共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 277 毫秒
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[目的/意义] 鉴于"科学-技术关系"是情报学领域的热点研究问题,文献计量方法是研究该问题的常用方法,对国内外研究该问题的主要文献计量方法进行述评,就如何更好地运用这些方法进行"科学-技术关系"研究提出建议。[方法/过程] 在回顾"科学-技术关系"的含义和相关研究方法的基础上,梳理和总结专利的论文引文分析法、论文的专利引文分析法、"专利发明人-论文作者关联关系"分析法3种主要文献计量方法在"科学-技术关系"研究方面的应用和国内外进展,比较3种方法的理论基础、应用范围和存在的问题。[结果/结论] 3种方法基于不同的理论基础,分别被应用于:①识别与科学领域关系较强的技术领域;②识别被科学领域引用较多的技术领域、国家和机构;③测度专利发明人的科学研究活动、大学和企业的合作情况。这些方法分别存在专利的施引动机不明确、专利的论文引文字段不规范、数据较少、主题分析和技术对科学的作用机理研究较少、专利发明人和论文作者名称难以识别和匹配等问题。研究"科学-技术关系"时需根据研究问题和数据特征等选择合适的文献计量方法,并注意解决这些方法存在的问题。 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 研究当前环境下馆员如何进行“全媒体”角色转换及其培养途径,从而为馆员信息化发展引领方向,在推动图书馆服务模式转型过程中,扩展图书馆信息服务职能。[方法/过程] 采用文献调查、实践研究和比较分析相结合的方法对国内外“全媒体”发展及馆员“全媒体”角色转换的研究成果进行评述,着重讨论馆员角色转换与培养方法。[结果/结论] 馆员的“全媒体”角色转换与培养是必要的,“全媒体意识”是转变的关键,知识积累是角色转换与培养的量变基础,智慧实践是“全媒体”角色转换的实现手段,也是培养的最终目的。 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 社交媒介不仅提供了用户间知识交流的平台,而且形成了知识复用的渠道。一部分社交网络用户在信息传播、知识共享等方面都能够对其他用户产生影响,称之为“小众专家”。对“小众专家”群体的研究对于社交网络中信息传播具有促进作用。[方法/过程] 以MetaFilter数据集为例,利用用户社交网络活动数据,生成用户关系网络,结合网络分析与时序分析筛选“小众专家”,分析“小众专家”群体在不同语义环境下的“稳定-迁移”特征,并提出评测指标,进行验证分析。[结果/结论] 结果显示：只有极少部分“小众专家”能够在多种语义环境下保持稳定性,而大部分“小众专家”只能在单一语义环境中保持稳定性。 相似文献
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[目的/意义]探究面向决策的“城市病”诊治情报服务模式有利于对“城市病”问题进行综合把脉,帮助城市管理者迅速找准病因、症结,从而提升社会治理效率。[方法/过程]在总结“城市病”诊治相关理论与实践现状的基础上,从宏观环境（信息环境）、中观资源（大数据战略）与用户需求（决策需求）3个层面归纳“城市病”诊治情报服务的推动力,探讨“城市病”诊治情报服务体系的组织架构以及运行机制,指出“城市病”诊治情报服务应是环环相扣、动态演进、递进循环的工程化流程。[结果/结论]情报服务的介入可以促使“城市病”诊治过程更为精细化、系统化与协同化,为政府城市管理与决策提供极为有益的信息决策参考。按照工程化情报服务思维,“城市病”诊治思路将从被动的“应对”向主动的“服务”转变。 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 以网络问答社区为研究对象,提出基于“问题-用户”传播网络的专家发现方法,为建立用户激励机制、完善专家推荐方法提供借鉴。[方法/过程] 通过分析开放问答模式的特点,以“问题”和“用户”为节点、“答题关系”为有向边,构建“问题-用户”权威值传播网络,利用答案质量改进加权的HITS算法。[结果/结论] 提出的算法可以较好地兼顾用户的答题数量与答案质量,能够选择出活跃度高、知识渊博的用户作为专家。 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 旨在通过对突发事件舆情研究,探索危机传播管理中的舆情研判方法,并进一步为政府信息公开提供实操方法的建议。[方法/过程] 在理论研究层面,基于危机传播的基本要点,对信息发布效果和舆情实时反馈进行综合分析;在应用处理层面,以新浪微博中“天津爆炸”事件相关信息为例,爬取新浪微博全量数据,基于危机传播领域知识和信息发布文本构建领域词表,并结合危机传播阶段特征,对全量数据进行主题提取和情感分析。[结果/结论] “后微博”时代,微博用户量下降,但其仍旧是突发事件信息公开和舆情扩散的主要阵地。探求突发事件下政府如何利用微博平台,收集、研判、应对网络舆情,为做好信息发布工作提供科学的分析方法和应对手段。 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 知识融合是一个随技术环境和社会环境不断发展变化的概念,并可应用于多个学科领域,然而目前学术领域对知识融合的概念界定还缺少一致的理解,对其进行辨析有利于推动后续研究。[方法/过程] 通过充分调研和分析,在理论和实践层面汲取以往研究中的观点和成果,一方面选取不同时期和不同领域的知识融合概念的典型表述,并分别提取“处理对象”“融合过程”以及“融合结果”3个关键要素;另一方面通过知识融合系统体系架构的剖析来进一步明确知识融合的研究范畴与边界。[结果/结论] 综合概括得到一个相对完整的知识融合概念定义,并从流程角度对知识融合概念进行分解。 相似文献
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“六度分离”假说的信息学意义 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
介绍“六度分离”假说的含义和“小世界原理”的由来,指出在互联网崛起的背景下,“六度分离”假说再次受到学术界关注的原因以及其在物理、化学、生物、交通、影视传媒等领域显示出的应用价值。在此基础上,初步探索“六度分离”假说在信息学领域的应用前景。 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 专利文献与学术论文分别表现了技术创新与科学研究的新进展，通过专利主体将二者结合进行技术主题演化分析，对进一步发现专利技术与科学研究间的关系有一定的参考意义。[方法/过程] 以数据挖掘领域的学术型发明人为纽带，从专利主体-关键词耦合、IPC耦合以及IPC-关键词共现3个角度，提出关联方法并构建研究框架，分析不同时间段下主体、技术及主题多维关联关系的演化，探究数据挖掘领域内专利文献与学术论文的主体、主题关联关系。[结果/结论] 学术型发明人在数据挖掘技术创新中的作用越来越重要，大多主体的技术主题是相近的，部分甚至呈现高度的统一，但是也存在少数技术与主题不直接相关，差异度较大，但不论技术与主题是否直接相关，数据挖掘相关技术发明与科学研究都已经实现了较为深入的相互渗透。 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 将全过程管理的理论方法融入文献情报项目评价研究之中,构建一套较为完整的文献情报项目评价的全过程管理体系,为图书情报学领域其他项目的评价工作提供可参考的理论模型和实践经验。[方法/过程] 梳理全过程管理理念下的文献情报项目评价的影响因素和管理特征,从4个维度构建基于全过程管理理念的文献情报项目评价体系,并以群组平台项目为例开展实证研究,建立一套基于全过程管理理念的群组平台项目评价体系用以实施项目评价工作。[结果/结论] 从“结构维度”“指标维度”“时间维度”和“策略维度”4个方面较为全面地分析了文献情报项目评价的影响因素和管理特征,设计了一套涵盖“前期基础”“团队建设”“建设路线”“内容建设”“成效建设”“管理机制”和“可持续发展”7项属性的项目评价指标体系,并按照项目评价管理全过程中的“项目计划评价”“项目申报评价”“项目实施评价”“项目验收评价”和“项目后建设评价”5个时间阶段形成针对不同时期的项目评价动态指标方案,同时制定了多项实施策略提升项目评价的管理实施效果。基于全过程管理理念的群组平台项目评价体系的构建,有效支撑群组平台项目评价工作的有序化、合理化和制度化开展。 相似文献
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《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(3):101435
How do scientific knowledge and technological knowledge interact to influence patent inventions? This study combines the “Reliance on Science in Patenting” dataset with the PATSTAT database to investigate focal patents and their paper references and patent references. A temporal investigation shows a growing tendency that patents absorb more knowledge from patents than papers. Additionally, we conduct two sets of analyses, namely, studying the knowledge flow among 35 technology fields and 39 science fields and estimating the impact of cited references on patent impact. The results show that the fields are heterogeneous in absorbing scientific knowledge and technological knowledge. The empirical models indicate that the knowledge depth of both science and technology show an inverted U-shaped relationship with patent impact, while the curve of former is steeper. The knowledge breadth of both science and technology present a U-shaped relationship with patent impact, while the curve of latter is steeper. We also explore the impact of time lags and time spread on citations and estimate their joint effects. Our study provides a new understanding of the convergence of scientific knowledge and technological knowledge to facilitate patent inventions. 相似文献
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《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(3):101431
In science-technology research, papers and patents are used to represent science and technology, respectively. Detecting sleeping beauty papers and their princes in technology (patent field) could uncover dynamic knowledge contributions from science (paper field) to technology (patent field). However, previous studies have mainly focused on sleeping beauty in science. Some studies have examined SB patents in technology, but SB papers in patents are rarely studied and need to be further discussed. In addition, knowledge could flow along citations. Thus, if one paper is cited by one patent's reference (indirect citation), it also contributes to the patent, even though the patent does not directly cite it. At the same time, indirect citations are rarely discussed in sleeping beauty studies. This could lead to a loss of significant information. Therefore, to reveal the dynamic knowledge contribution from science to technology considering indirect citations, this study proposed a new method of mining sleeping beauty papers in technology and their princes. The lithium-ion battery domain is selected as a case study. The findings are as follows: (1) Most papers do not contribute knowledge to technology continuously, even when considering indirect citations, and the time-varying knowledge contribution strength changes significantly overtime. (2) The knowledge contribution strength with a time delay of more than 11 years occupies 80% of the total knowledge contribution strength. It is suggested that the window period of paper publication evaluation be extended. (3) 22 sleeping beauty papers in technology are detected. Nine papers are among the top 10 regarding the total knowledge contribution strength. (4) The princes of 9 typical sleeping beauty papers in technology are all papers. This implies that the awakening of these papers in technology was all provoked by scientific development. 相似文献
13.
科学-技术关联是指技术创新系统与科学研究系统之间的知识传递关系。探测科学-技术关联的情报学方法是:计量"论文-专利"互引信息,用专利所属的4位IPC类目与论文所属的学科之间的对应关系来反映科学-技术关联。此方法中存在两方面问题:一方面,论文被笼统地视为基础科学的代表,忽略了自然科学体系的"基础科学-技术科学-工程科学"的层级结构;另一方面,IPC类目以"功能"为分类原则且粒度过粗,难以与科学学科合理对应。对科学端的学科层级划分问题和技术端的4位IPC类目细化问题进行研究,对探测科学-技术关联的情报学方法进行改进,并以2006-2009年间的美国催化技术专利和与之具有互引关系的论文为样本进行实验,实验结果反映出更精细的学科-领域对应关系,呈现出更清晰的科学-技术关联图景。 相似文献
14.
基于专利申请及审查制度的专利引文评价效能实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的/意义]研究专利申请及审查制度下的专利引文作用机理,厘清专利引文评价效能,是保证学术评估客观合理的重要前提。[方法/过程]以美、中、日三国诉讼专利和许可专利为实证样本,分析专利引文频次与专利价值的相关性,并结合专利申请和专利审查制度就专利引文对施引专利、被引专利的评价效能进行深入剖析。[结果/结论]专利引文频次对专利价值而言是一个正向、负向、中性混杂的评价指标,专利引文对专利价值的评价需建立在对引用动机、引文扮演角色和实际发挥作用等诸多要素的深入细致分析上,否则,专利引文对专利价值不具有客观的评价效能。 相似文献
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专利不仅是科技文献,更是法律文件,客观研读世界各国专利法对专利引用行为的具体规定,是正确认识专利引用行为及其产出的专利引文的情报学意义的基础和前提。本文翻译并解读了美国专利法规、欧洲专利法规、日本专利法规和中国专利法规有关专利引用行为的条款,首次在专利法视域下清晰地阐述了专利引文的法定功能。鉴于目前情报学界的专利引文评价指标体系通常以计量“被引”为主,本文大胆地提出：基于专利法对专利引用行为的相关规定,专利的价值应当与专利的“施引”密切相关性,研究专利的引用行为及相应的施引频次,应当在分析和预见专利价值方面具有重要的情报学意义。 相似文献
16.
《Journal of Informetrics》2020,14(4):101074
Demonstrating the practical value of public research has been an important subject in science policy. Here we present a detailed study on the evolution of the citation linkage between life science related patents and biomedical research over a 37-year period. Our analysis relies on a newly-created dataset that systematically links millions of non-patent references to biomedical papers. We find a large disparity in the volume of citations to science among technology sectors, with biotechnology and drug patents dominating it. The linkage has been growing exponentially over a long period of time, doubling every 2.9 years. The U.S. has been the largest producer of cited science for years, receiving nearly half of the citations. More than half of citations goes to universities. We use a new paper-level indicator to quantify to what extent a paper is basic research or clinical medicine. We find that the cited papers are likely to be basic research, yet a significant portion of papers cited in patents that are related to FDA-approved drugs are clinical research. The U.S. National Institute of Health continues to be an important funder of cited science. For the majority of companies, more than half of citations in their patents are authored by public research. Taken together, these results indicate a continuous linkage of public science to private sector inventions. 相似文献
17.
We propose a backward tracking model for measuring knowledge transfer in the whole translational research spectrum. Using the drugs-patents-papers-grants backward linkages, we try to figure out the funding-science-technology-innovation translational pattern and ponder some policy implications on e.g., which priority areas and knowledge convergence level are more likely to generate new drugs. The drug-patent linkage data was accessed through the USFDA Orange Book, covering a drug's active ingredient, formulation, or methods of use for approved indications. It will take about 10 years from the application of earliest patent to the approval of the new drug. Also such high-value patents in FDA Orange Book tend to cite scientific knowledge published on average 10–15 years ago. The technology linkage of new drugs was relatively stable while the science linkage of technology inventions increased rapidly. Among the scientific papers cited by drug patents, private-institution originated papers are only a quarter of the public. By linking theses scientific papers with funding sources, we found a large majority (90%) are public-funded and only a very small part are private-funded or public-private joint-funded. Our study also indicates the importance of research on such fields as pharmacology, chemistry (including medicinal chemistry, biochemistry, and organic chemistry), molecular biology, neurosciences, and immunology on new drugs innovation. There is no obvious relationship between “basicness” and linkages to the resulting patents’ impact and to drugs innovation. A balanced basic research and applied research maybe essential for fostering drug innovation because it is a complete chain translating from basic discovery to clinical evidence then to clinical practice. In order to achieve successful pharmaceutical innovation, rather than focusing on only technology, convergence with science at moderate levels (maybe 1/3) is suggested. 相似文献
18.
《Journal of Informetrics》2020,14(2):101017
In this study, we investigate the extent to which patent citations to papers can serve as early signs for predicting delayed recognized knowledge in science using a comparative study with a control group, i.e., instant recognition papers. We identify the two opposite groups of papers by the Bcp measure, a parameter-free index for identifying papers which were recognized with delay. We provide a macro (Science/Nature papers dataset) and micro (a case chosen from the dataset) evidence on paper-patent citation linkages as early signs for predicting delayed recognized knowledge in science. It appears that papers with delayed recognition show a stronger and longer technical impact than instant recognition papers. We provide indication that in the more recent years papers with delayed recognition are awakened more often and earlier by a patent rather than by a scientific paper (also called “prince”). We also found that patent citations seem to play an important role to avoid instant recognition papers to level off or to become a so called “flash in the pan”, i.e., instant recognition. It also appears that the sleeping beauties may firstly encounter negative citations and then patent citations and finally get widely recognized. In contrast to the two focused fields (biology and chemistry) for instant recognition papers, delayed recognition papers are rather evenly distributed in biology, chemistry, psychology, geology, materials science, and physics. We discovered several pairs of “science sleeping”-“technology inducing”, such as “biology-biotechnology/pharmaceuticals”, “chemistry-chemical engineering”, as well as some trans-fields science-technology interactions, such as “psychology - computer technology/control technology/audio-visual technology”, “physics - computer technology”, and “mathematics-computer technology”. We propose in further research to discover the potential ahead of time and transformative research by using citation delay analysis, patent & NPL analysis, and citation context analysis. 相似文献
19.
Gabriel-Alexandru Vîiu 《Journal of Informetrics》2018,12(2):401-415
Characteristic scores and scales (CSS) – a well-established scientometric tool for the study of citation counts – have been used to document a striking phenomenon that characterizes citation distributions at high levels of aggregation: irrespective of scientific field and citation window empirical studies find a persistent pattern whereby about 70% of scientific papers belong to the class of poorly cited papers, about 21% belong to the class of fairly cited papers, 6% to that of remarkably cited papers and 3% to the class of outstandingly cited papers. This article aims to advance the understanding of this remarkable result by examining it in the context of the lognormal distribution, a popular model used to describe citation counts across scientific fields. The article shows that the application of the CSS method to lognormal distributions provides a very good fit to the 70–21–6–3% empirical pattern provided these distributions are characterized by a standard deviation parameter in the range of about 0.8–1.3. The CSS pattern is essentially explainable as an epiphenomenon of the lognormal functional form and, more generally, as a consequence of the skewness of science which is manifest in heavy-tailed citation distributions. 相似文献