生的家庭教育基本处于无效或缺失状态.随着科技发展、社会进步特别是和谐社会建设的深入开展,需要重估家庭教育在当代大学生道德教育中的意义.因此,充分发挥家庭教育的作用,让家庭教育和学校教育形成合力,对大学生道德教育实效的提高极为必要,学校和家庭加强互动势在必行. 相似文献
17.
20世纪美国基础教育改革政策的演进与启示 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
20世纪美国基础教育改革政策在演变过程中，始终以公平和效益作为基本的价值或目标取向。但不同时期，由于国内与国际形势变化及基础教育改革的任务不同，基础教育改革政策的价值取向表现出了从追求教育公平或教育效益到兼顾教育公平与教育效益的发展；教育改革政策的制定与实施经历了从非官方组织到联邦政府，从联邦政府到非官方组织，再到联邦与地方组织相结合的变化；教育改革措施也经历了从对公立教育制度进行部分改革、整体改革到最终建立新型学校的不断调整。探讨美国基础教育改革政策的演进过程，不仅有助于我们把握美国基础教育改革政策的基本特点与走向，而且对制定和完善我国目前的基础教育改革政策也有所裨益。 相似文献
18.
基础教育公平与均衡发展不仅关系着国民素质的基本保证、整体提升和社会的进步,同时也关系到个体学习与发展权利的实现。为了使教育事业得以良性循环和不断发展,就要求实现受教育者的人格完善及个人兴趣爱好受到充分的尊重,这不仅是全民素质得以整体发展和提升的基本需要,同时也是新的历史时期赋予的新的社会使命。面对这一新的教育课题,如何消融当前社会中出现的教育不公平现象和基础教育发展的不均衡弊端,就必须从政策学的宏观视角去进行深入的探索与研究。本文梳理了20世纪80年代以来各界学者对促进基础教育均衡发展、实现教育新的公平所作的政策探索,并从法学、伦理学、经济学、社会学和教育学等学科视角进行了综合分析和研究,以期为新时期基础教育公平和均衡发展政策和策略的提升提供可资参考的理论与实践基础。 相似文献
19.
Kristy Drake 《Journal of Educational Change》2017,18(3):337-363
Recent global events have led to a striking rise of displaced people and refugees worldwide. Every year, the United States resettles nearly 70,000 refugees, with a large minority resettling in one California school district. Approximately 3000 students from refugee families are enrolled in local schools, many of whom lack prior formal education in their home countries. Further compounding the challenge is the recent onset of rigorous local and state policies. While several studies exist on teachers’ sensemaking of educational policies more generally, no studies deal with the role of teachers in mediating the intersection of policy and underschooled immigrant students. Using a sensemaking perspective, this qualitative study explores how teachers conceptualize their role as mediators between policy and student needs. Analysis of district policy-related documents, classroom observations, and interviews with school and district staff revealed that teachers balanced multiple layers of factors in their sensemaking of broad-based district policy in the case of underschooled immigrant students. Though the district presented a unified policy message related to graduation requirements, participants articulated different purposes of school for underschooled immigrant students. These differing perceptions affected how teachers conceptualized their role. This study’s contributions to research and theory, as well as implications for policy, practice, and future research are also discussed. 相似文献
20.
Tim Luckcock 《British Journal of Religious Education》2006,28(3):261-274
This paper is written from the perspective of an Anglican head teacher in the context of UK public educational policy in which managerialism is construed as the prevalent orthodoxy of reform. It seeks to bring the discipline of theology and the field of school leadership studies into closer dialogue around the theme of managerialism in a way that will benefit academic scholarship and practitioner researchers. Firstly, it explores The Way Ahead report as an impetus to critical theological reflection about Christian vocation and the distinctive role of church school head teachers. Secondly, it indicates how the site of managed reality is important for theology and how the theology of education might be pursued in defence of education. Against claims that doing theology tends to domesticate education, it is argued that theology can help provide an important countercultural perspective intended for the good of education. Thirdly, it outlines the background of public educational policy which makes countercultural theology an appropriate response in the service of a faith‐inspired professionalism. Fourthly, it suggests how a countercultural model of contextual theology can collaborate with important forms of research in the field of educational leadership, management and administration. 相似文献