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1.
苔藓植物(bryophytes)是绿色高等植物中最低等的陆生植物,种类繁多,是自然界重要组成部分。苔藓植物是对环境污染敏感的植物之一,具有监测环境质量的作用,研究苔藓植物中含有的地球化学元素的营养富集特征,对研究苔藓植物的生态功能与开发利用具有重要意义。 相似文献
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3.
<正>在科幻电影《流浪地球2》的结尾部分，550W智能量子计算机出现在镜头中。这台计算机的别名为Moss，即小苔藓。在电影中，一个个智能摄像头就像隐藏于角落里的苔藓植物，暗示了一系列意外背后的始作俑者。现实中的苔藓植物虽然也喜欢隐藏于角落，但浑身充满了“正能量”。苔藓植物体形小、生命力强，能防沙护水，也可用于园林设计、盆景创意，在生态、绿化、活性物质提取等方面都有贡献。小小的苔藓能构造出精美绝伦的微景观，一旦走进那个奇妙的世界，便会让人流连忘返。 相似文献
4.
本文结合地史初步探讨了第三纪以来武夷山苔藓植物可能发生的变化。武夷山的苔藓
植物主要为东亚区系成分和旧热带区系成分，与泛北极区系成分的相似性也相当明显。东亚
特有属(5个)系组成武夷山苔藓植物区系的重要因素之一，它低于黄山和西天目山的9个和
7个，与黄山等组成一个共同的苔藓植物东亚特有属的分布中心。从各方面的分析推测，这 类植物可能起源于第三纪，系一类“孑遗植物”。 相似文献
5.
《内蒙古科技与经济》2017,(4)
苔藓植物在弱光环境下可以长期生存和发展,具有较低的光饱和点和光补偿点。本文对内蒙古鄂尔多斯准格尔旗阿贵庙地区4种苔藓植物的光合色素含量进行了测定,并对其差异特点进行了描述和分析。 相似文献
6.
2005年10月26—28日，“中国苔藓植物学奠基入陈邦杰先生百年寿辰国际学术研讨会”在南京师范大学召开。会议由中国植物学会主办。中国科学院植物研究所和南京师范大学承办，江苏植物研究所协助承办。会议代表80人，分别来自中国、美国、加拿大、芬兰、日本、印度、匈牙利等国，其中包括前国际苔藓植物学会主席，芬兰赫尔辛基大学教授T．Koponen，另外还有25位研究生参加。 相似文献
7.
《内蒙古科技与经济》2016,(7)
通过对呼伦贝尔和锡林郭勒草原苔藓植物标本鉴定、整理及查阅相关文献,通过大分类群、优势科、优势属和区系地理成分的统计分析及与相邻地区大兴安岭南部的比较分析,阐述了该地区苔藓植物区系特征。 相似文献
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10.
本文首次比较了光合作用的荧光光谱和荧光动力学在苔藓植物的原始种类和进化种类之间的异同。原始的和进化的苔藓植物具有发射波长相同的室温荧光光谱，其发射高峰位于686-690nm(来自光系统Ⅱ)和736-740nm(来自光系统Ⅰ)。 而它们的低温(77K)荧光光谱有三个发射峰：F687-689和F697-699来自光系统Ⅱ，F723-734来自光系统I。 前两个峰在原始的和进化的种类中基本相同。 按第三个发射峰可把被测的苔藓植物分为两组：发射峰在725nm左右的有细牛毛藓、长肋对齿藓、对齿藓、斜叶芦荟藓、密集匍灯藓和地钱，它们是较原始的藓类和较进化的苔类；发射峰在732nm左右的有细枝羽藓、东亚金灰藓、鼠尾藓、鳞叶藓、粗枝藓和美灰藓等较进化的藓类，也有较原始的钝叶匍灯藓。已知光系统I核心复合物CPI的77K荧光发射峰在722nm，而CPIa(核心复合物与外周天线复合物)和LHC-I(外周天线复合物)的发射峰在730nm。这说明在苔藓植物进化过程中，光系统Ⅱ比较保守；而光系统Ⅰ有所变化，原始的藓类主要含有光系统Ⅰ核心复合物，而较进化的藓类才含有较完善的外周天线复合物。光合作用荧光动力学分析表明，在原始藓类和地钱中具有较低的光系统Ⅱ活性、光系统Ⅱ的原初光能转换效率、光合碳同化和潜在的光合量子转换效率；而较进化的具有较高的活性和效率。 但是，原始的密集匍灯藓也具有较高的活性和效率，而进化的美灰藓却具有较低的活性和效率。这可能表明这两种植物是由原始向进化发展过程中的中间类型。 相似文献
11.
In the south-east and south Xizang, in cluding Medog, Zayü some western separate
valleys Yadong, Kama near Zentang in Dinggye, Boqu near Zham in Nyalam and
Gyirong, a mild climate prevails because of the very high mountains and the very deep
valleys. According to our preliminary survey, 4/5 of the genera and 7/10 of the
species, i.e. approximately representing all families and genera of the tropical and
subtropical bryofliora of Xizang, are restricted to these localities below the altitude of
2,300 meters. It almost agrees with the previous presumption that the Tsangpo gorge
is the line of connection between two paleoeontinents—Laurasia and Gondwana.
Moreover, the bryoflora of these localities, besides the Indo-Malasian elements and
East Asian elements as the main components, has at least about 40 genera in common
with south America, Australia and Africa. According to the historical phytogeogra-
phical point of view, the distribution range of centain genera is formed through a
period of long historical development. The same is true for the area of different
species, although they are found in widely separate areas right now, yet they might
have once a continuous distribution in certain historical age. The Indian plate collided
against the eastern part of Laurasia and afterwards the Australasian plate moved to
the north. All these might have dispersed the Gondwana elements as far as to the
southeastern part of Xizang.
It is very interesting to note that of the 32 genera of bryophytes endemic to East
Asia, 13 have recently been found in the southeast and south Xizang and also in the
neighbouring regions, i.e. Yunnan, Sichuan, where there are many genera being in
common with southeast and south Xizang and also highly concentrated in distribution.
This may suggest that the Himalayas, being the highest and youngest mountain range,
have changed the atmospheric circulation, and have created a new ecological condition
between tropical and frigid zones, which have given the distribution of the newly form-
ed genera a suitable circumstance to survive. It may be presumed that the region
covering counties Medog, Zayü, Yadong etc. in southeastern and southern parts of the
Himalayas is a new center of distribution of bryophytes under the influence of the up-heaval of the Himalayas. 相似文献
12.
木兰科分类系统的初步研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
刘玉壶 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1984,22(2):89-109
A new system of classification of Magnoliaceae proposed. This paper deals mainly with taxonomy and phytogeography of the family Magnoliaceae on the basis of external morphology, wood anatomy and palynology. Different authors have had different ideas about the delimitation of genera of this family, their controversy being carried on through more than one hundred years (Table I). Since I have been engaged
in the work of the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, I have accumulated a considerable amount of information and material and have investigated the living plants at their natural localities, which enable me to find out the evolutionary tendencies and primitive morphological characters of various genera of the family. According to the evolutionary tendencies of the characters and the geographical distribution of this family I propose a
new system by dividing it into two subfamilies, Magnolioideae and Liriodendroideae Law (1979), two tribes, Magnolieae and Michelieae Law, four subtribes, Manglietiinae Law, Magnoliinae, Elmerrilliinae Law and Micheliinae, and fifteen genera (Fig. 1 ), a system which is different from those by J. D. Dandy (1964-1974) and the other authors.
The recent distribution and possible survival centre of Magnoliaceae. The members of Magnoliaceae are distributed chiefly in temperate and tropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, ——Southeast Asia and southeast North America, but a few genera and species also occur in the Malay Archipelago and Brazil of the Southern Hemisphere. Forty species of 4 genera occur in America, among which one genus (Dugendiodendron) is endemic to the continent, while about 200 species of 14 genera occur in Southeast Asia, of which 12 genera are endemic. In China there are about 110 species of 11 genera which mostly occur in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan; 58 species and more than 9 genera occur in the mountainous districts of Yunnan. Moreover, one genus
(Manglietiastrum Law, 1979) and 19 species are endemic to this region. The family in discussion is much limited to or interruptedly distributed in the mountainous regions of Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan. The regions are found to have a great abundance of species, and the members of the relatively primitive taxa are also much more there than in the other regions of the world.
The major genera, Manglietia, Magnolia and Michelia, possess 160 out of a total of 240 species in the whole family. Talauma has 40 species, while the other eleven genera each contain only 2 to 7 species, even with one monotypic genus. These three major genera are sufficient for indicating the evolutionary tendency and geographical distribution of Magnoliaceae. It is worthwhile discussing their morphological characters and
distributional patterns as follows:
The members of Manglietia are all evergreen trees, with flowers terminal, anthers dehiscing introrsely, filaments very short and flat, ovules 4 or more per carpel. This is considered as the most primitive genus in subtribe Manglietiinae. Eighteen out of a total of 35 species of the genus are distributed in the western, southwest to southeast Yunnan. Very primitive species, such as Manglietia hookeri, M. insignis and M. mega-
phylla, M. grandis, also occur in this region. They are distributed from Yunnan eastwards to Zhejiang and Fujian through central China, south China, with only one species (Manglietia microtricha) of the genus westwards to Xizang. There are several species distributing southwards from northeast India to the Malay Archipelago (Fig. 7).
The members of Magnolia are evergreen and deciduous trees or shrubs, with flowers terminal, anthers dehiscing introrsely or laterally, ovules 2 per carpel, stipule adnate to the petiole. The genus Magnolia is the most primitive in the subtribe Magnoliinae and is the largest genus of the family Magnoliaceae. Its deciduous species are distributed from Yunnan north-eastwards to Korea and Japan (Kurile N. 46’) through Central
China, North China and westwards to Burma, the eastern Himalayas and northeast
India. The evergreen species are distributed from northeast Yunnan (China) to the
Malay Archipelago. In China there are 23 species, of which 15 seem to be very primi-
tive, e.g. Magnolia henryi, M. delavayi, M. officinalis and M. rostrata, which occur in
Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan.
The members of Michelia are evergreen trees or shrubs, with flowers axillary, an-
thers dehiscing laterally or sublaterally, gynoecium stipitate, carpels numerous or few.
Michelia is considered to be the most primitive in the subtribe Micheliinae, and is to
the second largest genus of the family. About 23 out of a total of 50 species of this
genus are very primitive, e.g. Michelia sphaerantha, M. lacei, M. champaca, and M.
flavidiflora, which occur in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan (the distributional center
of the family under discussion) and extend eastwards to Taiwan of China, southern
Japan through central China, southwards to the Malay Archipelago through Indo-China.
westwards to Xizang of China, and south-westwards to India and Sri Lanka (Fig. 7).
The members of Magnoliaceae are concentrated in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan
and radiate from there. The farther away from the centre, the less members we are
able to find, but the more advanced they are in morphology. In this old geographical
centre there are more primitive species, more endemics and more monotypic genera.
Thus it is reasonable to assume that the region of Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan,
China, is not only the centre of recent distribution, but also the chief survival centreof Magnoliaceae in the world. 相似文献
13.
This paper is a preliminary study on the Sabiaceae in aspects of its morphology,
taxonomy and geography. We propose that the Sabioideae and Meliosmoideae as two
new subfamilies of Sabiaceae according to the external morphology, flower structure
and geographical distribution of these two genera respectively.
This paper follows the taxonomic concepts of Luetha Chen on Sabia and C. F.
van Beusekom on Meliosma. We agree with them for their classification of these two
genera above the specific rank. As to the revision work of Sabia by van de Water
and C. F. van Beusekom’s work on Meliosma we disagree for their unduly broad
specific concepts. We rather treat the species of these two genera according to their
habitats in regions on a relatively narrower sense. The genus Sabia of China are
classified into 2 tribes, with 16 species, 5 subspecies and 2 varieties in which 4 sub-
species and l variety are as new combinations, the genus of Meliosma in China are
classified into 2 subgenera with 29 species, and 7 varieties of which 4 varieties are new
combinations.
After examining the affinity of the species of Sabia and Meliosma in China and
its neighboring nations such as Burma, Japan and Bhutan, we found that their migra-
tion initiated from China, as the primitive species of these two genera occured in
northeast and central part of Yunnan, sou theast of Sichuan, north of Guizhou and
west of Hubei, the region may probably be the main origin of these two genera.
As shown in tables 1 & 2, the localities where the species of these two genera den-
sely populate they are from Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guangdong coinciding with the
concepts of C. F. van Beusekom and van de Water about the distribution of exotic
species of these two genera, it may reasonable be pointed out that the center of distri-
bution of these two genera is Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong and nieghboring nations,
upper Burma and northern Vietnam. Futhermore, it may be seen that starting from
this center the number of species become less and less as they proceed far and far awaybut become more advance in evolution. 相似文献
14.
通过半个世纪以来对金佛山近2000号藓类植物标本的鉴定，现确定金佛山藓类植物有40科，133
属和245种(包括4亚种、9变种和1变型)。其区系成分以东亚成分为主(33．77％)，其次为温带成分
(28．57％)及热带、亚热带成分(24．68％)。文内还全面分析了金佛山藓类植物区系及我国南北8个山区藓
类植物区系之间的关系，用排序方法统计它们之间的相似性与非相似性系数，并着重就金佛山藓类植物区 系的过渡性特点作了探讨，提出在该山区与其邻近地区，存在一个苔藓植物东亚特有属的分布中心。 相似文献
15.
徐炳声 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1998,36(5):470-480
Nooteboom和Peter Raven都认为中国的分类学家往往持有狭隘的物种概念,而这是由于他们缺
少足够的标本,尤其是模式标本,因而不能充分研究种的变异性。Raven说这使他相信中国植物分类学
中真正的物种概念颇有模式概念的色彩。他们的说法不无道理。的确,中国的植物区系中可能有大量
的种其真实身份还有讨论的余地。根据单个性状或完全按营养器官性状来命名新种是常有的事。有些
学者甚至把发表新种作为其分类工作的主要目标。现有的、为数非常有限的关于中国植物变异式样研
究的证据证明有些“种”实际上是生态宗(Clinopodium)、地理宗(Cunninghamia和Indigofera)或呈地形
梯度变异式样的分类群(Lespedeza和Rhododendron)而已。根据表型的可塑性变化而命名的种曾经或
仍然被作为“好种”对待(Rorippa)。具各种不同叶形特性的种间杂种的分离系被命名为不同的种
(Ilex)。分类学上本来就已经很复杂的无融合生殖复合体由于新种的不断增加而变得更加复杂
(Malus)。对一个具有复杂变异式样的种的精心研究导致对25个种名的归并,其中有10个是80年代
由中国分类学家发表的(Clematoclethra)。诸如此类的例子随着研究工作的扩大而势必大量增加。传统
植物分类学主要或完全以形态性状为依据。外部形态性状具有比较容易观察和记录的优点。分类学种
概念能满足多种用途分类的需要。但如果把分类学种概念说成是完全凭分类学家个人的主观判断或甚
至偏爱而很难有是非之分就颇成问题了。现在比过去任何时候都有条件对种这个分类阶元作客观的解
释。正确的物种概念来自对植物变异式样及其分类学价值的正确和充分的理解。因此,作为标本室分
类学家,首先要研究尽可能多的标本。其次,尽可能收编来自其他方面的证据是十分可取的。这些证据
即使不是很有用的分类性状,对更好地了解或解释类群的变异式样往往具有重要的意义。分类学家可
借以发现他所寻找的分类群在表型或基因型变异上的间断。对这两种间断的合理应用将导致在许多属内种级水平的更加合理的分类。 相似文献
16.
本文着重运用聚类分析的方法，对河北地区堇菜属植物进行研究，确定本属中组和亚
组的划分界限，并通过对形态学特征和地理分布式样的分析，确认蒙古堇菜(V. mongolica
Franch．)和北京堇菜(V．pekinensis(Regel) W．Beck．)实属同一个种，北京堇菜不应作为
独立的种存在。通过将美丽堇菜组(Sect．Melanium Ging．)与其它类群进行比较，发现差异
很大，超出了组和组间的相似性范围，因而支持Juzepczuk(1949)将它提升为亚属的分类处 理。 相似文献
17.
中国种子植物特有属的数量分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
王荷生 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1985,23(4):241-258
Chinese flora with many endemic elements is highly important in the world’s
flora. According to recent statistics there are about 196 genera of spermatophytes, be-
ing 6.5% of total Chinese genera. These endemic genera comprising 377 species belong
to 68 families, among which the Gesneriaceae (28 genera), Umbelliferae (13), Compo-
sitae (13), Orchidaceae (12) and Labiatae (10) are predominant. The tropical type
containing 24 families and 80 genera is dominant. After it follows the temperate type
with 23 families and 50 genera. There are also 4 families endemic to China, i.e. Gin-
kgoaceae, Bretschneideraceae, Eucommiaceae and Davidiaceae. It shows that genera
endemic to China are obviously related to the tropical and temperate flora in essence.
The endemic monotypic genera (139) and endemic obligotypic genera (48) combin-
ed make up more than 95% of the total number of genera endemic to China. Phylo-
genetically more than half of them are ancient or primitive. The life forms of all ende-
mic genera are also diverse. Herbs, especially perennial herbs, prevail with the propor-
tion of about 62%, and trees and shrubs are the next, with 33%, and the rest are lianas.
Based upon the calculated number of genera endemic to China in each province and
the similarity coefficents between any two provinces, some conclusions may be drawn
as follows:
Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces combined are the distribution centre of genera en-
demic to China and may be their original or differentiation area, because numerous
endemic genera, including various groups, exist in these two provinces. The second is
Guizhou where there are 62 endemic genera. Others form a declining order, south
China, central China and east China. But towards the north China endemic genera de-
crease gradually, and the Qinling Range is an important distributional limit.
The largest simitarity coefficient, over 50%, appears between Shaanxi and Gansu
probably because of the Qinling Range linking these two provinces. But between any
other two provinces it is less than 30% and it is generaly larger between two south pro-
vinces than between two north provinces.
These characteristics mentioned above are correlated with topography and climate,
and they may be resulted from the diversification in geography and climatic influence
for a long time. 相似文献
18.
Ivan Nielsen 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1983,21(2):164-169
Three new combinations, one new synonym, 3 unperfectly known species and 8
distribution maps of 11 species of Chinese and Indo-Chinese Archidendron are pre-
sented in this article, as a supplement of the subject “Notes on the genera Archidendron
F. V. Mueller and Pithecellobium Martius in Mainland S. E. Asia” published in
Adansonia, ser. 2, 19(1): 3—37. 1979.
I am indebted to prof. Wu, head of Taxonomy laboratory of South China Insti-
tute of Botany for translating the article into Chinese and adding some distributivepoints of Chinese species of this genus on the maps. 相似文献
19.
忍冬科的数值分类初试 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
徐炳声 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1983,21(1):26-33
A numerical taxonomic study of Caprifoliaceae is presented. For the sake of ana-
lyzing the resemblances between the 33 species or OUT’s selected at random from the
total 13 genera of the family, a summation of 32 characters was employed in the numeri-
cal analyses. Raw data for each character were given equal weighting by condensa-
tion in order to have adequate comparisons, and the characters were converted to 51
states, each with a new range of zero to one. Owing to the lack of sufficient data from
other lines for numerical analyses, the characters used in this study were largely mor-
phological. The estimation of the coefficient resemblance between each pair or OUT’s
was established using the association coefficient method. The resulting values com-
prise the 33×33 OUT’s basic similarity matrix. The clustering technique used was
unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA).
It can be stated that the scheme of phenetic relationships shown in the resultant
dendrogram (Fig. 1) is on the whole in accord with the concepts hold by most current
taxonomists, but with some noteworthy exceptions. If the phenon line of tribal de-
markation is drawn at the level of 0.6820, the OUT’s could be roughly divided into
five groups or tribes. The fact that the highest degree of correlation between Group
I Sambuceae and Group II Viburneae on the one hand, and the great distance between
them and the rest genera of the family on the other hand agrees well with the data
obtained from morphological (Troll and Weberling, 1966), anatomical (Wilkinson,
1949, Metcalfe and Chalk, 1950), embryological (Moissl, 1941), sereological (Hillebrand
and Fairbrother, 1970), and phytochemical (Bohm and Glennie, 1971) researches.
These two tribes are most probably members of different phylogenetic origin. Trioste-
um and Symphoricarpos both show their affinities with Leycesteria of Group V
Lonicereae instead of Group III Linnaeea or Group II Viburneae as suggested by
some taxonomists, and thus supports the opinion of Troll and Weberling (1966), who
suggested that these two genera are members of the tribe Lonicereae. The location of
the phylogenetically uncertain genus Heptacodium in the dendrogram shows its close
morphological similarity to the tribe Linnaeeae.
Because of the relatively small number of characters considered in this work, and
“taxonomic judgement” was used in selecting these characters which appeared to be
most “basic” to the classification of genera in the family, as well as the limitation of
numerical taxonomy in itself, the resultant scheme of tribal relationships presented
in this paper is by no means phylogenetic, but one that provides an excellent checkon ordinary taxonomic procedures. 相似文献