共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Forward citations of patents have been used extensively to capture the impact of technological knowledge. However, our understanding of the factors shaping patent citation patterns remains limited. One of the main limitations is the lack of scholarly attention paid to the dynamic influences arising from the evolution of technology fields. From an evolutionary perspective, technological impact is not simply determined by the static attributes of a technology itself; it is also dynamically affected by changes in the external conditions. Drawing on this viewpoint, this study suggests a model for understanding patent citation patterns by reflecting the evolution of the technology fields to which each patent belongs. Four such factors are explored: technology cycle time, potential of technological convergence, popularity of the technology field, and technological novelty. Based on the proposed model, we show how expected citation patterns can change as a result of different scenarios for technology field evolution. We conduct a case study of patents in the information technology and healthcare industries to show citation patterns of patents across heterogeneous industries as well as those within an industry. Contributions to the innovation literature and research investment decisions are discussed. 相似文献
2.
We propose a backward tracking model for measuring knowledge transfer in the whole translational research spectrum. Using the drugs-patents-papers-grants backward linkages, we try to figure out the funding-science-technology-innovation translational pattern and ponder some policy implications on e.g., which priority areas and knowledge convergence level are more likely to generate new drugs. The drug-patent linkage data was accessed through the USFDA Orange Book, covering a drug's active ingredient, formulation, or methods of use for approved indications. It will take about 10 years from the application of earliest patent to the approval of the new drug. Also such high-value patents in FDA Orange Book tend to cite scientific knowledge published on average 10–15 years ago. The technology linkage of new drugs was relatively stable while the science linkage of technology inventions increased rapidly. Among the scientific papers cited by drug patents, private-institution originated papers are only a quarter of the public. By linking theses scientific papers with funding sources, we found a large majority (90%) are public-funded and only a very small part are private-funded or public-private joint-funded. Our study also indicates the importance of research on such fields as pharmacology, chemistry (including medicinal chemistry, biochemistry, and organic chemistry), molecular biology, neurosciences, and immunology on new drugs innovation. There is no obvious relationship between “basicness” and linkages to the resulting patents’ impact and to drugs innovation. A balanced basic research and applied research maybe essential for fostering drug innovation because it is a complete chain translating from basic discovery to clinical evidence then to clinical practice. In order to achieve successful pharmaceutical innovation, rather than focusing on only technology, convergence with science at moderate levels (maybe 1/3) is suggested. 相似文献
3.
[目的/意义] 论文引用专利的“反向引用”也是科学与技术知识关联的重要体现。针对现有“反向引用”研究的不足,分析中国专利技术对世界科学研究的影响。[方法/过程] 搜集整理中国专利被世界科学论文引用的数据,利用文献计量学方法分析“反向引用”的引用频数、技术关联度、引用时滞及技术循环周期等指标,利用社会网络分析方法构建“反向引用”网络,探讨技术领域到科学领域的知识流动情况。[结果/结论] 中国专利技术对世界科学研究的影响力越来越大。科学与技术的双向互动在化学领域体现的最为明显,化学、工程、材料科学三个学科领域较多地吸收了专利知识,技术关联度较高。前1-4年的技术对当前科学影响最大,中国专利被科学文献引用的循环周期较短,平均为4.69年。 相似文献
4.
研究采用典型相关分析方法对1998-2009 年我国政府科技资源投入产出相关性进行了分析。研究结果表
明,科技经费支出额与我国政府科技资源投入状况相关性最强,拥有发明专利数与我国政府科技资源产出状况相关性
最强。与其他投入产出分变量间相关性相比,科技经费支出额与拥有发明专利数之间的相关性最强。 相似文献
5.
科学-技术关联是指技术创新系统与科学研究系统之间的知识传递关系。探测科学-技术关联的情报学方法是:计量"论文-专利"互引信息,用专利所属的4位IPC类目与论文所属的学科之间的对应关系来反映科学-技术关联。此方法中存在两方面问题:一方面,论文被笼统地视为基础科学的代表,忽略了自然科学体系的"基础科学-技术科学-工程科学"的层级结构;另一方面,IPC类目以"功能"为分类原则且粒度过粗,难以与科学学科合理对应。对科学端的学科层级划分问题和技术端的4位IPC类目细化问题进行研究,对探测科学-技术关联的情报学方法进行改进,并以2006-2009年间的美国催化技术专利和与之具有互引关系的论文为样本进行实验,实验结果反映出更精细的学科-领域对应关系,呈现出更清晰的科学-技术关联图景。 相似文献
6.
[目的/意义] 专利文献与学术论文分别表现了技术创新与科学研究的新进展，通过专利主体将二者结合进行技术主题演化分析，对进一步发现专利技术与科学研究间的关系有一定的参考意义。[方法/过程] 以数据挖掘领域的学术型发明人为纽带，从专利主体-关键词耦合、IPC耦合以及IPC-关键词共现3个角度，提出关联方法并构建研究框架，分析不同时间段下主体、技术及主题多维关联关系的演化，探究数据挖掘领域内专利文献与学术论文的主体、主题关联关系。[结果/结论] 学术型发明人在数据挖掘技术创新中的作用越来越重要，大多主体的技术主题是相近的，部分甚至呈现高度的统一，但是也存在少数技术与主题不直接相关，差异度较大，但不论技术与主题是否直接相关，数据挖掘相关技术发明与科学研究都已经实现了较为深入的相互渗透。 相似文献
7.
《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(3):101431
In science-technology research, papers and patents are used to represent science and technology, respectively. Detecting sleeping beauty papers and their princes in technology (patent field) could uncover dynamic knowledge contributions from science (paper field) to technology (patent field). However, previous studies have mainly focused on sleeping beauty in science. Some studies have examined SB patents in technology, but SB papers in patents are rarely studied and need to be further discussed. In addition, knowledge could flow along citations. Thus, if one paper is cited by one patent's reference (indirect citation), it also contributes to the patent, even though the patent does not directly cite it. At the same time, indirect citations are rarely discussed in sleeping beauty studies. This could lead to a loss of significant information. Therefore, to reveal the dynamic knowledge contribution from science to technology considering indirect citations, this study proposed a new method of mining sleeping beauty papers in technology and their princes. The lithium-ion battery domain is selected as a case study. The findings are as follows: (1) Most papers do not contribute knowledge to technology continuously, even when considering indirect citations, and the time-varying knowledge contribution strength changes significantly overtime. (2) The knowledge contribution strength with a time delay of more than 11 years occupies 80% of the total knowledge contribution strength. It is suggested that the window period of paper publication evaluation be extended. (3) 22 sleeping beauty papers in technology are detected. Nine papers are among the top 10 regarding the total knowledge contribution strength. (4) The princes of 9 typical sleeping beauty papers in technology are all papers. This implies that the awakening of these papers in technology was all provoked by scientific development. 相似文献
8.
In this contribution, we develop a new approach to explore the process of knowledge transition from discovery-oriented science to technological fields, via applications-oriented research, including a mediator set. This trajectory is referred to as the D-A-T trajectory. It is shown how it can be constructed and measures are proposed to characterize the relational strength among different environments (discovery oriented research, applications-oriented research and patents) and the speed of evolution. Our approach is illustrated by a case study of three fundamental restriction enzymes articles. Among other results we found that 387 patents cited 124 of the 988 articles (a share of 12.55%) in the mediator set. Defining the non-patent references (NPR) transition rate as the number of citing patents divided by the number of articles in the mediator set yields a value 0.392. Our results suggest that the D-A-T path acts as a backbone and reveals important “invisible contributions” of an original scientific work during its evolution from discovery oriented research to outside academia. Our contribution provides a useful tool for bridging the existing gap in detecting the transition of knowledge between science and technology. 相似文献
9.
《Journal of Informetrics》2020,14(2):101014
In the modern world, science and technology jointly determine the evolutionary path of scientific innovation, with an increasingly close relationship between them. Therefore, it is important to study the identification method of the innovation path, based on the linkage of topics in science and technology. This study focuses on connected topics utilizing bibliometric analysis, thereby exploring the identification method for innovation paths based on the linkage of scientific and technological topics. The internal mechanism of knowledge dissemination and the relationship between science and technology are revealed and described in detail by measuring the linkage of knowledge units. For practical bibliometric analyses, research papers and patent literature were used to characterize scientific research and technological research to reveal the innovation path for the interaction of science and technology quantitatively, automatically, and visually. Experimental study shows that analysis of the topic-linked path of science and technology, along with the integration of multi-relationships, can effectively identify important science- and technology-related topics in a field in the evolution process, and help grasp the key points of basic research and applied research. 相似文献
10.
《Journal of Informetrics》2020,14(4):101067
Today’s scientific research is an expensive enterprise funded primarily by taxpayers’ and corporate groups’ monies. All nations want to discover fields of study that promise to create future industries, and dominate these by building up and securing scientific and technological expertise early. However, the conversion of scientific leadership into market dominance remains very much an alchemy. To gain insights into how science becomes technology, we focused on graphene (which shows promise in batteries, sensors, flexible displays and other technologies) as a case study. In particular, we asked whether research on the material is on track to deliver all its technological promises. To answer this question, we analyzed in this paper bibliometric records of scientific journal publications and patents related to graphene. While performing straightforward analyses at the aggregate and temporal level to do so, we stumbled upon evidences that suggest ‘Golden Eras’ of graphene science and technology in the recent past. To confirm this unexpected finding, we developed a novel simulation-based method to determine how the interest levels in graphene science and technology change with time. We then found compelling evidences that these interest levels peaked in 2010 and 2012 respectively, despite the continued growth of journal and patent publications in this area. This suggests that publication numbers in a research topic could sometimes give rise to false positives concerning its importance. 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 鉴于"科学-技术关系"是情报学领域的热点研究问题,文献计量方法是研究该问题的常用方法,对国内外研究该问题的主要文献计量方法进行述评,就如何更好地运用这些方法进行"科学-技术关系"研究提出建议。[方法/过程] 在回顾"科学-技术关系"的含义和相关研究方法的基础上,梳理和总结专利的论文引文分析法、论文的专利引文分析法、"专利发明人-论文作者关联关系"分析法3种主要文献计量方法在"科学-技术关系"研究方面的应用和国内外进展,比较3种方法的理论基础、应用范围和存在的问题。[结果/结论] 3种方法基于不同的理论基础,分别被应用于:①识别与科学领域关系较强的技术领域;②识别被科学领域引用较多的技术领域、国家和机构;③测度专利发明人的科学研究活动、大学和企业的合作情况。这些方法分别存在专利的施引动机不明确、专利的论文引文字段不规范、数据较少、主题分析和技术对科学的作用机理研究较少、专利发明人和论文作者名称难以识别和匹配等问题。研究"科学-技术关系"时需根据研究问题和数据特征等选择合适的文献计量方法,并注意解决这些方法存在的问题。 相似文献
13.
探索高校专利价值评估模型,快速锁定存在权利转移价值和失效风险的专利,有利于提升高校科技成果管理效率,加快高校科技成果向产业界转移,进一步激发高校科研人员的创新潜力。文章结合已有研究中的专利评估指标,从指标易获取性角度出发,选取11个指标形成专利评估体系;以云计算为技术领域,创建专利分析资源库;进而结合主成分分析与分类算法,构建专利价值评估模型;基于评估模型,对云计算领域中的高校专利进行识别,借鉴标准十分评估方法,对专利的权利转移概率进行划分,明确高校中具有权利转移价值和失效风险的专利。研究表明,结合主成分分析法,确定评估指标的有效性,使用十折交叉验证选取人工神经网络算法构建评估模型,分析发现高校存在权利转移价值的专利呈二次多项式分布,10.68%专利具有较高的权利转移价值,22.64%专利存在失效风险。文章构建的专利价值评估模型能够为高校科技成果管理人员进行专利运营,以及企业探寻高校核心技术提供决策支持。 相似文献
14.
论文体现基础研究水平,专利体现技术创新水平,两者之间存在相互影响关系。在现有科学与技术关联研究的基础上,总结、分析并提出从科学与技术互动的角度设计双向的引文揭示方法,包括专利引用论文揭示法和论文引用专利揭示法,分别研究专利对论文的引用以及论文对专利的引用在时间、空间和种类等方面的分布。选取立体显示这个新兴产业为研究对象,从时间、空间、种类的角度展开科学与技术的互动研究。 相似文献
15.
《Journal of Informetrics》2022,16(2):101286
Although the incidence of knowledge exploration is observed in most patents, the concept of knowledge exploration distance has been analyzed with limited patents at the macro level of a company, organization or region. This study quantifies the knowledge exploration distance of individual patents using network embedding methods and citation analysis. First, a technology ecology network is constructed to identify technological association relationships between technical elements. Second, network embedding method is employed to represent technical elements as fixed dimensional vector, preserving the structural information. Next, the individual patents are vectorized based on the technology classification code information and pre-trained embedding values. Finally, by comparing the position between a citing patent and cited patents in the vector space, the knowledge exploration distance of the patent is obtained. This knowledge exploration distance indicates the novel degree of technological association between technical elements of a citing patent and those of cited patents. The case study covering artificial intelligence technology-related patents is conducted to illustrate the process of calculating knowledge exploration distance. Besides, this study showed that the proposed measure has significant relationships with patent-based indicators related to protection coverage, prior knowledge, and patent value. 相似文献
16.
乔永忠 《中国科技资源导刊 (中国信息导报)》2012,(2):37-42
通过对我国授权的不同技术领域专利情报实证研究发现：电学类专利维持时间最长,纺织造纸类专利维
持时间最短;生活需要类专利审查时间最长,固定建筑物类专利审查时间最短;纺织造纸类专利的权利要求数均值
最大,固定建筑物类专利的权利要求数均值最小;除化学冶金类专利的发明人数均值较多外,其他技术领域专利的
发明人数均值差异不大。 相似文献
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Qing Ke 《Journal of Informetrics》2018,12(3):706-717
Traditionally, the number of citations that a scholarly paper receives from other papers is used as the proxy of its scientific impact. Yet citations can come from domains outside the scientific community, and one such example is through patented technologies—paper can be cited by patents, achieving technological impact. While the scientific impact of papers has been extensively studied, the technological aspect remains less known in the literature. Here we aim to fill this gap by presenting a comparative study on how 919 thousand biomedical papers are cited by U.S. patents and by other papers over time. We observe a positive correlation between citations from patents and from papers, but there is little overlap between the two domains in either the most cited papers, or papers with the most delayed recognition. We also find that the two types of citations exhibit distinct temporal variations, with patent citations lagging behind paper citations for a median of 6 years for the majority of papers. Our work contributes to the understanding of the technological impact of papers. 相似文献
19.
[目的/意义]专利转移对象识别对高校有的放矢推送专利、提升专利转移效率、实现科技创新驱动经济发展具有重要意义。[方法/过程]对高校专利信息和企业多源信息进行语义抽取,构建能够体现企业产品/技术纵向延伸需求的领域技术树,最后建立高校与企业间的技术-需求匹配模型,依其匹配程度进行高校专利转移客户识别。[结果/结论]以我国气凝胶领域的高校专利为例对识别方法进行实证,结果表明该方法可准确识别出具有产品/技术纵向延伸需求的高校专利转移对象,应对供求信息不对称问题,是促进高校专利转移、实现科技创新与市场需求精准对接的有效手段。 相似文献
20.
《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(1):101370
Elucidating and prejudging the patent technological value (PTV) is an important issue in the field of technology innovation and Patentometrics. However, most studies adopt a static perspective to define and evaluate it according to forward citations (FC), which disregards the time attribute and evolution process and may cause some contradictions or ambiguities among findings. Through combing the time and number attributes of FC, this study recommends a four-dimensional index (technology lifetime, strength, breadth, and dispersion) from the standpoint of patented technology diffusion, a dynamic evolution process. By considering patent data from three technology fields - graphene, information and communication, bio-medicine - as samples, we examine the multidimensional characteristics of PTV and further adopt Cox and multiple regression analysis to determine its influential factors. The finding shows that PTV is multi-dimensional and the four-dimensional index is helpful to explain the differentiation effects of different influential factors. Furthermore, six internal factors (intrinsic and evolutionary) that influence PTV in varying degree are identified and verified. Specially, as for intrinsic factors, only backward citation influences all four-dimensional index with a positive impact on technology lifetime and strength, and negative impact on breadth and dispersion. Technology field can negatively affect strength and breadth, but positively affect dispersion. Delivery term can only affect technology lifetime negatively. As for evolutionary factors, patent legal lifetime influences all four-dimensional index with a negative impact on technology lifetime and strength, and positive impact on breadth and dispersion. Forward citation exerts a positive impact on breadth and strength while a negative impact on technology lifetime and dispersion. Transfer number exerts a positive impact on technology lifetime, but a negative influence on dispersion. This study not only offers a four-dimensional index to signify the technological value of a patent, but construes the contradictions or ambiguities about the relationships between the influential factors and PTV. Besides, the influential factor model is also helpful to prejudge the technological value of patents at different stages after the granting. 相似文献