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OECD国家终身学习政策与实践分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
本文阐述了OECD及OECD国家的终身学习理念，介绍了20世纪90年代以来OECD国家终身学习发展现状和相应的终身学习政策，并对各自的终身学习政策与实践进行了评价。 相似文献
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近年来儿童早期学习品质受到国内外学术界的广泛关注。对61个国内外实证研究及25份新修订政策文本的分析表明,学界对儿童学习品质最基本的理解是学习品质关注的是儿童如何学习,而不是儿童学到了什么,描述的是儿童在趋近学习的过程中和投入学习时表现出来的一系列行为、认知与态度倾向;就其构成因素来说,主动性、坚持性、专注力、好奇心、创新创造、灵活性是实证研究与政策文件共同反映的高频因素;学习品质与儿童的在园学习与入学准备显著相关,且能直接预测儿童未来不同阶段的学业成就;学习品质对儿童的同伴关系、社会能力的发展也有显著影响,并能显著降低行为问题与学业困难方面的风险;学习品质在儿童的学习与发展中起着重要的调节作用,如可以调节低质量学校教育或家庭贫困对儿童学习与发展的负面影响,可以降低个体行为问题对其学业成就的不利影响等。学习品质在儿童早期学习与毕生发展中都具有重要的奠基性作用,未来应进一步探索更为低龄儿童学习品质的因素结构及其发展规律,加强我国教育背景下学习品质对儿童学习效应的实证检验与纵向追踪,探索学习品质发展的个体差异及其增长轨迹,开展相关准实验研究以进一步明确学习品质与学习效应之间的关系。不仅要促进我国儿童早期教育实践领域高度重视和践行儿童学习品质的培养,而且应在宏观政策层面把儿童学习品质的发展纳入学前教育质量评价体系,建立儿童学习品质发展数据库,实施儿童学习品质发展监测。 相似文献
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早期学习与幸福感研究是21世纪以来教育领域的热点话题。介绍OECD早期学习与儿童幸福感国际研究项目(International Early Learning and Child Well-being Study,IELS)的基本情况,着重阐述IELS项目的测评框架、评估方法及在美国的应用效果,以此探寻促进我国本土化早期教育发展的可行性路径。IELS对我国学前教育评价的启示有:1)强调整体性的早期儿童发展观;2)开发全国统一的学前儿童发展监测框架;3)重视以真实生活情境为基础的评价工具的研发;4)关注家庭和家校沟通在儿童早期经历中的重要作用。 相似文献
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刘海燕 《现代远程教育研究》2023,(3):84-92
在经济全球化和科学技术快速发展的交叠影响下，终身学习成为一种迎接挑战的全球共识和有力举措。OECD作为全球治理的重要参与者在终身学习领域的地位日益凸显。特别是在20世纪90年代，OECD提出“全民终身学习”的概念，使其终身学习治理身份从“边缘”迈向“中心”。纵观OECD参与全球终身学习治理的时代轨迹，其经历了萌芽期、建立期、发展期和完善期，且在不同的历史时期呈现出不同的制度取向以及独特的行动路径。具体而言，其通过认知式治理、数字式治理、规范式治理等路径参与全球终身学习治理，并在理论、实践与模式层面对世界终身学习的发展发挥了重要作用。OECD参与全球终身学习治理不仅推动了国际终身学习理论的发展，而且为国际终身学习实践提供了可资借鉴的框架，还对成员国和其他国家终身学习的政策制定和发展方向产生了深远影响。然而，OECD参与全球终身学习治理仍然面临政策制定注重短期利益、过于推崇专业技术与数据结果、缺乏系统连续的评估分析等弊端，因此，应理性考量OECD教育指标的适宜性，依据自身实际制定“在地化”的终身学习政策，探索适合本国国情的终身学习推进路径。 相似文献
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终身学习在个人应对经济全球化及技术和人口变化中的重要性日益凸显。尤其在COVID-19疫情之后,危机带来的冲击更是加速了技能需求的转变,终身学习或将成为个人在劳动力市场和社会中取得成功的关键。在此背景下,经济合作与发展组织(简称OECD)于2021年6月15日发布了《2021年OECD技能展望》(OECD Skills Outlook2021),主题是《终身学习》(Learning for Life)。研究以OECD发布的报告和相关数据为基础,对终身学习与技能发展、终身技能的分类及《2021年OECD技能展望》中的相关政策与建议进行了解析,并指出其对我国成人教育发展具有如下启示：完善推进机制,构建学习体系;强化主体地位,促进学习包容;加强多方合作,形成协同效应;借助技术赋能,实现融通发展。 相似文献
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《信阳师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2019,(5):28-33
家庭早期学习环境不仅对个体早期的认知和社会性发展具有重要作用,而且还能调节处境不利家庭对幼儿造成的消极影响。自20世纪90年代以来,OECD成员国为改善家庭早期学习环境,采取了一系列积极措施,主要包括面向有需要的家庭提供指导资料和学习资源;举办各种早期教育项目以提高父母参与能力;帮助父母开发家庭课程;等等。这些做法启示我们要充分利用多种大众传播媒介,为家长搭建专业育儿咨询平台;开发0—6岁儿童家庭学习指南及资源包,为家长提供科学指导;举办专业且深入的家庭服务项目,有效提高家长参与幼教学习的能力;以社区和幼儿园为支点,为家长提供常态化的指导服务。 相似文献
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"零起点"政策旨在应对当前社会上让儿童过早追求系统的学科知识的倾向,减轻儿童的负担和压力;同时,"零起点"政策更重要的使命是要让教育者回归教育的本原,探寻儿童的发展规律、学习规律。为此,在"零起点"政策视野下,政府更应该引导社会、教育关注儿童的身心健康、语言表达、社会性发展、坚持性、独立性等指向儿童未来成长与终身可持续发展的学习基础素养。关注学习基础素养的政策意义在于:引导制订更科学的入学准备和幼小衔接政策;为学生核心素养的形成奠基;培育家长和学校有良好共识的社会环境。 相似文献
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《提供高质量学前教育与保育:来自TALIS 2018"强势开端"调查》报告于2019年12月发布。经济合作与发展组织对影响儿童学习、发展和福祉的各项因素进行量化,发现各国学前教育发展领域面临的共同挑战:教师学历偏低,相关培训待普及;对儿童基础认知技能的培养重视不够;最迫切的教师专业发展需求领域是"支持特殊需求儿童";教师工作满意度普遍较高,但受社会尊重的程度不够,希望提高工作待遇。通过国际间的比较和借鉴,为加强我国学前教育的师资队伍建设,教育行政部门可适当加大政策调控力度和财政投入,提升学前教育师资队伍的专业性,研制健全的学前教育质量标准,同时构建家庭—幼儿园—社区的学前教育共同体,营造积极的育人环境。 相似文献
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基于多年实践探索与多国调研,OECD提出了有效提升学前教育质量的五大国家政策杠杆,该政策杠杆体系的构建基于OECD学前教育发展战略与学前教育质量评价观两个重要方面。长期调研与多国实践的有效性、强化学前教育质量保障的政府职能、终身学习理念的贯彻是OECD学前教育质量政策杠杆的突出特点。英国、挪威、瑞典、葡萄牙、芬兰、斯洛伐克、韩国、日本近年来根据各自国情与学前教育发展状况,聚焦某一政策杠杆,采取具体措施和行动来推动本国学前教育质量提升,取得了宝贵实践经验。 相似文献
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Doris Pui-Wah CHENG 《Frontiers of Education in China》2012,7(1):65-84
For centuries, educators and psychologists have advocated “play” as the ideal activity for the development of young children. Actually, play has been found currently to be the central pedagogy in the learning of young children in 21 countries in the world. However, the quality of play-based pedagogy is becoming a key concern across countries. Scholars found that play is either too loosely framed to result in children’s optimal development; or it is too “teacherly” and looses the essence of play. The recent report released by OECD highlighted its concern about play in early childhood education and, urged international researchers and educators to make efforts to bridge the gap. Hong Kong is not an exception on the issue of play enactment. Though resources have been put in for the professional upgrading of early education teachers in the last two decades, the learning and teaching style is still didactic and there appears to be a misinterpretation of play-based pedagogy. The present paper attempts to explore the issue through early childhood teachers’ conceptualization of “learning and teaching through play” with the aim of understanding the problem and shedding light for better ways to prepare teachers in this sector. 相似文献
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Kirsti Karila 《European Journal of Education》2012,47(4):584-595
The national policies and historical roots of early childhood education (ECE) vary from society to society. In the Nordic countries, early childhood education and care (ECEC) policies have been built in the context of the welfare state. As such, they are closely connected to other welfare policy areas such as social policy, family policy and education policy, in addition to which a close relationship with labour policy is also evident. This article sheds light on the historical roots of Nordic ECEC policies by describing the commonalities and differences between the Nordic countries. The ‘Nordic model’ is commonly described as integrated. Education, teaching and caring form an integrated unit and the term early childhood education and care is therefore typically used when describing the ‘Nordic model’. It is also said to be based on a child-centred, holistic approach with an emphasis on participation, democracy, autonomy and freedom, while its track record of high quality ECE services is considered to be due in part to the use of a well-trained workforce. The Nordic countries are, however, developing and redefining their ECEC policies in the global economic and cultural context, in which governments have to choose their priorities. Pressure to standardize ECE services is also apparent, and signs of erosion of the key elements of the Nordic model have been seen in recent policy debates. This paper discusses the current direction of Nordic ECE policy making and the future of the Nordic model. 相似文献
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幼儿教师工资待遇不仅关系到幼儿教师个体的生活质量,更关系到学前教育系统的供给质量,OECD(经济合作发展组织)始终把幼儿教师工资作为提高学前教育质量的一项重要杠杆。我国幼儿教师工资待遇政策经历了四个阶段:“教师身份与工资待遇的初步确定”“教师工资制度开始正式确立”“教师工资待遇政策的规范发展”“教师工资待遇的细化完善”。其政策呈现出“以公办园在编教师为主要保障对象的政策目标体系”“以多部门多层级形成联合保障主体的政策协同体系”“以公办园教师对标公务员、民办园教师对标公办园教师的政策参照体系”三大基本特点。放眼未来,幼儿教师工资待遇政策的变迁趋势将朝着“多样化财政拨款方式,完善对各类幼儿教师工资待遇的保障”“优化教师准入的政策设计,捋顺不同身份教师职称评定制度”“建立多元主体协同的经费保障机制,实现对幼儿教师工资待遇的综合治理”的发展路径推进. 相似文献
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Elizabeth Dunphy 《International Journal of Early Years Education》2009,17(1):3-16
Issues of pedagogy are critical in all aspects of early childhood education. Early childhood mathematics is no exception. There is now a great deal of guidance available to teachers in terms of high‐quality early childhood mathematics teaching. Consequently, the characteristics of high‐quality early childhood mathematics education are clearly identifiable. Issues such as building on young children’s prior‐to‐school knowledge; engaging children in general mathematical processes; and assessing and documenting children’s learning are some of the key aspects of high‐quality early childhood mathematics education. The extent to which teachers of four‐ and five‐year‐old children in primary schools in Ireland incorporate current pedagogical guidance in early childhood mathematics education was explored in 2007 in a nationally representative questionnaire survey of teachers of four‐ and five‐year‐old children attending primary schools. This paper presents some of the findings of the study in relation to teachers’ self‐reported challenges, difficulties and priorities in teaching early childhood mathematics. Implications are drawn for professional development, curriculum guidance and educational policy. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the characteristics of early literacy beliefs held by early childhood education and care (ECEC) teachers in Japan by developing a novel scale. We believed that overviewing ECEC teachers’ beliefs about early literacy from ecological perspectives would contribute to understanding the underlying factors influencing the quality of early literacy instruction and involvement in ECEC. To this end, 349 ECEC and 45 primary school teachers were asked to complete a two-part questionnaire dealing with (1) ECEC teachers’ literacy beliefs and (2) teachers’ general pedagogical beliefs. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three sub-categories of literacy belief – Direct instruction, Natural development, and Social interaction – and two sub-categories of general pedagogical belief – Adult-centred and Child-centred – and the relations between these sub-categories and background factors were then discussed. The results implied that considering the ecological perspectives of ECEC teachers affords a better understanding of effective practices to facilitate the early literacy experiences of young children in ECEC settings beyond differences in their educational tradition concerning early literacy. These perspectives include the influence of the educational tradition in each region, how ECEC teachers differ from primary school teachers, and the values shared by a particular ECEC facility. 相似文献
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Differential effects of home and preschool learning environments on early language development 
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下载免费PDF全文 Daniel Schmerse Yvonne Anders Manja Flöter Nadine Wieduwilt Hans‐Günther Roßbach Wolfgang Tietze 《British Educational Research Journal》2018,44(2):338-357
The present study is based on longitudinal data from a German early childhood education and care (ECEC) governmental initiative assessing children's grammatical and vocabulary development between 2;6 and 4;0 years (N = 1,331), quality of the home learning environment and quality of the preschool setting. Results showed that the quality of the home learning environment predicted development in grammatical skills, but not in receptive vocabulary at age 4, while the effects of preschool process quality showed similar relative impacts on both language outcomes. Further analyses revealed effects of accumulated advantages of preschool quality for children from medium‐ and high‐quality home learning environments in their vocabulary development. The results are compared with previous findings from the German ECEC context and discussed with respect to implications for policy efforts to improve ECEC quality and ways in which both learning environments act together on children's development. 相似文献
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Elise Hunkin 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2019,40(6):917-929
ABSTRACTThis paper reports on the findings of a genealogical study and argues that the global discourse of quality in early childhood education and care (ECEC) is based on a number of problematic assumptions that converge to identify ‘quality’ as the site of government investment. Using the Australian policy context as an example, the assumption that only quality ECEC is beneficial for children is linked to the historical privileging of mother-care and the male breadwinner through family policy. Using Foucault’s notion of the ‘art of government’, the implications of the discursive logics of quality are outlined, including how ‘not quality’ childcare is positioned as potentially harmful, yet, the workforce can never be ‘quality enough’. It is recommended that early childhood sector academics, advocates and professionals work to introduce new discursive statements to the global policyscape, in order to create and foster diverse representations and understandings of the benefits and value of ECEC. 相似文献