共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
张知侠 《咸阳师范学院学报》2016,(4):64-65
用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取苍术精油,采用生长速率法测试苍术精油对十种病原菌的抑菌活性,结果表明,苍术精油对番茄叶霉病菌的抑制率最强,达到95%;其次是黄瓜炭疽病菌和番茄早疫病菌,抑制率在80%以上,对棉花立枯病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、番茄灰霉病菌的抑制率达到了60%;而对其他病原菌的抑制率相对较低。 相似文献
2.
采用孢子萌发法,测定了蓖麻、狗尾草、花椒和茴香提取物对玉米黑粉病菌Ustilago magdis、棉花红粉病菌Trichothecium roseum、葡萄霜霉病菌Plasmopara viticola和棉花红腐病菌Fusarium spp.的抑菌作用.结果表明:狗尾草、花椒、茴香和蓖麻提取物对4种植物病菌孢子的萌发均具有一定的抑制作用,且随着浓度的升高,抑制率增加.4种植物提取物浓度为200 mg/mL时,对棉花红腐病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用最强,抑制率分别达到91.7%、91.8%、93.7%和89.7%;浓度为100 mg/mL时,抑制率均超过65.0%;浓度为50 mg/mL时抑制作用相对较弱,但仍和对照有显著差异. 相似文献
3.
以黄瓜褐斑病菌、小麦纹枯病菌和番茄叶霉病菌为供试病原菌,用琼胶平板法对夹竹桃等10种植物样品的丙酮提取物进行了抑菌活性测定.结果表明：夹竹桃提取物对黄瓜褐斑病菌和番茄叶霉病菌菌丝生长抑制率大于70%,其中对番茄叶霉病菌菌丝生长抑制率达80.6%;花椒提取物对番茄叶霉病菌和小麦纹枯病菌菌丝生长抑制率均大于60%;南天竹对两种病原菌菌丝的抑制率为50%以上;小茴香、香菜等植物提取物在低浓度时对供试病原菌菌丝的生长有一定的促进作用. 相似文献
4.
《河南职业技术师范学院学报(职业教育版)》2016,(2)
采用生长速率法测定了金银花叶乙醇提取物对小麦纹枯病菌、高粱紫斑病菌、玉米青枯病菌、玉米大斑病菌和奇亚枯萎病菌菌丝生长的抑制活性.结果表明:金银花叶乙醇提取物对除了奇亚枯萎病菌以外的4种病原真菌抑菌效果较好,抑菌率菌均高于80%,其中对小麦纹枯病菌抑菌效果最好,质量浓度为0.04 g/m L条件下,培养第7天的最大抑制率达到87%.提取物对这4种病原菌的抑制作用无显著性差异,而且对不同病菌发挥最大抑制作用的质量浓度和培养时间均不同. 相似文献
5.
研究了生防菌哈茨木霉对7种常见病原菌的抑制作用,探索其生防机制.结果表明:对峙培养时木霉菌对小麦纹枯病菌等7种病原菌菌丝生长均有抑制作用,其中对西瓜枯萎病菌的抑制率最高,达44.3%,对水稻恶苗病菌抑制率次之,为41.2%;木霉菌丝提取物对7种病原菌均有抑制效果,对水稻恶苗病菌抑制效果最为明显;显微观察可见木霉对小麦纹枯病菌有重寄生现象,表明生防机制为营养竞争、抗生作用和重寄生. 相似文献
6.
《河南职业技术师范学院学报(职业教育版)》2017,(2)
采用发酵液抑菌法和抑制孢子萌发法测定嗜铁真菌Z-7对禾谷镰孢菌等7种病原菌的抑菌效果.结果表明:Z-7对7种病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用.Z-7发酵液对禾谷镰孢菌、小麦根部病菌有很好的抑制效果,对禾谷镰孢菌的最高抑制率达98.8%;对玉米小斑病菌和小麦根腐病菌的孢子萌发也有较好的抑制作用. 相似文献
7.
8.
以实验中发现的一株细菌（ZXK）为材料,通过摇瓶发酵的方法获得其发酵液,采用对峙培养法和生长速率法分别测定了菌体和发酵液对棉花黄萎病菌Verticillium dahliae,小麦赤霉病菌病菌Gibberella zeae,水稻纹枯病菌Thanatephorus cucumeris,苹果炭疽病菌Glomere Uacingulata小麦纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia cerealis,番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea,辣椒疫霉病菌Phytophthora capsici等7种植物病原真菌的生物活性．结果表明：ZXK菌体及其发酵液对7种病原菌都有较好的抑制作用,ZXK发酵液能够完全抑制苹果炭疽病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、小麦赤霉病菌和小麦纹枯病菌菌丝的生长,对棉花黄萎病菌和番茄灰霉病菌的抑制率也达到了90％以上;发酵液经离心、过滤和高压蒸汽灭菌处理后仍具有生物活性,其中以高压蒸汽灭菌处理的发酵液样品的抑菌活性损失最大． 相似文献
9.
曼陀罗提取物抑菌活性初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
测定了曼陀罗茎、叶和种子的乙醇提取物对10种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性.结果表明:曼陀罗茎、叶乙醇提取物抑菌活性较弱;种子抑菌活性较强,且对供试植物病原真菌具有很强的选择性,在不同病原菌之间抑制效果差异较大,曼陀罗种子提取物能够完全抑制小麦赤霉病菌的生长,对辣椒疫霉病菌的抑制率达到96.91％. 相似文献
10.
测定了中草药对植物病原真菌的室内抑菌作用和田间防效.结果表明,白藓皮对小麦赤霉病、小麦纹枯病菌、小麦黑粉病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、番茄早疫病菌的菌丝生长,对番茄早疫病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、小麦赤霉病菌的孢子萌发具有较强抑制作用,0.2 g/mL白藓皮对番茄早疫病、番茄灰霉病、小麦赤霉病的防效分别为76.3%、82.3%和75.1%;胡椒对小麦纹枯病菌、小麦黑粉病菌、番茄早疫病菌、山芋黑疤病菌的菌丝生长,对番茄早疫病菌孢子萌发具有较强抑制作用,0.2 g/mL胡椒对番茄早疫病防效为74.5%;甘草对番茄早疫病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发有较强抑制作用,0.2 g/mL甘草对番茄早疫病防效为70.9%. 相似文献
11.
采用水蒸气蒸馏法从茵陈中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法测定并分析其化学成分,用归一化法测定其相对含量,结果鉴测出茵陈挥发油含有42个成分,占挥发油总成份的83.2%。 相似文献
12.
应用超临界CO2萃取技术,采用正交实验法,对影响莪术挥发油萃取率大小的萃取压力、萃取温度和CO2流量3个因素进行了研究,最佳工艺为：萃取温度55℃、萃取压力25MPa,CO2流量30L／h,萃取率为8．44％;同时进行了水蒸气蒸馏,挥发油得率为2．31％。并对两种方法提取所得挥发油进行GC—MS成分分析,应用ABTS和FRAP法对两种方法提取莪术挥发组分的抗氧化能力进行了检测及比较,结果显示超临界CO2提取物的成分、得率不同,其抗氧化能力均强于水蒸汽法提取物。 相似文献
13.
Phytoremediation effectiveness and remediation costs are driving factors of this project. Full utilization of plant resources after their being used for phytoremediation is an unsolved problem. GC/MS technique was used to investigate the volatiles of the flowers from Elsholtzia argyi (PFE1: Purple Flower Elsholtzia) and their variation 相似文献
14.
Volatile constituents in the flowers of Elsholtzia argyi and their variation： a possible utilization of plant resources after phytoremediation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Phytoremediation effectiveness and remediation costs are driving factors of this project. Full utilization of plant resources after their being used for phytoremediation is an unsolved problem. GC/MS technique was used to investigate the volatiles of the flowers from Elsholtzia argyi (PFE 1 : Purple Flower Elsholtzia) and their variation (WFE: White Flower Elsholtzia),naturally growing in Pb/Zn mined area, and Elsholtzia argyi (PFE2: Purple Flower Elsholtzia), naturally growing in Jiuxi uncontaminated agriculture soil. Seventeen compounds constituting 86.88% of total essential oils were identified in PFE1, with 2,6-octadienoic acid,3,7-dimethyl-methyl ester being the main constituent (63.30%). Sixteen compounds accounting for 95.32% of total essential oils were identified in WFE, with caryophyllene being the main component (55.02%). Compared to PFE1, PFE2 contained lower level of 2,6-octadienoic acid,3,7-dimethyl-methyl ester (31.76%), which was the main constituent in the total essential oils of PFE2. Caryophyllene is the main ingredient of flavor. Elsholtzia ketone was identified in all the three Elsholtzia plants. It can be concluded that the selected Elsholtzia argyi plants can be exploited on their versatile uses as fragrances and antiseptics due to the perfume ingredient and antibacterial components existing in their essential oils. 相似文献
15.
采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从没药中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其化学成分进行了分析.从中分离并鉴定出41种化学成分,用峰面积归一化法通过数据处理系统得出各化学成分在挥发油中的百分含量,占挥发油总成分的67.95%. 相似文献
16.
INTRODUCTION Among several species of the family Pyro- glyphidae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae, have been found to be the predominant mites of household dust accounting for about 80%~90% of the total mite populations and are important sources of allergens worldwide inside homes in humid geo- graphic areas (Hallas, 1991; Arlian et al., 1992). Both house dust mites are found in homes in various areas of Egypt (Rezk, 2004; Rezk et al., 1996). They are a major cause of res… 相似文献
17.
Rowland Monday Ojo Kayode Anthony Jide Afolayan 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2015,16(8):680-689
Renewed interest in natural materials as food flavors and preservatives has led to the search for suitable essential oils. Moringa oleifera seed essential oil was extracted by solvent-free microwave and hydrodistillation. This study assessed its chemical constituents. Cytotoxicity of the oils was investigated using hatchability and lethality tests on brine shrimps. A total of 16 and 26 compounds were isolated from the hydrodistillation extraction (HDE) and solvent-free microwave extraction (SME) oils, respectively, which accounted for 97.515% and 97.816% of total identifiable constituents, respectively. At 24 h when the most eggs had hatched, values of the SME (56.7%) and HDE (60.0%) oils were significantly different (P<0.05) from those of sea water (63.3%) and chloramphenicol (15.0%). Larva lethality was different significantly (P<0.05) between HDE and SME oils at different concentrations and incubation periods. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of the oils was >1000 mg/ml recommended as an index for non-toxicity, which gives the oil advantage over some antioxidant, antimicrobial, therapeutic, and preservative chemicals. 相似文献
18.
本文以琼脂稀释法测定了茴香醛对10种真菌的最低抑菌浓度.实验发现茴香醛对所试10种真菌均有抑和杀菌作用,对其中自色念珠菌、新型隐球菌及孢子丝菌等条件致病真菌也具有抗真菌活性.其临床意义有待于进一步探讨。 相似文献
19.
20.
采用GC-MS-DS联用技术分析福建产大叶石龙尾叶精油的化学成分,同时运用1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼DPPH.自由基体系、羟基自由基体系及抗脂质体过氧化体系体外评价该精油的抗氧化活性.结果：从49个峰中检识出该精油的45种化学成分,含量占精油总量的99.65%,主要为萜类化合物（72.20%）与芳香族化合物（22.99%）,具有胡椒酚甲醚（17.75%）、[1S-（1α,7α,8aβ）]-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-八氢-1,4-二甲基-7-（1-甲基乙烯基）-甘菊环（13.24%）、石竹烯（11.29%）、Z,Z,Z-1,5,9,9-四甲基-1,4,7-环十一碳三烯（10.92%）、桉油素（6.78%）等主要成分;抗氧化活性检测出该精油具有较强的清除DPPH.自由基、羟基自由基能力,此两种自由基50%清除率所需的样液质量浓度IC50分别为29.980、.69 mg/mL,在50 mg/mL浓度时对卵磷脂脂质体过氧化的抑制率也达50%以上. 相似文献