共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 714 毫秒
1.
经济发展、产业结构调整与城镇建设用地规模控制--以马鞍山市为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
马鞍山市目前正处于城市产业结构调整及功能转型过程中.该研究以马鞍山市为例,通过统计描述、定性分析,系统地考察了人口城市化水平、经济发展水平、产业结构调整与城镇建设用地规模之间的关系,研究了在经济发展过程中如何合理确定和控制城镇建设用地规模的问题,并提出了一个待验证的假说.随后,用经济计量模型:Yi=α+β1X1i+β2X2i+β3X3i+εi验证了所提出的假说,并估计人口城市化水平、经济发展水平、产业结构调整等社会经济驱动力因子对城镇建设用地规模的影响.计量模型估计结果表明,城市化水平、经济发展水平与产业结构调整对城镇建设用地规模的影响具有不同的作用方向,城市化水平、经济发展水平带动了城市用地规模的扩张,而产业结构调整则有利于城市用地的集约化和用地结构的优化.研究结果验证了所提出的假说,其结论可以有力支持当前的城市产业结构调整以及功能转型政策,对其他的转型城市而言,也具有重要的借鉴意义. 相似文献
2.
中国城市建设用地扩张驱动力的时空差异分析 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7
为研究城市建设用地扩张驱动力的时空差异,本文利用1999年-2008年全国31个省市数据(香港、澳门和台湾地区除外),运用计量经济方法分析了城市建设用地扩张与影响因子之间的关系,研究结果显示:①从空间尺度看,经济发展等影响因子,区位差异和政策变迁能够较好地解释全国、东部、中部以及西部城市建设用地的扩张。其中,城市人口因子对城市用地扩张的拉动力度最大,固定资产投资在各尺度均对城市用地扩张有正影响,而经济发展仅在全国和中部尺度有影响;②从时间尺度看,除城市人口增加、产业结构升级和固定资产投资对城市建设用地扩张有正影响外,其余变量统计上大多不显著;城市人口增加和产业结构升级对城市建设用地扩张的影响呈逐年下降趋势,而固定资产投资的影响力度则逐年增大。因此,各省市应转变经济发展方式,提高城市土地利用效率,合理控制城市增长边界,以节约农地流转为城市建设用地的数量。 相似文献
3.
城市化与中国城市土地利用结构的相关分析 总被引：37，自引：2，他引：37
在我国城市化过程中,伴随有城市土地利用结构的变化,它们之间有何关系?本文在分析了当前我国城市化发展状况及城市土地利用结构所存在的问题的基础上,通过对城市化水平和城市土地利用结构建立多元线性回归模型,得出它们之间的线性关系,认为随着城市化水平的提高,城市用地中居住用地是随之增加的,工业用地、仓储用地及对外交通用地则是随之减少,而且随着城市化的发展,公共设施用地也在不断增加,它同居住生活用地同时随城市规模与人口的增加而增加.从国际城市化发展规律看,城市化率达到30%以上就进入了高速发展时期,而我国到2000年城市化率就已达到36.2%,由此可以得出我国目前城市化处在中期发展水平,在以后进入高级城市化发展水平过程中,必须向着集约利用城市土地的方向发展,从扩大城市规模向提高城市综合质量转变.同时根据对未来城市化的预测,再根据前述回归模型预测出我国在未来20年内的城市土地利用结构的变化趋势,由此提出盘活城市存量土地,加快土地市场化步伐、合理调整城市用地结构,优化土地配置,改善城市综合环境、挖掘城市用地潜力,适当提高城市土地容积率,积极利用多维空间的政策性建议. 相似文献
4.
中国城镇化过程中的建设用地评价指数探讨 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
本文通过对城市化内涵的分析和我国城镇化过程中土地资源利用问题的研究,发现科学合理的城镇化并不会对耕地带来威胁,而是提高土地利用效率和保护耕地的有效途径.因为世界经验表明,城市化水平越高,土地集约化利用程度越高.我国当前土地资源利用的问题在于,农村人口非农化的过程中,城镇规模扩大,而农村居民点用地并没有减少,部分地区反而呈现出快速增加趋势,而且"两栖"占地、空心村现象严重.同时,我国农村居民点建设用地总量规模很大,是城镇用地的建设用地规模的6倍以上,如果在人口城镇化过程中积极开展农村居民点整理工作,减少两栖占地现象,农村居民点整理必然为城镇扩展提供动力.当然,有农村居民点作为城镇扩展后备土地来源并不意味着就可以盲目地扩展城镇建设用地规模了,由于农村居民点整理涉及到很多方面的问题,是个漫长的过程,因此目前最为关键的解决途径是提高城镇土地利用集约化水平,提高土地利用率和建筑容积率.而发展农地规模化经营,有利于此目标的实现.基于此,文章尝试定义了土地利用城市化指数:LUUI=(城镇用地 工矿用地 交通用地)/农村居民点用地,并验证其可行性,旨在倡导城市化过程中土地资源的科学合理配置,减弱城镇建设与耕地保护的矛盾. 相似文献
5.
城市建设用地扩张驱动力实证研究——基于辽宁省14市市辖区数据 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为考察辽宁省14市市辖区建设用地扩张的驱动力,本文采用两阶段最小二乘法对14市市辖区2000年-2010年数据进行了检验.检验结果表明:①研究期内,城市建设用地处于扩张状态,扩张速度低于同期全国水平,各城市扩张率存在差异,朝阳、营口、沈阳和大连扩张速度快于其它地区.异速增长方程LAND=aPOP2.97表明14市建设用地处于正异速生长阶段;②经济发展、人口规模、产业结构升级、反映自然地理环境的截面效应与反映政策变化的时点效应能较好地解释14市、沈阳经济区、辽宁沿海城市带3个维度的建设用地扩张,城市人口规模在3个维度都促进了建设用地扩张,其弹性系数大于经济发展、产业结构升级的弹性系数;经济发展与产业结构升级对建设用地扩张的影响方向及力度在不同维度上存在差异. 相似文献
6.
中国城市用地规模的影响因素分析——以2005年县级及以上城市为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文放弃了Mills-Muth模型＂就城市论城市＂的视角,从区域的视角考察城市用地的规模决定。通过比较静态分析,考察市场化条件下的用地需求变化、各级政府对土地供给的博弈过程和区位约束对城市用地规模的影响,从城市土地供求关系的角度建立了区域视角下的转型期中国城市用地规模决定的一般化概念模型。基于中国626个城市的实证研究验证了概念模型的有效性,发现城市人口和产业规模的增长显著地提高了对城市土地的需求,第二、三产业的影响程度因城市发展阶段而异;经济发展水平和城镇化模式对城市用地规模的影响并不显著。中央政府的建设用地指标分配制度改变了城市的等级结构,却很难对城市用地扩张产生实质性约束;地方政府缺乏土地储备的激励,大量的开发区用地被迅速投入市场,造成了城市土地的粗放利用。土地资源的稀缺性提高了土地供给成本,交通区位劣势降低了土地需求,限制了城市用地的无序扩张。与理论分析结果不同,宏观经济区位的劣势并未有效地限制城市用地规模,反而促进了城市政府低价甚至负地价出让土地,造成了大量土地的闲置和粗放利用 相似文献
7.
对于人多地少的中国而言,抑制当前城市化发展中出现的城市用地无序扩张现象,是一个重要且急迫的问题,而政策调控的前提条件则是理清城市用地扩张的驱动机制。通过对中国不同规模、不同行政级别城市用地扩张驱动机制的差异性进行分析,本文尝试着构建了一个更为细化的城市用地扩张理论框架,并利用2001-2011年中国243个城市的面板数据进行了固定效应模型检验,证明了本文所提出的工作假说。研究结果表明：①人口对城市扩张的作用随城市规模升高而递减。小城市用地受到三产业发展推动,而中等城市、特大城市用地则受到二产业发展的推动,其中特大城市受到二产发展更强的影响。大、特大城市较之中小城市,用地扩张受到政府财政支出更强的推动。政府招商引资行为仅对大城市用地扩张有促进作用,对于小、特大城市反而有抑制作用。土地财政的增加也会显著推动城市用地扩张;②相比于地级市,高行政级别城市的政府财政支出对其用地扩张有着更强影响。由于高行政级别城市中政府干预能力较强,土地资源存在错配的问题,二产业仍然是高级别城市、特别是特大城市中用地扩张的强影响力因素,这则有悖于城市发展中产业结构变化的一般趋势。在证明了城市间存在异质性之后,本文建议,相应的城市用地调控政策应该意识到城市间的异质性,有针对性地给出治理政策。 相似文献
8.
【目的】本文旨在剖析既有城镇建设用地配置策略在人口收缩背景下的适宜性,通过分析城镇建设用地配置对社会经济发展的影响,为东北三省建设用地配置优化提供理论依据。【方法】以东北三省地级市为研究对象,以2010—2020年为研究期,在分析人口收缩与建设用地配置现状的基础之上,借助柯布-道格拉斯生产函数与面板数据模型等方法,探究建设用地规模投入与结构配置对社会经济发展的影响,并提出人口收缩背景下城镇建设用地发展所面临的挑战与优化策略。【结果】(1)人口收缩背景下城镇建设用地投入对社会经济增长具有抑制作用,“以地谋发展”式的用地投入模式面临失效;(2)居住用地、公共管理与公共服务用地投入对社会经济增长具有抑制作用,工业用地投入具有促进作用但已边际报酬递减,着重供给此3类用地的传统用地结构配置策略适宜性下降。【结论】收缩城市面临城镇建设用地“超配”和“错配”的风险,应以控制用地规模、协调人地关系为前提,积极调整用地结构、优化资源配置,从而实现建设用地高效发展,促进社会经济发展。 相似文献
9.
基于对应分析的城市建设用地扩张研究——以武汉市为例 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
土地是不可再生资源,城市土地稀缺程度可想而知,能否节约集约用地对理性增长下的城市建设用地
扩张至关重要。本文以武汉市为例,采用对应分析等方法,对城市建设用地扩张进行了研究。主要结论有：①城市
建设用地扩张驱动因素由外因和内因组成。外因包括由国民经济宏观总量部分和国民经济总消费部分组合的经
济发展维度、由相对增长和绝对增长综合的人口增长维度、由产业结构城市化和人口城市化集成的城市化发展维
度以及其他因素维度。内因划分为公共用地和商住工用地;②商住工用地扩张是武汉市城市建设用地扩张的主要
方面,经济发展、人口增长、城市化等是其扩张的主要驱动因素。公共用地扩张主要由其他因素驱动;③不同阶段、
不同时期,武汉市城市建设用地扩张内因与外因起作用的主要方面各有侧重,这要求对城市建设用地的管理需抓
主要矛盾与时俱进。 相似文献
10.
基于BP神经网络模型的新疆建设用地分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
鉴于BP神经网络在非线性领域预测中的应用,以新疆建设用地为研究对象,构建BP神经网络预测模型,选取1996~2006年总人口、城市化水平、GDP等10个因子,反映新疆人口状况、经济发展水平、产业结构及投资水平作为网络的仿真输入,对2007年新疆建设用地进行模拟预测,预测结果与实际面积的相对误差仅为0.06%.最后针对新疆建设用地中存在的问题,提出了保障经济与社会协调可持续发展的土地利用策略. 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
15.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
16.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献