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文章综述了多种脱氧氟代不饱和核苷的合成方法及其抗病毒活性的研究进展,通过建立分子模型来研究脱氧氟代不饱和核苷抗HIV活性的作用机理,揭示了糖环结构和核苷构型对脱氧氟代不饱和核苷的抗HIV活性的影响,阐明了脱氧氟代不饱和核苷产生交联抗性的重要原因。 相似文献
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选取实验测定的29种齐墩果酸和熊果酸衍生物抗HIV的IC50作为活性参数,与量化计算得到的电子结构指数进行相关和逐步回归分析,得到了定量构效关系方程。结果表明,EHOMO、SA、EHy是影响抗HIV活性的主要因素,尤其是EHOMO的变化对活性影响更大。 相似文献
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《赣南师范学院学报》2013,(3):22-25
根据生物活性分子叠加原理,设计、合成了5个新的5-硝基呋喃亚胺化合物,并采用IR、NMR和GS-MS等手段对化合物结构进行了表征;抗血吸虫活性实验表明:标号为3a的化合物具有一定的抗血吸虫活性,编号为3e的化合物具有良好的抗血吸虫活性,其效果接近于吡喹酮,为研究新型抗血吸虫药物提供参考. 相似文献
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对南五味子属植物中的三萜类成分及其活性进行了综述。从南五味子属植物的不同植物中分离得到60余个三萜类化合物,其中许多为该属植物特有成分,这些化学成分有抗HIV活性、抗HBV活性、对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用。 相似文献
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以丹皮酚和不同的有机胺为原料,利用曼尼希反应合成系列丹皮酚曼尼希碱衍生物,合成得到5个丹皮酚曼希尼碱衍生物.目标化合物的结构经过核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)和质谱(HR-MS)确证.采用Born比浊法,对5个目标化合物进行了以ADP为诱导剂的体外抗血小板聚集的活性试验;结果表明,目标化合物2a～2e(AIR:46.35%～85.39%)的活性均强于阳性对照药阿司匹林(AIR:35.08%),其中化合物2d(AIR:35.08%)的抗血小板聚集活性最强,具有进一步的研究价值. 相似文献
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应用MM’分子力学法、量子化学AM1法计算了31个2,3-二芳基-1,3-噻唑类似物的优势构象和电子结构,并用逐步回归分析方法寻找其量化指数与抗HIV（艾滋病）活性的关系．结果表明：1）2,3-二芳基-1,3-噻唑类似物的抗HIV（艾滋病）活性主要与LUMO轨道能Elumo、HOMO与LUMO的能量差DELH、分子的可极化率polar、分子中表面积surf、偶极矩dopi及噻唑环上电荷等有关,噻唑环上电荷增加,化合物的活性增强．2）建立了量化指数与活性之间的定量相关模型,取得了良好的结果,其模型相关系数为R=0．954;继以留一法（Leaveone—out,LOO）进行交互检验,复相关系数为Rcv^2=0．757,说明定量相关模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力． 相似文献
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了解高校HIV／AIDS健康教育的意义，掌握具体的教学方法，加强在大学生人群中开展HIV／AIDS知识的宣传，发挥大学生在HIV／AIDS防治工作中的作用，对控制AIDS的流行具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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艾滋病是人体感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)引起的获得性免疫缺陷综合征。人体感染HIV后的临床表现分为急性期、无症状期和艾滋病期。高效抗逆转录病毒疗法(HAART)是目前临床上治疗艾滋病的主要方法,该方法能够有效控制病毒载量,重建患者的免疫功能,但无法彻底清除体内的病毒。一旦停止给药,患者体内HIV病毒会在两周内出现反弹,患者须通过终身服药来控制病情的发展。CCR5是HIV侵染细胞的辅助受体,针对CCR5的基因疗法可能会达到完全清除感染者体内HIV的效果,但其将来是否能真正作为一种艾滋病的临床治疗手段目前还难以定论。 相似文献
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研究桂花黄酮抗自由基作用及体内抗氧化功能。通过测定桂花黄酮对羟自由基清除率和超氧阴离子自由基的抑制率实验,研究桂花黄酮的体外抗氧化作用;通过测定小鼠血清GSH-Px、SOD活性和MDA含量的变化,研究桂花黄酮体内抗氧化作用。结果表明,桂花黄酮可有效地清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基,桂花黄酮可显著增强小鼠血清GSH-Px、SOD活性,降低MDA含量。结论:桂花黄酮具有一定的体内外抗氧化作用。 相似文献
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For decades, the HIV epidemic has exacted an enormous toll worldwide. However, trend analyses have discerned significant declines in the overall prevalence of HIV over the last two decades. More recently, advances in biomedical, behavioural, and structural interventions offer considerable promise in the battle against generalised epidemics. Despite advances in the prevention of transmission and new infections, morbidity and mortality of HIV among young people remains a considerable concern for individuals, couples, families, communities, practitioners, and policy-makers around the globe. To accelerate the end of the global HIV epidemic among young people, we must merge existing efficacious interventions with more novel, cost-effective implementation strategies to develop integrated, multi-level combination interventions. The benefits of conceptualising the HIV epidemic more broadly and adopting ecological frameworks for the development of HIV prevention programmes are critical. 相似文献
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This paper examines young South African school children’s understanding of HIV/AIDS. Based on ethnographic work in two schools in Greater Durban, it explores the impact of HIV/AIDS on the ways in which gender and sexuality are articulated against the backdrop of race and class specific contexts. The first part of the paper examines the children’s discourses of sex, sexuality and HIV/AIDS. We show that young children’s meanings of sex, sexuality and are not straightforward and are actively produced and defined through a range of social processes. These processes shape the extent to which young children experience sexuality within discourses of fear and pleasure. Young children’s meanings of HIV/AIDS are explored in the second part of the paper. Here we show how their knowledge of HIV/AIDS is socially structured through class/race and gender and these forms of social relations provide the framing and reference points for children’s constructions of meanings around HIV/AIDS. We finish the paper by raising some theoretical and practical/political questions about the implications of what we have found for HIV/AIDS education in South Africa. 相似文献
13.
Adam Odsess-Rubin 《Teaching Artist Journal》2018,16(1-2):65-77
This article demonstrates the therapeutic benefits of storytelling and testimony through qualitative interviews with HIV+ Black gay men in Jackson, Mississippi, in 2017. Sponsored by Project + Connect, a story preservation nonprofit based in New York, the research trip was inspired by a New York Times article claiming that 50% of all gay Black men in the South will contract HIV in their lifetimes. Analyzing the personal narratives of the study's participants against the political and historical contexts of racism and homophobia in the deep South, the researcher argues for the strengthening of the HIV/AIDS movement through storytelling, providing a pathway for theater teaching artists to use their skills to facilitate social change. 相似文献
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In recent years, HIV-positive athletes hove increasingly made the headlines. leading to questions and concerns regarding HIV transmission through sport. Based on limited understanding and irrational fear. athletes have been excluded from sport competitions or encouraged to retire prematurely. In other cases. they have been subjected to random, mandatory HIV testing prior to sport competition. Because HIV/AIDS is a medical and social problem, information from health-related sources is included in this analysis, including the modes of HIV transmission. This analysis focuses on further issues related to rights, obligations, risks, privacy, and policy. The growing dilemma for the sport professionals to weigh an athlete's right to privacy against their own duty to warn in the decision-making process is examined, with a discussion on mandatory HIV testing for athletes. Guidelines based on principles of medical ethics are offered to aid sport practitioners in providing all athletes with the best possible service. 相似文献
16.
Rebecca G. Girardet Scott Lemme Tiffany A. Biason Kelly Bolton Sheela Lahoti 《Child abuse & neglect》2009,33(3):173-178
BackgroundThe appropriate use of antiretroviral medications to protect against infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is unclear in cases of sexual assault of children, for whom the perpetrator's risk of HIV is often unknown, and physical proof of sexual contact is usually absent.ObjectiveIn an effort to clarify prescribing practices for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) at our institution, we examined records of all children tested for HIV for prevalence of infection, our experience with prescribing PEP, and follow-up rates.Design/methodsMedical records at a sexual abuse clinic of all children tested for HIV during a 38-month period were reviewed for information concerning risk factors for HIV acquisition, STI test results, and PEP experience. Children were defined as PEP-eligible if they were within 96 hours of assault, and there was a report of sexual contact with the potential to transmit HIV.ResultsOne thousand seven hundred and fifty children were tested for HIV during the study period. Five children had a positive HIV ELISA, but only one child was confirmed HIV-positive. Three hundred and three children were eligible to receive HIV-PEP, but it was only offered to 16 (5.3%), of whom 15 accepted the medications. None of the children prescribed PEP completed follow-up, but 11 children had limited follow-up.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the prevalence of HIV infection among sexually abused children in our population is low, and follow-up rates are poor. Intensive efforts to try to ensure follow-up are warranted whenever PEP is prescribed. Further research may help better define the efficacy of PEP in sexually abused children and adolescents. 相似文献
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Numerous epidemiological studies from the early years of the tragic HIV and AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa identified formal education as a risk factor increasing the chance of infection. Instead of playing its usual role as a preventative factor, as has been noted in many other public health cases, until the mid-1990s educated African men and women had a higher risk of contracting HIV than their less educated peers. This led to ambivalent policy about the efficacy of education as a possible social vaccine against new infections in this region. Reported here is a cohort analysis of formal education and HIV infection in 11 African countries showing that among younger adults, who came to sexual maturity after widespread misconceptions and misinformation about the causes of the disease were reduced, more schooling is associated with a lower risk of HIV infection. The results are discussed in light of a critique of past weak hypotheses about how education works as a social vaccine, and a new hypothesis is developed. Policy implications are described for renewed efforts towards the supply of quality education as an important strategy to promote public health in sub-Saharan Africa. 相似文献
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The expectations, attributions, and reactions toward children and youth who have contracted HIV/AIDS warrant close attention from parents, teachers, related service personnel, and others who will interact with these students in the schools. Those who are misinformed or unaware of their beliefs may inadvertently discriminate against children and youth with the disease. This study examined factors that influence judgments about children and youth with HIV/AIDS in a sample of teacher education students. Course of infection of HIV accounted for significant differences in the participants' judgments about responsibility and blame for contracting the disease and also fearfulness and attitudes reflecting isolation for these youth. Educational professionals should be aware of the many negative attributions placed on adolescents who are diagnosed as HIV+ and be prepared to act as facilitators when designing appropriate interventions to assist these students. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 211–219, 2004. 相似文献
19.
Objective
A commonly cited, but unproven reason given for the rise in reported cases of child sexual abuse in Sub-Saharan Africa is the “HIV cleansing myth”—the belief that an HIV infected individual can be cured by having sex with a child virgin. The purpose of this study was to explore in Malawi the reasons given by convicted sex offenders for child sexual abuse and to determine if a desire to cure HIV infection motivated their offence.Methods
Offenders convicted of sexual crimes against victims under the age of 18 were interviewed in confidence in Malawi's two largest prisons. During the interview the circumstances of the crime were explored and the offenders were asked what had influenced them to commit it. Each participant was asked the closed question “Did you think that having sex with your victim would cure or cleanse you from HIV?”Results
58 offenders agreed to participate. The median (range) age of offenders and victims was 30 (16-66) years and 14 (2-17) years, respectively. Twenty one respondents (36.2%) denied that an offence had occurred. Twenty seven (46.6%) admitted that they were motivated by a desire to satisfy their sexual desires. Six (10.3%) stated they committed the crime only because they were under the influence of drugs or alcohol. None of the participants said that a desire to cure or avoid HIV infection motivated the abuse.Conclusion
This study suggests that offenders convicted of a sexual crime against children in Malawi were not motivated by a desire to be cured or “cleansed” from HIV infection. A need to fulfil their sexual urges or the disinhibiting effect of drugs or alcohol was offered by the majority of participants as excuses for their behaviour. 相似文献20.
Bagele Chilisa 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2013,26(6):659-684
This paper uses the postcolonial lens to highlight that mainstream research in postcolonial societies still ignores, marginalizes and suppresses other knowledge systems and ways of knowing. The marginalization of local knowledge systems, it is argued, was established in the colonial times that relegated all things indigenous or from the colonized communities as unworthy, uncivilized, barbaric and superstitious. Systematic efforts to inscribe Western ways of cultural, economic, political and social systems were applied during the colonial times and maintained in the post‐independence era. The educational system did not escape the colonial construction of the colonized subjects and their relegation to otherness. Years after the struggle for independence the content of what is taught, methods of teaching and research remain Western in non‐Western contexts. This does not only alienate the ‘othered’ from their own knowledge systems, it can be a matter of life and death as demonstrated by the HIV/AIDS information and education campaign. Using excerpts from studies on HIV/AIDS, the paper highlights that interventions to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS, legitimized by conventional/Western research knowledge and frameworks, have alienated the people from the struggle to prevent the spread of the virus. Findings from a number of research studies on HIV/AIDS in Botswana are analyzed within the framework of current prevention strategies, more specifically posters and cartoons used in the campaign against HIV/AIDS, to illustrate the marginalization of other knowledge systems and the intersection of the ‘otherness’ ideology with mainstream First World research methodologies. 相似文献