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1.
构建刑事审判案例推理模型,研究基于历史案例本体知识库对判决结果进行推理的算法。在已构建的刑事审判本体知识库基础上,基于案例特征将决策树、神经网络等算法相结合训练推理模型,预测目标案例的判决结果。实验结果表明：本研究构建的案例推理模型可以较好地对判决类型和刑期进行预测,对审判人员的工作产生积极的数据支撑作用,提升刑事判决领域处理信息的效能。 相似文献
2.
Rayla E. Tokarz 《Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian》2017,36(3):113-121
AbstractInspired by Gao’s text analysis of communication studies faculty, this study looks at the trends from 176 faculty publications from the criminal justice department at the University of Nevada, Reno. Criminal justice faculty publications are missing from library science text analysis literature. This study uses Voyant and NVivo 12 to analyze words and phrases from titles and abstracts to identify research interests. Voyant itself was found to be sufficient and identified specific research trends such as organizational commitment, amber alerts, and death qualification. This study can assist liaison librarians in selecting between these two tools based on their needs. 相似文献
3.
Emily Shepard Smith 《Legal Reference Services Quarterly》2013,32(4):276-317
According to the administrative office of the U.S. Courts, a significant part of the present docket of federal district courts consists of prisoner litigation. This category of litigation, composed largely of habeas corpus petitions, civil rights suits, and suits related to prison conditions, is often pressed by prisoners whose only legal assistance is the resources and materials available in their prison law library. Although prisoner litigation is an essential means of ensuring that our prisons and criminal justice systems operate within the confines of the U.S. Constitution, these often poorly researched and poorly written lawsuits also present special challenges to the federal courts tasked with processing them. This article explores how establishing programs that involve law students in teaching legal research in prison law libraries could help to both ameliorate the burdens that prisoner litigation places on the federal court system and improve prison law libraries’ ability to provide prisoners with meaningful access to the courts. The article begins by discussing the history of prisoner litigation in federal courts and describes four models of legal research instruction and assistance that have been employed in prisons. Based on the lessons learned from these efforts, the article presents a proposal for a prison legal research clinic that could be established by interested law schools and their librarians, and discusses the benefits to law students, prisoners, and the courts that such a program has the potential to deliver. 相似文献
4.
本文探讨日本法院权衡审判公开和审判公正之间复杂关系的经验得失。和美国等西方国家不同,日本更注重保障审判公正,因而对媒体在庭审中的摄像报道等取材行为设置了相对严格的限制。本文首先论述日本审判公开的传统限制及其发展,然后讨论1989年具有里程碑意义的"法庭笔记案"及其后的制度进展,最后探讨日本目前对庭审摄像与取材行为的规制。从日本近年来的发展趋势来看,审判公开是未来方向。在日本公众和新闻界的不懈努力下,日本法院最终将在审判公开和审判公正之间达到合理平衡。 相似文献
5.
《Government Information Quarterly》2018,35(3):480-490
The adoption of new information and communication technologies (ICT) has been one of the main strategies used by organizations of the Brazilian Judiciary in the search for solutions to the major challenges they face, such as limited access to justice services, high levels of congestion in courts and delays in the adjudication of lawsuits. However, empirical studies showing the results of this strategy are limited. The present study seeks to fill this gap. The objective is to identify and explain the effects of investment in information and communication technologies on productivity of courts in Brazil. In addition to the direct relationship between technology and judicial performance, we investigate the mediating and moderating effects of technology on other drivers of judicial performance. Official data were collected from the Justice in Numbers database of the National Justice Council. Secondary data refer to all state, federal and labor courts in the country, and cover a seven-year period, from 2009 to 2015. Panel data were analyzed using hierarchical regression and conditional analysis. The results confirm four of the five hypotheses, indicating that ICT investment has a direct and positive effect on court productivity, as well as mediating and moderating the effect of other variables on productivity. However, contrary to expectations, investment in ICT does not moderate the relationship between court caseload and productivity; although weak, the observed relationship was negative. Explanations for the findings are presented in the article. 相似文献
6.
Gregory D. Paul 《Communication Studies》2016,67(2):239-258
Although victim-offender conferences (VOCs) ostensibly enable victims to pursue justice goals not achieved through conventional trials, not all victims wish to participate in them. The purpose of this study was to examine how victims’ presumptions regarding the effectiveness of VOCs and trials in accomplishing justice goals influence their willingness to participate in a VOC and their preference for a case to be managed solely by the courts. Study results indicated that participants believed VOCs and trials to be effective at accomplishing different goals and that such influenced how they wanted cases to be managed. This influence was moderated by desires for particular justice goals. These findings have implications for restorative justice researchers and practitioners interested in victims’ motivations to participate in a VOC. 相似文献
7.
盛京将军辖区内混居着大量旗人与民人,在日常生活中,旗民的接触必然会产生各种各样的纠纷,进而引发各种司法案件。本文就《黑图档·嘉庆朝》对盛京将军辖区的刑民案件展开研究,进行梳理,以期对盛京将军辖区的司法状况研究作出贡献。首先,本文对盛京将军衙门的设置缘由和司法官员进行梳理;其次,对盛京将军辖区的刑事案件展开分析,通过对不同刑事案件种类的分析,对清代刑事立法展开研究;再次,对清代旗人在法律中所特有的特权进行探讨,旗人在法律中享有优待和特权;最后,对盛京将军辖区的司法状况进行总结。 相似文献
8.
论档案行政执法与刑事司法衔接中的证据转换 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
档案行政执法与刑事司法有效衔接的重要问题之一就是档案执法证据的转换,《档案法》及《刑事诉讼法》等法律法规的规定为档案执法证据能够在刑事司法程序中采纳与使用提供了法律依据,这既是由档案违法行为与档案犯罪之间的竞合与证据的不可复制性所决定,又有助于提高刑事司法效率。档案执法证据向刑事司法证据的转换包括证据的转换范围、证据转换规则和档案执法文书的转换规则等内容。为确保公安司法机关合理使用档案执法证据,有必要对档案执法证据在刑事司法中的适用条件和特殊程序做出明确规定。 相似文献
9.
[目的/意义] 以犯罪主体为新视角，以同主体类型犯罪为研究对象，提出"情报源-主体-案件-犯罪问题"的未成年人犯罪现象的研究思路，以分析未成年人犯罪的诱因、特点以及未成年人犯罪案件中的犯罪主体的影响因素，揭示未成年人犯罪规律，从而为实践中防控和治理未成年人犯罪现象提供更多战略情报分析思路。[方法/过程] 采用文本分析与社会网络分析方法，设定同主体类型犯罪问题而并非单个案例为情报研究对象，通过提取该类案例样本中与犯罪主体相关联的信息，构建犯罪主体社会网络，进行相应的理论探讨及实证研究。[结果/结论] 研究表明，社会网络分析适用于一定范围内未成年人犯罪现象的研究。基于犯罪主体社会网络的未成年人犯罪战略情报分析有利于客观地揭示此类特殊主体犯罪规律和犯罪特点，发掘犯罪主体影响因素，能够为未成年人犯罪战略情报分析的实施提供有效的辅助和决策支持。 相似文献
10.
确保档案安全需要《刑法》的有力保护。通过对我国档案犯罪案件刑事惩治的实证考察发现,当前还存在刑事立法缺乏规制的全面性,保护范围较窄;刑事司法缺乏制裁的严厉性,惩治力度较轻等问题。严重的故意毁损档案,伪造、变造档案,档案保管失职以及侵害非国有档案等达到刑法法理所要求的具有严重社会危害性的侵害档案行为目前并未纳入《刑法》予以规制。未来,应在结合我国档案保护实际,并参考借鉴域外档案犯罪刑事惩治经验的基础上,通过尽快修复档案犯罪立法漏洞,切实提升档案犯罪司法裁判力度等方式来增强我国档案犯罪刑事惩治质效。 相似文献
11.
《Legal Reference Services Quarterly》2013,32(3-4):3-32
Pattern jury instructions are used by trial judges to explain the law to jurors in language that they can understand and that provide consistency from one trial to another. This criminal jury instructions bibliography of 169 entries is a companion to a previous bibliography on civil jury instructions. An index to acronyms for both criminal and civil jury instructions is also included. 相似文献
12.
随着数字网络时代的到来,档案形式发生重大变化,从“有形档案”向“无形档案”转变,危害档案安全的档案犯罪也呈现出新形势、新特点,现行刑法的规定日益显示出不能完全适应数字环境下档案安全保护的需要,存在着犯罪主体的复杂多元性、犯罪对象范围狭窄以及行为方式规定的滞后性等问题。为有效发挥刑法作为保障法的功能,需要在数字环境下档案安全刑法保护的理念上强调国有档案与集体、个人档案同等保护的价值取向;在刑事立法上调整刑法的有关规定,做好《档案法》与《刑法》的有效衔接;在刑事司法上完善档案犯罪情节的认定标准,充分发挥刑法治理作用,保障档案安全。 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Government Information》1996,23(1):1-11
Urban areas are often considered to have distinct qualities and characteristics, for example, Chicago is the “City that Works” and Philadelphia is known as the “City of Brotherly Love.” Whether or not these cities are accurately described by such labels is a question that may be answered by looking at the “cities within the city.” These distinctive communities are often studied by researchers in the fields of sociology, geography, criminal justice, and urban planning; by city managers for allocations of funds and services; and by citizens interested in relocating to or starting a business in a particular area. This article provides background about the 77 community areas of Chicago, describing information resources available for compiling such profiles. Many similar resources are available for urban areas nationwide. 相似文献
14.
Wendell G. Johnson 《Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian》2013,32(3-4):140-157
ABSTRACT The Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), a unit within the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan, is the world's largest social science data archive. The data sets in the ICPRS database give the social sciences librarian/subject specialist an opportunity of providing value-added bibliographic information. Access to the data sets is by membership in the consortium. This article gives an overview of the ICPSR database and of other services provided by the ICPSR, including sample usage statistics and reports. Research has shown that use of electronic resources, such as that provided by the data sets of the ICPSR, leads to an increase in publications by scholars. Librarians from a variety of disciplines—economics, political science, education, sociology, criminal justice, and social work—can help their researchers use the ICPSR's data sets to help further the goals of social science. 相似文献
15.
刑事案件的多维关联分析模型研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了发现刑事案件中犯罪的特点与规律,本文建立了刑事案件的多维关联分析模型.首先,进行刑事案件的数据清理;然后,建立刑事案件多维数据模型,其中包括概念分层与建立数据立方体;在此基础上,利用改进的频繁谓词集算法寻找频繁谓词集,根据最小支持度与最小置信度要求,产生强关联规则;最后,对结果进行解释与评价.建立模型后,本文利用刑事案件的样本数据,详细地描述了整个模型的建立过程,并且利用大连市公安局提供的真实数据验证了模型的可用性与正确性并对结果进行了详细分析.本文建立的刑事案件多维关联分析模型为今后城市公安数据挖掘应用研究提供了参考. 相似文献
16.
This article argues for postsocialism as an added consideration to postcolonial theory in analyzing and enacting intercultural and international relations of/for social justice. We theorize the need for feminist and communication studies of rape and sexual assault that consider how rape occurs in relation to institutions, bodies, and times that offer varying positions and possibilities to different identities, cultures, and groups. Our study of an international rape trial asks how survivors of rape can have their experiences validated in androcentric international judicial systems. Theorizing Yugoslavia through the prism of rape, we center our analysis on women as property. Utilizing concepts of relationality and performativity, we imagine how the temporal, cultural, and geographic positionalities of women’s experiences of rape can critique patriarchy and global capitalism. 相似文献
17.
Michael Umberger 《Legal Reference Services Quarterly》2013,32(3-4):312-340
A small number of appellate courts require neutral citation, a legal citation format that frees citation to judicial decisions from adherence to particular formats or vendors. As law libraries increasingly rid their print collections of case law reporters, a gap appears in public access to the law, as many courts still require citation to print-based formats from particular commercial publishers. With widespread availability of case law in electronic formats through commercial databases and government Web sites, law librarians must continue to urge courts to consider adopting neutral citation principles to ensure greater accessibility to court opinions. This article retraces the history and quirks of neutral citation and aims to ground the arguments for more widespread adoption of neutral citation in the increasing concern over public access to the law. 相似文献
18.
This article explores cognitively just, reliable subject access to indigenous knowledge through knowledge organization systems (KOSs). Cognitive justice requires that indigenous people be able to access materials in a way that respects their worldview, yet dominant KOSs are based on positivist, Western approaches that are fundamentally incompatible. Alternatives to universal systems include the creation of new KOSs and the adaptation of universal ones. Going forward, emerging web technologies are presented as key to moving away from universalist schemes and toward specialized access. 相似文献
19.
犯罪新闻是中西方新闻媒介中常见的报道内容 ,也是最容易引起新闻官司的内容。本文通过对中西方犯罪新闻报道的比较分析 ,对犯罪新闻的有关法律问题进行探讨 ,为犯罪新闻写作规范化、合法化提供借鉴 相似文献
20.
《Government Information Quarterly》2006,23(2):293-308
Web-available information resources continue to diversify and proliferate; new segments of the population join the Internet; and technological capabilities of the Web expand. One arena in which these changes are being manifested is in federal statistical information dissemination. Statistical abstracts, a dominant form of information dissemination, are being reshaped in the face of these changes. In this study, a panel of experts from criminal justice and cognate fields participated in a four-round Delphi study to develop a mission statement for the next five years for one statistical abstract, Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics [Pastore, A. L., & Maguire, K. (Eds.). (2001). Sourcebook of criminal justice statistics. Retrieved January 28, 2004, from http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook/]1, and a list of associated requirements for attaining that mission. Participants see the role of statistical abstracts as continuing to be important in demonstrating the range of available statistical information and providing easy access to the most commonly used statistics. Their utility can be enhanced by technological advances. The findings have implications for the role of statistical abstracts in general. 相似文献