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综合课程的建设是当前基础教育课程改革的一项重要内容,在高中开设综合课程具有重要的意义。高中综合理科课程可以概念体系为中心、以主题为中心、以生活为中心、以环境为中心和以探究过程为中心而构建。在高中阶段开展综合理科课程宜采用如下策略:开展岗位师资培训,提高教师综合理科教学能力;高师教育课改协同,设置综合理科(科学教育)专业;纳入校本课程建设,设立综合理科课程研究小组;充分利用当地资源,寻求课程本土化、多元化;改革教学评价制度,确立多种多样的评价方式。 相似文献
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科学探究是当代理科课程中的核心内容.我国新课程改革已经推进许多年,而与科学探究相适应的评价依然没有跟进:教师缺少评价学生科学探究能力的工具,学生的纸笔测验成绩与科学探究能力存在较大差距,过程性评价没有进入学生的学业成绩评价体系,甚至许多学校不开展实验教学,以讲授取代学科的科学探究过程. 相似文献
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近年来,国内外理科教育界越来越重视学生对科学本质的认识,并把它作为衡量中学生科学素养的一个重要指标,然而在以往理科课程教学中没有引起对科学本质教育的重视。本文阐述了什么是科学的本质,以及科学探究的科学本质教育功能,以引起理科教育者对科学探究中渗透科学本质教育的重视。 相似文献
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科学教育是国内外教育界十分关注的问题.我国历来强调在各学科中渗透科学教育内容,这次新课程实施中,又首次将自然科学作为一个整体为中小学设计了一门国家课程--科学课.它不同于传统的文科理科课程,也不同于传统的综合理科课程,而是一个全新的、具有现代意义的科学课程.从国外科学教育的实践看,科学探究活动已成为此课开设的主要形式,而促进学生学习方式的根本变革则是其有效实施的根本目的.对此,国外的科学教育为我们提供了借鉴. 相似文献
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2001年,教育部颁布了义务教育各学科课程标准实验稿。同年秋季,新课程在36个国家级实验区实施,由此拉开了我国新一轮课程改革的序幕。十年过去了,我国理科课程已经发生了显著的变化,实现了实质性、台阶式的进步,跃上了一个新的平台。这些变化通过科学教育中两个高频使用的关键词体现出来,即＂科学素养＂和＂科学探究＂。前者为科学课程赋予了新的任务、使命和方向,使人们超越了＂双基＂时代对科学课程的认识,对课程建设和课堂教学活动的改变产生了深刻的影响;后者则是为课程意图的实现提供了反映科学本质特点的有效教学途径。两者共同构成了理科课程改革标志性的特征和亮点,足以彰显理科课程改革实现的飞跃和成就。 相似文献
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科学教材是体现科学课程目标和内容的重要载体,也是学生学习和教师教学的重要工具之一．中国的综合理科课程改革的关键是编制合适的综合理科教材．笔者采用比较的方法,对美国科学教材（Science Explore）（科学探究者）同国内袁运开主编的《科学》教材的栏目设置进行比较,希望能够为新一轮的科学教育改革提供科学的支持和依据．通过对教材的比较研究,也希望能为中学科学教学实践工作提供有益的参考． 相似文献
8.
张旻敏 《南阳师范学院学报》2008,7(6)
随着教育改革的不断深入,科学探究已成为我国基础教育理科课程改革的一个核心问题。根据师范学校的物理探究教学现状,依据相关的理论,设计了学生问卷,并对调查结果进行分析,为提出在师范学校实施物理探究教学的模式和策略提供参考。 相似文献
9.
科学课程是以科学探究为主线，整合了自然地理、生物、物理，化学四门学科知识的一门理科综合课程。在这次课程改革中，总观全国初中课改形势，仍以分科型课程为主，综合型特别是理科综合即选择科学课程的地区和学校在全国为数很少。从某种意义上说，选择科学课程的实验区校，应该是“弱势群体”，但就科学这类综合课程在课程结构中的地位和作用看，又应当是改革力度较大的部分。 相似文献
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通过对贵州省中学理科教师的问卷调查和访谈,可以看出,中学理科教师对评价科学探究能力的重要性认识统一,但评价意识不强,对如何评价学生探究能力把握不准,对用纸笔考试作为评价科学探究能力的唯一方式的现状不满意.认为课程标准对评价学生科学探究能力缺乏指导性,纸笔考试与实施的探究教学有差距,教师对考查或评价学生科学探究能力缺乏准备,课堂评价结果没有进入学生的评价体系是评价探究能力困难的原因.因此,推出与科学探究能力目标相匹配的可操作的评价标准,将表现性评价嵌入在科学探究的教学中,采取多渠道、多方式培训模式,提高教师评价能力是当务之急. 相似文献
11.
Su-Chi Fang Hsin-Yi Chang Wen-Hua Chang Hsin-Kai Wu Chih-Ming Chen 《International Journal of Science Education》2016,38(12):1945-1971
In order to promote scientific inquiry in secondary schooling in Taiwan, the study developed a computer-based inquiry curriculum (including structured and guided inquiry units) and investigated how the curriculum influenced students’ science learning. The curriculum was implemented in 5 junior secondary schools in the context of a weeklong summer science course with 117 students. We first used a multi-level assessment approach to evaluate the students’ learning outcomes with the curriculum. Then, a path analysis approach was adopted for investigating at different assessment levels how the curriculum as a whole and how different types of inquiry units affected the students’ development of conceptual understandings and inquiry abilities. The results showed that the curriculum was effective in enhancing the students’ conceptual knowledge and inquiry abilities in the contexts of the six scientific topics. After the curriculum, they were able to construct interconnected scientific knowledge. The path diagrams suggested that, due to different instructional designs, the structured and guided inquiry units appeared to support the students’ learning of the topics in different ways. More importantly, they demonstrated graphically how the learning of content knowledge and inquiry ability mutually influenced one another and were reciprocally developed in a computer-based inquiry learning environment. 相似文献
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Curriculum materials are crucial tools with which teachers engage students in science as inquiry. In order to use curriculum materials effectively, however, teachers must develop a robust capacity for pedagogical design, or the ability to mobilize a variety of personal and curricular resources to promote student learning. The purpose of this study was to develop a better understanding of the ways in which preservice elementary teachers mobilize and adapt existing science curriculum materials to plan inquiry‐oriented science lessons. Using quantitative methods, we investigated preservice teachers' curriculum design decision‐making and how their decisions influenced the inquiry orientations of their planned science lessons. Findings indicate that preservice elementary teachers were able to accurately assess how inquiry‐based existing curriculum materials are and to adapt them to make them more inquiry‐based. However, the inquiry orientations of their planned lessons were in large part determined by how inquiry‐oriented curriculum materials they used to plan their lessons were to begin with. These findings have important implications for the design of teacher education experiences that foster preservice elementary teachers' pedagogical design capacities for inquiry, as well as the development of inquiry‐based science curriculum materials that support preservice and beginning elementary teachers to engage in effective science teaching practice. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47:820–839, 2010 相似文献
13.
The traditional approach to the education of language minority students separates English language development from content instruction because it is assumed that English language proficiency is a prerequisite for subject matter learning. The authors of this article take the alternate view that the integration of inquiry science and language acquisition enhances learning in both domains. The report describes a conceptual framework for science–language integration and the development of a five‐level rubric to assess teachers' understanding of curricular integration. The science–language integration rubric describes the growth of teacher expertise as a continuum from a view of science and language as discreet unrelated domains to the recognition of the superordinate processes that create a synergistic relationship between inquiry science and language development. Examples from teacher interviews are used to illustrate teacher thinking at each level. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 39: 664–687, 2002 相似文献
14.
Mijung Kim Frederick Toralballa Talaue 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(2):289-311
A new primary science syllabus with strong inquiry focus has been implemented in Singapore since 2008. In this study, we attempted to understand how teachers experience the emphasis of inquiry-based curriculum under the current educational conditions that is routined and highly teacher fronted. We invited 50 pre-service and 41 in-service teachers to participate in survey questionnaires and narratives, reflective writings, and group discussions related to science inquiry which formed our data corpus. Data analysis in the form of thematic coding was carried out using NVivo8, with over 80% inter-rater coding agreement level. Three key aspects of teachers’ perceptions of science inquiry were revealed: (1) teachers’ responsibilities as facilitators, (2) privileging content knowledge rather than process skills, and (3) pressure of assessment systems in current educational contexts. These understandings bring out conflicts of inquiry teaching between teacher- and student-centredness, content and process, and curriculum and assessment. Based on these teachers’ perceptions and dilemmas of inquiry science teaching, the visions and challenges of inquiry science curriculum change against assessment requirements are discussed. 相似文献
15.
美国科学开端课程是以探究为核心的综合性儿童科学课程。通过科学探究活动发展儿童的解释能力是此课程的一个重要特点,这体现着当代新的科学观。科学开端课程对我国儿童科学教育有启示作用。 相似文献
16.
This qualitative video study explores how two elementary school teachers taught for conceptual understanding throughout different phases of science inquiry. The teachers implemented teaching materials with a focus on learning science key concepts through the development of word knowledge. A framework for word knowledge was applied to examine the students’ level of word knowledge manifested in their talk. In this framework, highly developed knowledge of a word is conceptual knowledge. This includes understanding how the word is situated within a network of other words and ideas. The results suggest that students’ level of word knowledge develops toward conceptual knowledge when the students are required to apply the key concepts in their talk throughout all phases of inquiry. When the students become familiar with the key concepts through the initial inquiry activities, the students use the concepts as tools for furthering their conceptual understanding when they discuss their ideas and findings. However, conceptual understanding is not promoted when teachers do the talking for the students, rephrasing their responses into the correct answer or neglecting to address the students’ everyday perceptions of scientific phenomena. 相似文献
17.
When students collaboratively design and build artifacts that require relevant understanding and application of science, many aspects of scientific literacy are developed. Design-based inquiry (DBI) is one such pedagogy that can serve these desired goals of science education well. Focusing on a Projectile Science curriculum previously found to be implemented with satisfactory fidelity, we investigate the many hidden challenges when using DBI with Grade 8 students from one school in Singapore. A case study method was used to analyze video recordings of DBI lessons conducted over 10 weeks, project presentations, and interviews to ascertain the opportunities for developing scientific literacy among participants. One critical factor that hindered learning was task selection by teachers, which emphasized generic scientific process skills over more important cognitive and epistemic learning goals. Teachers and students were also jointly engaged in forms of inquiry that underscored artifact completion over deeper conceptual and epistemic understanding of science. Our research surfaced two other confounding factors that undermined the curriculum; unanticipated teacher effects and the underestimation of the complexity of DBI and of inquiry science in general. Thus, even though motivated or experienced teachers can implement an inquiry science curriculum with good fidelity and enjoy school-wide support, these by themselves will not guarantee deep learning of scientific literacy in DBI. Recommendations are made for navigating the hands- and minds-on aspects of learning science that is an asset as well as inherent danger during DBI teaching. 相似文献
18.
Science Instruction with a Humanistic Twist: Teachers' Perception and Practice in Using the History of Science in Their Classrooms 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Scholars have argued that the history of science should be included in the science curriculum because it provides meaningful perspective about scientific concepts, processes, and context. This article begins with a review of efforts to humanize science education by including the history of science, and a review of the rationale for including the history of science in the science education curriculum. The authors then synthesize a conceptual framework for examining the role of the history of science in science education. The framework is organized around realms in the history of science: a) conceptual understanding, b) procedural understanding, and c) contextual understanding, and includes approximately 3 sub-elements within each realm. The framework has been used previously to study the inclusion of the history of science in high school physics textbooks (Wang 1998). In this study, it is used to examine the perceptions and practices of elementary and secondary school teachers in using the history of science in their classrooms. Thirty-eight teachers completed a questionnaire which used Likert scale items to assess their perception of the value of the history of science, and practice in using it in their classroom. A sub-set of teachers were then interviewed to understand the interconnection of these views in more detail. Teachers believe that the inclusion of the history of science should not be used for elementary school students. Teachers who believe in and practice the inclusion of the history of science identify many benefits for their students. However, they believe that it is difficult to include the procedural realm of understanding. The authors conclude that humanizing science isn't a matter of making it fun so much as making it a human and meaningful endeavor. 相似文献
19.
In this study, five elementary teachers and a university researcher developed and implemented problem‐based learning (PBL) experiences in the context of science teaching and learning. Collaborative inquiry was adopted as a methodology, while a variety of qualitative methods were used to examine the engagement and development of teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). A PCK model is used as a framework to examine teachers’ professional knowledge growth in areas such as orientations to teaching science, knowledge of science curriculum, knowledge of students’ understanding of science, knowledge of assessment, and knowledge of instructional strategies. Implications for how teachers may be supported when adopting instructional innovations are discussed. 相似文献
20.
P. M. Kruit R. J. Oostdam E. van den Berg J. A. Schuitema 《International Journal of Science Education》2018,40(4):421-441
In most primary science classes, students are taught science inquiry skills by way of learning by doing. Research shows that explicit instruction may be more effective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of explicit instruction on the acquisition of inquiry skills. Participants included 705 Dutch fifth and sixth graders. Students in an explicit instruction condition received an eight-week intervention of explicit instruction on inquiry skills. In the lessons of the implicit condition, all aspects of explicit instruction were absent. Students in the baseline condition followed their regular science curriculum. In a quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test design, two paper-and-pencil tests and three performance assessments were used to examine the acquisition and transfer of inquiry skills. Additionally, questionnaires were used to measure metacognitive skills. The results of a multilevel analysis controlling for pre-tests, general cognitive ability, age, gender and grade level indicated that explicit instruction facilitates the acquisition of science inquiry skills. Specifically on the performance assessment with an unfamiliar topic, students in the explicit condition outperformed students of both the implicit and baseline condition. Therefore, this study provides a strong argument for including an explicit teaching method for developing inquiry skills in primary science education. 相似文献