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1.
Field experiments were conducted in farmers’ rice fields in 2001 and 2002 to study the effects of nitrogen (N) management
strategies on N use efficiency in recovery (RE), agronomy (AE) and physiology (PE) and redistribution of dry matter accumulation
(DMA) and nitrogen accumulation (NA) in two typical rice cultivars in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province. This study aimed mainly at
identifying the possible causes of poor fertilizer N use efficiency (NUE) of rice in Zhejiang by comparing farmers’ fertilizer
practice (FFP) with advanced site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) and real-time N management (RTNM). The results showed
that compared to FFP, SSNM and RTNM reduced DMA and NA before panicle initiation and increased DMA and NA at post-flowering.
There is no significant difference between SSNM and FFP in post-flowering dry matter redistribution (post-DMR) and post-flowering
nitrogen redistribution (post-NR). These results suggest that high input rate of fertilizer N and improper fertilizer N timing
are the main factors causing low NUE of irrigated rice in the farmer’s routine practice of Zhejiang. With SSNM, about 15%
of the current total N input in direct-seeding early rice and 45% in single rice could be reduced without yield loss in Zhejiang,
China.
Project supported by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC),
the Potash & Phosphate Institute and the Potash & Phosphate Institute of Canada (PPI-PPIC), the International Fertilizer Industry
Association (IFA), the International Potash Institute (IPI), and 948 Project of the Ministry of Agriculture of China (No.
2003-Z53) 相似文献
2.
A new site-specific nutrient management approach was developed to break the apparent attainable yield barrier of 6 t·ha−1 in the double rice cropping system of Zhejiang. On-farm experiments involving 21 rice-growing farmer families and NPK long-term
experiments commenced in 1997 in the central part of Zhejiang Province to assess the status of soil fertility and productivity
under intensive rice-rice cropping. A new site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) approach has been developed for this studied
area. Field-specific fertilizer recommendations are calculated considering indigenous nutrient supply, reasonable grain yield
targets and corresponding nutrient demand, nutrient balance and nutrient use efficiency, as well as socio-economic factors.
The agronomic performance of SSNM was tested against the farmer's fertilizer practice (FFP) in four 1998–1999 cropping seasons.
Across seasons and years, SSNM consistently increased plant nutrient uptake, grain yield and profit by about 10%–15% compared
to the FFP. Yield levels of 7.5 t·ha−1 or more seem achievable and sustainable through introduction of SSNM and improved extension services in Zhejiang Province.
Project supported by the International Fertilizer Industry Association(IFA), the Potash and Phosphate Institute, Canada (PPIC),
and International Potash Institute(IPI). 相似文献
3.
Targeted yield concept and a framework of fertilizer recommendation in irrigated rice domains of subtropical India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bera R Seal A Bhattacharyya P Das TH Sarkar D Kangjoo K 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2006,7(12):963-968
Soil test crop response （STCR） correlation studies were carried out in Vindhyan alluvial plain during 2001 to 2004 taking IR-36 as test crop to quantify rice production in the context of the variability of soil properties and use of balanced fertilizers based on targeted yield concept. The soils were developed on gently sloping alluvial plain with different physiographic settings and notable variation in drainage condition. Soil properties show moderate variation in texture （loamy to clay）, organic carbon content （4.4 to 9.8 g/kg）, cation exchange capacity （10,2 to 22.4 cmol （p＋）/kg） and pH （5.3 to 6,4）, Soil fertility status for N is low to medium （224 to 348 kg/ha）, P is medium to high （87 to 320 kg/ha） and K ranges from medium to high （158 to 678 kg/ha）. Database regarding nutrient requirement in kg/t of grain produce （NR）, the percent contribution from the soil available nutrients [CS （%）] and the percent contribution from the applied fertilizer nutrients [CF （%）] were computed for calibrating and fbrmulating fertilizer recommendations. Validity of the yield target for 7 and 8 t/ha was tested in farmers＇ fields and yields targets varied at less than 10%. The percent achievement of targets aimed at different level was more than 90%, indicating soil test based fertilizer recommendation approach was economically viable within the agro-ecological zone with relatively uniform cropping practices and socio-economic conditions. 相似文献
4.
A comparative study on the photosynthetic parameters among intergeneric progenies derived from Oryza sativa L.×Sorghum vulgare L., its maternal parent Gui 630 and commercial 3-line hybrid rice Shanyou 63 in pot experiment in greenhouse was conducted. The morphological and photosynthetic characters of canopy leaves and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters including Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, photochemical quenching coefficient and non-photochemical coefficient of canopy leaves of 3 varieties were measured. The results showed the progeny, Yuanyou 1, derived from an intergeneric cross of rice and sorghum possesses better canopy spatial architecture with thicker, heavier and bigger canopy leaf than its maternal parent Gui 630. Higher photosynthetic rate due to higher chlorophyll content, higher primary energy transformation efficiency, potential of PSII and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qE) were also measured in Yuanyou 1. These explain partly why the intergeneric progeny has higher biomass production, and better tolerance to adverse conditions and higher field yields even under stress conditions. 相似文献
5.
A NEW APPROACH TO INCREASE THE ATTAINABLE RICE YIELD IN INTENSIVE IRRIGATED RICE SYSTEMS OF ZHEJIANG PROVINCE, CHINA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＺｈｅｊｉａｎｇＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｌｏｃａｔｅｄｉｎｓｏｕｔｈｅａｓｔｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａｂｅｌｏｎｇｓｔｏｔｈｅｓｕｂｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌｃｌｉｍａｔｉｃｚｏｎｅｗｉｔｈｗａｒｍｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ (ｍｅａｎｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ 1 5-1 8℃ )ａｎｄａｄｅｑｕａｔｅｒａｉｎｆａｌｌ (ａｎｎｕａｌｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａ ｔｉｏｎ 1 1 0 0 -1 90 0ｍｍ) .Ｏｆｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｏｆ1 .62ｍｉｌ ｌｉｏｎｈａｃｕｌｔｉｖａｔｅｄｌａｎｄｉｎｔｈｉｓｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ ,1 .2 7ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎｈａａｒｅｒ… 相似文献
6.
Studies on nutrient uptake of rice and characteristics of soil microorganisms in a long-term fertilization experiments for irrigated rice 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The ecosystem characteristics of soil microorganism and the nutrient uptake of irrigated rice were investigated in a split-block experiment with different fertilization treatments, including control (no fertilizer application), PK, NK, NP, NPK fertilization, in the main block, and conventional rice and hybrid rice comparison, in the sub block. Average data of five treatments in five years indicated that the indigenous N supply (INS) capacity 相似文献
7.
A comparative study on the photosynthetic parameters among intergeneric progenies derived fromOryza sativa L.×Sorghum vulgare L., its maternal parent Gui 630 and commercial 3-line hybrid rice Shanyou 63 in pot experiment in greenhouse was conducted.
The morphological and photosynthetic characters of canopy leaves and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters includingF
v/F
m,F
v/F
0, photochemical quenching coefficient and non-photochemical coefficient of canopy leaves of 3 varieties were measured. The
results showed the progeny, Yanyou 1, derived from an intergeneric cross of rice and sorghum possesses better canopy spatial
architecture with thicker, heavier and bigger canopy leaf than its maternal parent Gui 630. Higher photosynthetic rate due
to higher chlorophyll content, higher primary energy transformation efficiency, potential of PSII and non-photochemical quenching
coefficient (q
E) were also measured in Yuanyou 1. These explain partly why the intergeneric progeny has higher biomass production, and better
tolerance to adverse conditions and higher field yields even under stress conditions. 相似文献
8.
Bread wheat varieties as influenced by different nitrogen levels 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
INTRODUCTION Dera Ismail Khan lies in Pakistan’s arid zone (71.07° longitude, 31.57° latitude and 500 m above sea level). This zone is in the extreme south of (NWFP) Pakistan at the bank of the River Indus. Dera Ismail Khan is bounded by Sulaiman Range to the West, the Indus River on the East, Marwat and Bhit- tani Ranges on the North and Vehowa Nala (Punjab) on the South. Besides certain local variability the area is comprised of four basic divisions viz mountains, a series … 相似文献
9.
0．1～0．4mmol／LCa~(2 )能有效地促进杂交水稻幼苗的生长；提高叶片中的叶绿素含量和净光合作用速率，以及植株中的可溶性淀粉和蛋白质含量；降低叶片中的可溶性糖含量；增加植株的有效穗、结实率、千粒重和谷产量．当Ca~(2 )浓度超过0．4mmol／L时，则促进作用减弱． 相似文献
10.
属间远缘杂交水稻耐铁毒性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以吉田昌—培养液为对照，添加不同浓度ＦｅＳＯ４作为铁毒胁迫处理，对二个属间远缘杂交水稻“远诱１号”和“遗传工程水稻１号”及三系杂交组合“汕优６３”二叶龄幼苗进行耐铁毒性比较鉴定．试验结果表明，３个试验材料的耐铁毒性以高粱稻远诱１号及三系稻汕优６３较强，遗传工程水稻１号耐铁毒性相对较弱．根据溶液中Ｆｅ２＋／Ｆｅ３＋的变化规律，稻体内持铁量的差异，稻株根系氧化力的区别，拒斥可能是汕优６３的耐铁毒性生理基础，遗传工程水稻１号的耐性机制为容耐，而远诱１号的耐铁生理基础兼具拒斥与氧化双重机制而偏倚于主动氧化机制．体内钾、硅、镁、钙含量与铁离子含量密切相关，丰富的钾、硅、镁可以改善水稻的耐铁毒性 相似文献
11.
Torsten Husén 《Prospects》1991,21(2):169-188
Professor Emeritus of International Education at the University of Stock-holm and President of the International Academy of
Education. Former Director of the Institute of Educational Research (1971–82), chairman of the Governing Board of the International
Institute for Educational Planning (1970–80) and Chairman of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational
Achievement (1962–78). He is the author of some fifty books and hundreds of articles. 相似文献
12.
以8个杂交籼稻品种(组合)为材料,在防雨棚内进行盆栽试验,研究了孕穗期干旱胁迫对水稻部分性状及产量的影响。结果表明:孕穗期干旱胁迫使水稻株高、穗长、一次分枝数、有效穗数、穗实粒数、生物产量、经济产量下降,生育期延长;其中新两优6号、新两优香4号、新两优6380、两优0293经济产量分别位于第一至第四位,产量分别为83.11、82.88、79.08、78.02g/盆,且较正常水分灌溉减产幅度仅为4.3%、5.0%、5.2%、10.3%。因此,新两优6号、新两优香4号、新两优6380、两优0293四个品种适宜在沿淮缺水地区推广种植。 相似文献
13.
对岐山县2004—2007年小麦生产资料进行分析,结果表明：建立小麦穗行圃、原种田,提纯复壮主栽品种,依据生态区域、品种类型、水肥条件合理布局,发挥良种增产潜能,是大面积丰产的策略;深翻改土,秸秆还田,增施肥料,培肥地力,涵养水源,是丰产的基础;测土配肥,节水灌溉,提高肥水利用率,是丰产的关键;推迟播期,合理密植,规格播种,培育壮苗,建立高产低耗的群体、产量结构,是丰产的核心;分类指导,科学调控,综合防治病虫草害,减轻灾害损失,是丰产的保证;降雨充沛,时空分布比较合理,光热资源充足,是丰产的保障。 相似文献
14.
氮肥运筹方式对抛栽杂交水稻穗部性状、抗倒性能及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在总施氮(尿素)量600 kg/hm2条件下,研究了氮肥运筹方式对抛栽杂交水稻穗部性状、抗倒性能及产量的影响。结果表明:在氮肥总量相同的情况下,减少基肥、增加分蘖肥用量能增加有效穗数;减少基、蘖肥增加孕穗肥用量使穗长、一次分枝数、二次分枝及穗粒数增加,但抗倒性能下降;减少基、蘖肥增加粒肥往往会导致减产。各处理中,以基肥:分蘖肥:孕穗肥:粒肥为3:2:1:0的处理产量最高,达到11526kg/hm2,较对照增产20.43%,达极显著水平。因此,抛栽杂交水稻氮肥施用基肥:分蘖肥:孕穗肥:粒肥以3:2:1:0为宜。 相似文献
15.
本文研究了密度、行距、氮肥对大豆产量及产量构成因素的独立效应和综合效应。提出了大豆亩产200公斤密度与行距的合理配置方式,及经济有效的氮肥施用量和施用期,对大豆高产低成本栽培有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
16.
Remote sensing techniques have the potential to provide information on agricultural crops quantitatively, instantaneously
and above all nondestructively over large areas. Crop simulation models describe the relationship between physiological processes
in plants and environmental growing conditions. The integration between remote sensing data and crop growth simulation model
is an important trend for yield estimation and prediction, since remote sensing can provide information on the actual status
of the agricultural crop. In this study, a new model (Rice-SRS) was developed based mainly on ORYZA1 model and modified to
accept remote sensing data as input from different sources. The model can accept three kinds of NDVI data: NOAA AVHRR(LAC)-NDVI,
NOAA AVHRR(GAC)-NDVI and radiometric measurements-NDVI. The integration between NOAA AVHRR (LAC) data and simulation model
as applied to Rice-SRS resulted in accurate estimates for rice yield in the Shaoxing area, reduced the estimating error to
1.027%, 0.794% and (−0.787%) for early, single, and late season respectively. Utilizing NDVI data derived from NOAA AVHRR
(GAC) as input in Rice-SRS can yield good estimation for rice yield with the average error (−7.43%). Testing the new model
for radiometric measurements showed that the average estimation error for 10 varieties under early rice conditions was less
than 1%.
Project supported by the National Defense Scientific and Technological Committee of China(No. Y97#14-6-2) 相似文献
17.
Chang Tian Xuan Zhou Qiang Liu Jian-wei Peng Wen-ming Wang Zhen-hua Zhang Yong Yang Hai-xing Song Chun-yun Guan 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2016,17(10):775-786
Background
Nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) are critical nutrient elements necessary for crop plant growth and development. However, excessive inputs will lead to inefficient usage and cause excessive nutrient losses in the field environment, and also adversely affect the soil, water and air quality, human health, and biodiversity.Methods
Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) on seed yield, plant growth, nutrient uptake, and fertilizer usage efficiency for early ripening rapeseed (Xiangzayou 1613) in the red-yellow soil of southern China during 2011–2013. It was grown using a soluble fertilizer (SF) and the same amounts of CRF, such as SF1/CRF1 (3750 kg/hm2), SF2/CRF2 (3000 kg/hm2), SF3/CRF3 (2250 kg/hm2), SF4/CRF4 (1500 kg/hm2), SF5/CRF5 (750 kg/hm2), and also using no fertilizer (CK).Results
CRF gave higher seed yields than SF in both seasons by 14.51%. CRF4 and SF3 in each group achieved maximum seed yield (2066.97 and 1844.50 kg/hm2, respectively), followed by CRF3 (1929.97 kg/hm2) and SF4 (1839.40 kg/hm2). There were no significant differences in seed yield among CK, SF1, and CRF1 (P>0.05). CRF4 had the highest profit (7126.4 CNY/hm2) and showed an increase of 12.37% in seed yield, and it decreased by 11.01% in unit fertilizer rate compared with SF4. The branch number, pod number, and dry matter weight compared with SF increased significantly under the fertilization of CRF (P<0.05). The pod number per plant was the major contributor to seed yield. On the other hand, the N, P, and K uptakes increased at first and then decreased with increasing the fertilizer rate at maturity, and the N, P, and K usage efficiency decreased with increasing the fertilizer rate. The N, P, and K uptakes and usage efficiencies of the CRF were significantly higher than those of SF (P<0.05). The N accumulation and N usage efficiency of CRF increased by an average of 13.66% and 9.74 percentage points, respectively, compared to SF. In conclusion, CRF significantly promoted the growth of rapeseed with using total N as the base fertilizer, by providing sufficient N in the later growth stages, and last by reducing the residual N in the soil and increasing the N accumulation and N usage efficiency.18.
Xie JK Kong XL Chen J Hu BL Wen P Zhuang JY Bao JS 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2011,12(7):518-526
Rice straw is always regarded as a by-product of rice production, but it could be a significant energy source for ruminant
animals. Knowledge of the genetic variation and genetic architecture of cell wall traits will facilitate rice breeders by
improving relevant traits through selective breeding and genetic engineering. The common wild rice, Oryza rufipogon Griff., which is considered to be the progenitor of Oryza sativa, has been widely utilized for the identification of genes of agronomic importance for rice genetic improvement. In the present
study, the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent
lignin (ADL), and ADL/NDF ratio was carried out in two environments using a backcrossed inbred line (BIL) population derived
from a cross between the recurrent parent Xieqingzao B (XB) and an accession of Dongxiang wild rice (DWR). The results indicated
that all four traits tested were continuously distributed among the BILs, but many BILs showed transgressive segregation.
A total of 16 QTLs were identified for the four traits, but no QTLs were in common in two environments, suggesting that environment
has dramatic effects on fiber and lignin syntheses. Compared to the QTL positions for grain yield-related traits, there were
no unfavorable correlations between grain yield components and cell wall traits in this population. The QTLs identified in
this study are useful for the development of dual-purpose rice varieties that are high in grain yield and are also high in
straw quality. 相似文献
19.
辉县市玉米“3414”肥料效应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据玉米氮、磷、钾＂3414＂回归设计田间试验测得的数据,分别建立以玉米产量为目标函数的NPK、NP、NK、PK、N、P、K 3类7种肥力效应模型,求出每种肥效模型的高产最优施肥量,在此基础上,进一步对各种施肥模型提供的施肥量及产量期望的经济效益分析,决选出辉县市玉米生产的推荐施肥量为：施纯N 252.54 kg/hm2、P2O5 184.25 kg/hm2、K2O 150.63 kg/hm2,产量期望10 437.64 kg/hm2,产投比6.32. 相似文献
20.
Pakistani wheat varieties are grown over a wide agro-climatic range and as such are anticipated to exhibit yield and quality differences. It is therefore necessary to investigate the nutritional status of wheat varieties in terms of biochemical and physiochemical characteristics available for food and nutritional purposes in Pakistan. The result shows that wheat grains of different varieties contain a net protein level of 9.15%～10.27%, 2.15%～2.55% total fats, 1.72%～1.85% dietary fibers,77.65×10^-6～84.25×10^-6 of potassium and 7.70× 10 6～35.90× 10^-6 of sodium ions concentration, 0.24× 10^-6～0.84× 10^-6 of phosphorus, 1.44%～2.10% ash, 31.108～43.602 g of thousand grain mass （TGM） and 8.38%～9.67% moisture contents. This study is significant in providing an opportunity to explore the available wheat varieties and to further improve their nutritional excellence and also essential for setting nutritional regulations for domestic and export purposes. 相似文献