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对新时期中国体育社团建设问题的理性思考 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
完成中国体育体制改革必须进行体育的社会化,这是新时期中国体育发展的客观要求,符合现代体育运动自身的发展规律,也是解决新时期我国体育社团建设问题的途径。定位中国体育社团的社会化路径,打破体育社团与政府职能错位的旧体制,使得权利在政府与社会间“回归自然”,在促进中国体育事业中发挥出作用。 相似文献
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体育社团与体育体制改革 总被引:26,自引:2,他引:24
实现中国体育的社会化必须依靠体育社团。这是中国体育体制改革的必然要求,符合现代体育运动自身发展规律,也是解决目前我国体育事业局长中遇到的一系列问题的途径,当然外我国体育社团的发展取得了一定成绩,同时也存在着很多问题,绝大多数体育社团并不具备完整意义上的社团性质。阻碍社团发展的原因是多方面的,其关键就是权力与利益的分配问题。 相似文献
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中国与德国体育管理体制的比较研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
文章运用文献资料、比较分析等方法,对中国与德国的体育管理体制及运行机制进行了比较,中国的体育管理体制处于政府主导型向政府与体育社团结合型转变的过程中,并且新旧双重体育管理体制及运行机制并存局面会持续一个较长的时期,倡导社会体育组织参与体育管理,使体育社会化。德国的体育管理体制是体育社团主导型,社会体育组织具有高度的权威性、自治性,近几年开始逐渐强化政府的职能(主要是针对公益体育活动的拨款)。 相似文献
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体育社团实体化发展新探 总被引:25,自引:3,他引:22
研究目的为探索群众体育组织网络的社会化发展。主要采用文献资料、调查等研究方法。从哲学、法学和经济学的基础理论中探求社团实体化的理论依据。主要结果:在市场经济体制下体育社团实体化发展的5项内涵:即成员的主体化、纲领的务实化、组织管理的一体化、物资的实力化、经济的实体化等,这是体育社团持续发展的本质特征和建设基础。 相似文献
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加强和创新社会管理,是经济社会发展的要求,对体育领域来说,参与社会管理与创新同样是我们的任务和使命。体育要体现其独特的作用,提供体育公共服务,践行各群体的均等化,以体育的方式,探索对各种群体的管理。社会管理创新中的浙江体育社团,任重道远,推进体育社团社会化、实体化,规范体育社团发展管理,提高自身建设,在社会管理创新中发挥体育社团应有的作用。 相似文献
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体育社会化功能研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
马乃欣 《西安体育学院学报》2005,22(4):24-27
通过文献资料法、逻辑推理法探讨研究了体育社会化的特点、内涵、作用以及体育在人的社会化发展过程中是如何发挥其社会化功能的。体育是对人产生良好社会化功能的重要途径和手段之一,与其他社会化手段和途径相比较,体育社会化功能具有自身的独特性和不可替代性。体育社会化功能可以增强人的体质、促进人的智力和非智力因素发展、培养人遵守社会规范意识以及确立正确的社会角色。体育社会化功能具有双面性,必须正确利用否则,体育社会化功能也会对人的发展产生负面作用。 相似文献
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运用实地调查法、访谈法和案例分析法探讨沪、苏、粤三地政府培育发展体育社会组织的实践。研究发现,上海创新政府购买赛事服务长效机制,体育社团内在活力持续激发;江苏吸引社会力量参与体育社团建设,体育社团实体化社会化程度日益显著;广东重视体育组织规范化治理,体育组织发展多元扶持体系逐步完善。但仍存在着培育制度有待完善、政府职能转移力度不够、对奥运项目体育组织和非奥运项目体育组织的扶持欠均衡和体育社会组织自身较为弱小等问题。研究认为,政府应尽快完善培育体育社会组织的制度设计,强化非奥运项目体育社会组织的扶持力度,加快政府职能转变推动简政放权,提高体育社会组织业务能力水平等。 相似文献
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体育社团是国家发展体育运动的主要组织形式,是高校社团组织的重要组成部分,它可以促进高校体育工作的深入开展,促进终身体育发展,体育社团的规范化管理可以加速体育社团进步,促进校园精神文明建设,使体育社团实现可持续发展。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论,体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关,体育与教育部分重叠,体育与宗教最为近缘,体育可借用科学手段,体育的艺术禀性日益明显,体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献
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影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用:一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成(外周疲劳),另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降(中枢疲劳).对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。 相似文献