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负重跑训练对老龄大鼠肌肉丢失的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究目的:探讨负重跑训练对老龄大鼠肌肉丢失的影响.研究方法:以8只4月龄雄性SD大鼠为成年对照组,以32只17月龄SD雄性大鼠为老龄组被试,32只17月龄大鼠被随机分为4组,分别为安静对照组、无负重跑组、30%最大负荷负重跑和60%最大负荷负重跑组.经过6周的负重跑训练后,将不同负荷的3组训练组大鼠肌肉组织学特征与成年和老年安静组大鼠进行对照.研究结果:30%最大强度的负重跑训练能够有效抑制肌肉丢失,提高肌肉抗氧化水平.结论:适宜负荷的负重跑训练可以有效地逆转衰老大鼠肌纤维分型的退化,抑制衰老性肌肉丢失. 相似文献
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目的:研究不同负荷负重跑训练对老龄大鼠骨骼肌内MG29蛋白(Mitsugumin29)表达的影响,探寻衰老性肌肉丢失(Sarcopenia)及其可训练性的机理.方法:32只17月龄的雄性Wistar大鼠被随机分为较大负荷运动组(HG)、中等负荷运动组(MG)和较小负荷运动组(LG)和对照组(CG),运动组各鼠分别负重其最大负荷的30%、50%和60%进行跑台训练8周,每周6次,周日休息,每次跑2 min,间隔2 min为1组,共训练6组.每周称量所有大鼠体重,8周后取材,光镜下观测骨骼肌的一般形态,测定各鼠股直肌中段的匀浆脂褐质浓度、钙浓度,并采用Western Blot法测定股直肌中段的MG29蛋白的表达水平.结论:1)较小或中等强度的间歇负重跑运动对于延缓老龄大鼠骨骼肌的衰老来说是比较适宜的运动刺激,它能够有效提高骨骼肌内MG29蛋白的表达水平,从而使骨骼肌维持正常的兴奋收缩偶联结构,并促进胞外钙流入,从而保持或增强骨骼肌的正常收缩功能,相对降低细胞内的自由基水平,从而延缓了因衰老所致肌肉萎缩、丢失.2)较大强度的间歇负重跑运动是不适宜的运动刺激,该强度下运动使MG29蛋白水平减低,可能使骨骼肌的收缩功能减弱,且骨骼肌内的自由基水平显著升高,脂褐质大量蓄积. 相似文献
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极低频电磁场能加快组织愈合、促进细胞分化等,但是对骨骼肌钝挫伤后恢复过程中的作用研究甚少.用极低频电磁场对骨骼肌钝挫伤大鼠模型进行处理,并通过组织学观察及生理、生化相关指标检测来分析判断ELFMF对骨骼肌损伤恢复的影响.结果发现,与假暴露组相比,磁场暴露组肌细胞排列更整齐,炎性细胞浸润少,细胞水肿程度轻,核内移现象少;磁场暴露组、注射bFGF组肌纤维排列紊乱程度、Z线飘移程度均较轻;极低频电磁场处理,能显著降低钝挫伤后血清CK、LDH及ALP水平.因此,极低频电磁场通过改变钝挫伤后腓肠肌肌细胞核增生,加快线粒体自身修复速度,减少肌细胞膜的通透性,加速受损肌细胞有氧代谢能力的恢复.极低频电磁场通过影响肌细胞核及线粒体的增生,缓解受损骨骼肌的能量危机,从而加速受损肌组织恢复速度. 相似文献
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目的:探讨游泳运动对衰老大鼠学习记忆能力、脑自由基代谢及乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)活性和海马CA1、CA3、DG区nNOS表达的影响。方法:选择40只24月龄SD衰老大鼠,随机分为衰老对照组、衰老运动组,20只5月龄大鼠为成年对照组。对照组在笼内正常生活,衰老运动组采用递增负荷游泳训练,连续8周。8周后检测大鼠脑自由基SOD、GSH-px、MDA及大脑AchE的活性,利用八臂迷宫测试大鼠空间学习记忆能力,采用免疫组织化学结合图像半定量方法对海马CA1、CA3及DG区nNOS神经元的表达进行测量和分析。结果:(1)与衰老对照组比较,衰老运动组参考记忆错误次数及总记忆错误次数均显著减少,完成八臂迷宫的时间显著缩短;(2)与衰老对照组比较,衰老运动组大鼠SOD活性显著增强,MDA含量减少,AchE活性均显著减弱;(3)免疫组化结果:衰老对照组大鼠海马CA1、CA3、DG区nNOS免疫阳性细胞数量和面积均显著低于衰老运动组,衰老运动组DG区nNOS免疫阳性细胞灰度值显著增加。结论:长期游泳运动可提高衰老大鼠的学习记忆能力,机理可能与游泳运动提高衰老大鼠抗氧化能力、改善受损的中枢胆碱能系统及增强大鼠海马CA1、CA3、DG区nNOS的表达有关。 相似文献
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力竭运动对大鼠心房肌心钠素致密颗粒的影响 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
对力竭大鼠心房肌细胞的心钠素电子致密颗粒进行了透射电镜观察。结果表明,心钠素电子致密颗粒在有训练游泳力竭组大鼠左、右心房肌细胞大量增加,而无训练游泳力竭组的大鼠,仅右心房肌细胞有少量心钠素颗粒。两力竭组大鼠的心房肌超微结构均出现不同程度的损伤,尤其是无训练游泳力竭组大鼠的心房肌细胞超微结构损伤更严重。 相似文献
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<正> 一、骨骼肌是引起人体运动的动力系统肌肉包括骨骼肌、心肌和平滑肌。我们通常所说的肌肉指的是骨骼肌。肌肉组织主要由具有收缩机能的肌细胞和少量细胞间质构成。肌细胞即肌纤维,为一长圆柱形细胞。许多肌纤维排列成束,由肌束膜包绕。许多肌束聚集在一起构成一块肌肉,由肌外膜包绕。肌肉和神经是人体内紧密相连的两种基本组织,所以它们具有一些共同的特性,如兴奋性和传导性。此外,肌肉还具有一些本身特有的理化和生理特性,如伸展性、弹性、粘滞性,以及兴奋性和收缩性。肌 相似文献
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跑台运动对不同月龄大鼠空间学习和记忆能力的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
目的:探讨跑台运动对不同月龄大鼠空间学习和记忆的影响.方法:实验采用1月龄和13月龄Sprague-Dawley雄性大鼠,随机分为4组(n=10):1月龄安静对照组、1月龄跑台运动组、13月龄安静对照组、13月龄跑台运动组,其中,跑台运动组大鼠以中等强度进行为期1周的跑台运动;然后使用Morris水迷宫,对各组大鼠的定位航行和空间探索能力进行分析.结果:在定位航行试验中,两个运动组大鼠寻找到平台的潜伏期要明显短于相应的安静对照组(P<0.01);1月龄跑台运动组大鼠的潜伏期要少于13月龄跑台运动组(P<0.05).在空间探索试验中,两个运动组大鼠在原平台象限探索时间百分比要明显多于其相应的安静对照组(P<0.05).此外,1月龄跑台运动组大鼠穿过原平台的次数明显多于其安静对照组(P<0.05)和13月龄跑台运动组(P<0.05).13月龄大鼠的两组之间并无差异.结论:跑台运动可以促进大鼠的空间学习和记忆能力,而且,这种作用效果在幼龄期表现得更加明显. 相似文献
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衰老性肌肉丢失是由衰老引起肌肉质量下降和肌肉力量减弱.在机械刺激和组织损伤的情况下,机械生长因子MGF出现表达,具有增加肌肉质量的能力,另外还可能受到生长激素的影响.衰老进程中,骨骼肌MGF表达下降,激活有限的卫星细胞,不能完全修复受损细胞.而运动影响衰老骨骼肌MGF表达,进而减缓衰老性肌肉丢失的发生. 相似文献
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目前关于运动性肌损伤的研究主要集中在雌激素在对抗肌纤维损伤方面的潜在性保护作用.已经证实雌激素在保护心肌上有强的抗氧化能力,但还不清楚在骨骼肌方面是否也有抗氧化的保护作用.在人和大鼠研究中,离心和耐力运动后雌性的肌酸激酶活性要低于雄性.因为肌酸激酶通常作为肌损伤的间接指标,这就提示雌性的肌肉可能损伤较少.然而,这些发现可能反映了雌激素的膜的稳定性效应,一些研究表明在损伤性记录中雄性和雌性肌肉无组织学差异.最近研究表明雌激素在肌损伤后的炎症反应中有作用.笔者回顾了肌损伤和修复的过程,探讨了雌激素在这些过程和肌损伤中的可能的效应和潜在的作用.提出了肌损伤和修复的可能模型. 相似文献
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目的:显示运动训练前、后肌肉(肌群)温度分布及其变化,探讨红外热像方法用于肌肉锻炼定性、定位和定量评价的可能性和价值.方法:应用红外热像仪对健康志愿受试者的肢体屈伸运动、展臂、俯卧撑和不同负重量运动前、后的相应肌群进行观察,显示肌肉的红外热像图及其变化,分析和比较肌肉运动前、后温度变化以及与运动时间和负重的关系.结果:1)肢体屈伸运动后相应的肌肉出现明显的升温反应,热像图对该反应显示清晰.2)做上抬足跟、屈肘、屈腕、展臂、扩胸和俯卧撑等运动后,受到运动的肌肉(肌群)温度大幅升高,而相邻非主要运动肌肉温度的升高有限.结论:训练后肌肉的升温与是否得到训练直接相关,红外热像图对肌肉的升温反应可以被记录和显示,用红外热像方法对运动训练的效果进行评价具有图像直观定性、定位和动态监测的优势. 相似文献
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对肌肉生物力学研究中有关问题的探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用文献资料综述的研究方法，依据目前大量的肌肉生物力学研究成果，对研究内容、研究方法及体育运动中人体肌肉表现出的机能和生物力学特征等方面，进行较全面的探讨。内容主要涉及离体肌肉、在体肌肉、体育运动中下肢肌肉活动等，并提出有关问题进行讨论。 相似文献
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Julie A. Hides Tim Oostenbroek Melinda M. Franettovich Smith M. Dilani Mendis 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(24):2303-2311
ABSTRACTLow back pain (LBP) is a common problem in football (soccer) players. The effect of LBP on the trunk and hip muscles in this group is unknown. The relationship between LBP and trunk muscle size and function in football players across the preseason was examined. A secondary aim was to assess hip muscle strength. Twenty-five elite soccer players participated in the study, with assessments conducted on 23 players at both the start and end of the preseason. LBP was assessed with questionnaires and ultrasound imaging was used to assess size and function of trunk muscles at the start and end of preseason. Dynamometry was used to assess hip muscle strength at the start of the preseason. At the start of the preseason, 28% of players reported the presence of LBP and this was associated with reduced size of the multifidus, increased contraction of the transversus abdominis and multifidus muscles. LBP decreased across the preseason, and size of the multifidus muscle improved over the preseason. Ability to contract the abdominal and multifidus muscles did not alter across the preseason. Asymmetry in hip adductor and abductor muscle strength was found between players with and without LBP. Identifying modifiable factors in players with LBP may allow development of more targeted preseason rehabilitation programmes. 相似文献
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Martin D. Hoffman Natalie Badowski Joseph Chin Kristin J. Stuempfle Carol A. Parise 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(7):669-677
The primary study objective was to identify determinants of short-term recovery from a 161-km ultramarathon. Participants completed 400 m runs at maximum speed before the race and on days 3 and 5 post-race, provided a post-race blood sample for plasma creatine kinase (CK) concentration, and provided lower body muscle pain and soreness ratings (soreness, 10-point scale) and overall muscular fatigue scores (fatigue, 100-point scale) pre-race and for 7 days post-race. Among 72 race finishers, soreness and fatigue had statistically returned to pre-race levels by 5 days post-race; and 400 m times at days 3 and 5 remained 26% (P = 0.001) and 12% (P = 0.01) slower compared with pre-race, respectively. CK best modelled soreness, fatigue and per cent change in post-race 400 m time. Runners with the highest CKs had 1.5 points higher (P < 0.001) soreness and 11.2 points higher (P = 0.006) fatigue than runners with the lowest CKs. For the model of 400 m time, a significant interaction of time with CK (P < 0.001) indicates that higher CKs were linked with a slower rate of return to pre-race 400 m time. Since post-race CK was the main modifiable determinant of recovery following the ultramarathon, appropriate training appears to be the optimal approach to enhance ultramarathon recovery. 相似文献
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运动性肌肉疲劳和细胞pH 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
卢昌亚 《山东体育学院学报》2001,17(3):26-27,30
新近有关运动疲劳时肌肉细胞和亚细胞机制的研究表明,细胞内pH下降是产生肌肉疲劳特征的重要因素.细胞内pH的下降能引起最大收缩力下降,收缩和舒张期延长,最大缩短速度下降以及最大收缩力和最大缩短速度同时下降所导致最大功率下降. 相似文献
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Linda Farrah Balog 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):119-125
Abstract This investigation examined the effects of physical exercise on muscle tension and subsequent muscle relaxation training. Twenty college students participated in the first phase of the study, which included a 10-minute EMG baseline, 30 minutes of pedalling on a bicycle ergometer, followed by EMG measurements on the frontalis muscle for up to 3 hours after the end of exercise. The same subjects from Phase I went on to Phase II, which included eight 32-minute EMG biofeedback training (BFT) sessions, utilizing the frontalis muscle. Ten subjects randomly assigned to the experimental group received BFT following an acute exercise bout, while the 10 subjects in the control group received no treatment. The greatest decrease in muscle tension in Phase I occurred 90 minutes after the end of the exercise. This finding was not significantly different from the baseline, indicating that there was no relaxation effect as a result of exercise. In Phase II, significant differences between pre and post-test measurements in both groups indicated that learning of relaxation did occur. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups, indicating that physical exercise did not enhance the learning of EMG BFT. 相似文献
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Luis Peñailillo Nicolás Guzmán José Cangas Alvaro Reyes Hermann Zbinden-Foncea 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(2):179-187
The aim of this study was to examine the metabolic demand and extent of muscle damage of eccentric cycling targeting knee flexor (FLEX) and knee extensor (EXT) muscles. Methods: Eight sedentary men (23.3?±?0.7?y) underwent two eccentric cycling sessions (EXT and FLEX) of 30?min each, at 60% of the maximum power output. Oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR) and rated perceived exertion (RPE) were measured during cycling. Countermovement and squat jumps (CMJ and SJ), muscle flexibility, muscle soreness and pain pressure threshold (PPT) of knee extensor and flexor muscles were measured before, immediately after and 1–4 days after cycling. Results: FLEX showed greater VO2 (+23%), HR (+14%) and RPE (+18%) than EXT. CMJ and SJ performance decreased similarly after cycling. Muscle soreness increased more after EXT than FLEX and PPT decreased in knee extensor muscles after EXT and decreased in knee flexor muscles after FLEX. Greater loss of muscle flexibility in knee flexor muscles after FLEX was observed. Conclusion: Eccentric cycling of knee flexor muscles is metabolically more demanding than that of knee extensors, however muscle damage induced is similar. Knee flexors experienced greater loss of muscle flexibility possibly due to increased muscle stiffness following eccentric contractions. 相似文献
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肌肉疲劳的细胞生物学机制及应对措施 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
对近年来有关肌细胞收缩及疲劳的细胞生物学机制研究成果进行了分析，探讨了相应的应对措施。指出肌细胞疲劳可能与肌细胞能量物质的耗竭、代谢产物的堆积、肌细胞损伤有关．并认为肌细胞的损伤是由于机械损伤、细胞内钙离子过载、线粒体钙超载、自由基脂质过氧化所致。建议从营养学的角度对运动员加强磷酸原、糖、碱性盐、抗氧化剂的补充，以防治肌细胞疲劳，提高运动成绩。 相似文献