共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Talis Tisenkopfs Ilona Kunda Sandra šūmane Gianluca Brunori Laurens Klerkx Heidrun Moschitz 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2015,21(1):13-33
AbstractPurpose: The paper explores the role of boundary work and boundary objects in enhancing learning and innovation processes in hybrid multi-actor networks for sustainable agriculture (LINSA).Design/Methodology/Approach: Boundary work in LINSA is analysed on the basis of six case studies carried out in SOLINSA project under a common methodology. In developing typologies of boundary work and objects, a grounded approach is used.Findings: LINSA analysis demonstrates the dynamic character, diverse forms and multiple functions of boundary work and objects in three domains: learning, innovation, and sustainability. Addressing specific types of goals and actors leads to specific types of boundary work and boundary objects. Context-appropriate boundary work allows aligning differing actor attitudes, gaining increased external support, and developing LINSA. The concepts of boundary work and boundary objects are relevant in a broad range of divergent LINSA settings. Boundary work has its limitations, but its facilitation supports reaching LINSA goals.Practical Implications: The paper proposes recognising context-appropriate forms of boundary work and skilful use of emerging boundary objects to both promote internal consolidation of LINSA and effective external communication to foster learning and innovation for sustainability.Originality/Value: The paper provides insights into the forms, dynamic and outcomes of boundary work in LINSA in three key domains: developing shared knowledge base, co-producing innovation and negotiating sustainability. 相似文献
2.
大学教师创新力的形成及影响因素 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
文章分析了大学教师创新力形成及其影响因素,诸如,大学教师所创造的资本在国家创新体系中的份额增大而带来的影响,政府和社会为教师创新所提供的政策环境和制度环境变化的影响。同时,也论述了影响教师创新力形成的负面因素———功利性因素的影响,如舍本求末,忽略了创新的本然,重行政权力而忽略学术权力,重视有形指标,忽视无形的人格力量,大学教师的创新力受价值观变化的影响等等。 相似文献
3.
Frans Hermans Laurens Klerkx Dirk Roep 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2015,21(1):35-54
ABSTRACTPurpose: We investigate how the structural conditions of eight different European agricultural innovation systems can facilitate or hinder collaboration and social learning in multidisciplinary innovation networks.Methodology: We have adapted the Innovation System Failure Matrix to investigate the main barriers and enablers eight countries (England, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, The Netherlands and Switzerland).Findings: Results show some of the recent trends the AKS actors in these countries have experienced and how these have affected their potential to act as collaborators in multidisciplinary innovation networks. Lack of funds, combined with horizontal and vertical fragmentation and the lack of proper evaluation criteria for collaborative innovation networks are among the most important threats we found.Practical Implications: This study shows that each national AIS has some unique features. This means that the implementation of policies promoting collaboration and social learning (e.g. the European Innovation Partnerships and Operational Groups) should depend on a critical reflection of the existing structural elements of the AIS in each country and whether there is a need for inclusion of new actors, or whether certain innovations for collective goods should be promoted.Originality: The paper contributes to the ongoing discussion in the scientific literature on the advantages and disadvantages of privatization of extension and advisory services and the shift from thinking in terms of the traditional Agricultural Knowledge System towards a broader Agricultural Innovation System. 相似文献
4.
Kristin E. Davis Javier Ekboir David J. Spielman 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(1):35-51
Abstract This paper examines how post-secondary agricultural education and training (AET) in sub-Saharan Africa can contribute to agricultural development by strengthening the capacity to innovate—to introduce new products and processes that are socially or economically relevant to smallholder farmers and other agents. Using the AET system in Mozambique as a case study, this paper examines the role of AET within the context of an agricultural innovation system. This innovation systems perspective offers an analytical framework to examine technological change in agriculture as a complex process of interactions among diverse actors who generate, exchange, and use knowledge, conditioned by complex social and economic institutions. The paper argues that while AET is conventionally viewed as key to the development of human capital, it also has a vital role to play in building the capacity of organizations and individuals to transmit and adapt information, products and processes, and new organizational cultures and behaviors. The paper emphasizes the importance of improving AET systems by strengthening the capabilities of organizations and professionals; changing organizational cultures, behaviors, and incentives; and building innovation networks and linkages. The paper offers several recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of AET for agricultural innovation and development. Key reforms include aligning the mandates of AET organizations with national development aspirations; inducing change in the cultures of AET organizations through the introduction of educational programs and linkages beyond the AET system; and enhancing innovative individual and organizational capacity by improving incentives to forge stronger links between AET and other stakeholders. 相似文献
5.
Julie Ingram Damian Maye James Kirwan Nigel Curry Katarina Kubinakova 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2015,21(1):55-71
AbstractPurpose: This paper aims to reveal, and contribute to an understanding of, the processes that connect learning and innovation networks in sustainable agriculture to elements of the mainstream agricultural regime. Drawing on the innovations and transition literature, the paper frames the analysis around niche-regime interaction using the notion of niche-regime compatibility.Design/Methodology/Approach: 17 Learning and Innovation Networks for Sustainable Agriculture (LINSA) engaged in agricultural food production, non-food and rural development were analyzed. In line with the project's transdisciplinary approach data were collected in a series of participatory workshops.Findings: Five modes of LINSA-regime interaction are distinguished based on compatibility. The level of LINSA-regime compatibility influences the extent of the diffusion of LINSA ideas and practices into the regime. However, interaction processes within these modes reveal multiple and diverse connections between LINSA and regime entities suggesting a more complex relationship exists.Practical implications: A range of connecting processes and activities (for example, certification, exemption from regulation, facilitation of networking) can bring about effective LINSA-regime interaction and could be externally supported.Originality/Value: Empirical evidence from 17 case studies provides valuable insights from a number of different contexts across Europe. By directing analysis of interaction at the level of LINSA (niche project), rather than at the macro level, the study offers an original perspective. It suggests that the transition to sustainable agriculture might be understood as a complex of interactive processes leading to a series of adaptive changes, rather than as regime change. 相似文献
6.
Jean Sandall Ray Cooksey Vic Wright 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(5):411-423
Abstract In this paper we outline an analytical approach to identifying points in the policy process where management intervention to adjust organizational design could enhance delivery of innovation policy over time. We illustrate this approach using an example from native vegetation policy in the state of Victoria, Australia. We then use this approach to interpret recent reviews of the Australian Cooperative Research Centres (CRC) Program, a policy instrument aimed at enhancing national economic growth by fostering innovation in research and development. The approach described in this paper is grounded in the idea of policy as a complex and adaptive organizational system. From the findings it was apparent that reviews of the Australian CRC Program have recognized some of its complex and dynamic properties. However, they have been limited in their capacity to translate this recognition into practical recommendations for organizational design to improve delivery on innovation, particularly in relation to the uptake of research outputs by industries such as agriculture. We propose that this is likely to reflect the bureaucratic foundations of innovation policy and the difficulties associated with changing processes and ways of managing them that have become locked in to the organizational system. The design of policy instruments to deliver innovation, such as the CRC Program, should be informed by a detailed understanding of the dynamics that are mediating between policy objectives and outcomes over time. Dynamics such as the impact of bureaucratic constraints on the flexibility of policy processes and the participants engaged in them. In the absence of this sort of understanding, dynamics that critically affect the capacity of policy instruments to deliver innovation are likely to go unidentified and left to run their own course to an unpredictable and potentially counterproductive end. While the idea of policy as a complex organizational system is well known, there remains a substantive gap in knowledge as to how thinking about policy in this way might be applied to generate practical options for improving organizational design. The analytical approach described in this paper addresses this gap in knowledge. In the absence of such approaches, the effectiveness of policy instruments such as the CRC Program, which are intended to foster innovation, will continue to be limited by deficiencies in organizational design. 相似文献
7.
创新思维的评估是认识、激励和保护创新活动的重要环节。创新思维属于非物质的社会现象,创新思维评估与高校通常实施的绩效评估、学术水平评估、教师素质评估有很大的不同,因此有必要探讨和研究创新思维评估体系的特征。 相似文献
8.
基于创新推广理论的教师教育信息化实施策略研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
教师教育信息化是教育信息化的重要组成部分,也是推动教育信息化建设的重要力量。在创新推广理论的视野下,教师教育信息化实质上包含了个体层面的创新采纳过程和整体层面的创新推广过程。文章分析了教师教育信息化的内涵与特征,阐明了创新推广理论的基本思想,并从创新推广理论视角提出了教师教育信息化的实施策略。 相似文献
9.
黄志强 《福建师大福清分校学报》2007,(3):71-74
世人论中国画发展,多言创新,可是都没有标尺.本文提出了"时代感"论题,可谓是创新的标尺.作者还就中国画由传统向现代转型的一些变化及特点,作了一番探析,或许对时下的中国创新有所启迪. 相似文献
10.
系统回顾了近年来学术界对江泽民创新思想的研究状况,主要包括江泽民创新思想总的研究、理论创新研究、体制创新研究、科技创新研究、教育创新研究和其他方面的研究。 相似文献
11.
Laxmi Prasad Pant 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(3):205-230
Abstract Purpose: The fields of competence development and capacity development remain isolated in the scholarship of learning and innovation despite the contemporary focus on innovation systems thinking in agricultural and rural development. This article aims to address whether and how crossing the conventional boundaries of these two fields provide new directions for developing learning and innovation competence in international development. Design/methodology/approach: Using mixed methods research, this article assesses work environments for experiential learning and innovation, and investigates effective ways of enhancing core competence in agricultural research, education, extension and entrepreneurship. Findings: Findings suggest that while the focus on input and output indicators are relevant for technological innovation competence development, outcome indicators, such as measures of changes in cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains of learning and innovation, would better serve the purpose of developing organisational and institutional learning and innovation competence. Practical implications: This research concludes that crossing the conventional boundaries of competence development and capacity development serves as a way to renew the role of education within the innovation systems thinking. However, such an attempt to enhance human capabilities and functionings through education should integrate theory-based, competence-based and experiential learning components as a coherent whole. Originality/value: This article demonstrates the value of crossing the conventional boundaries of the two seemingly unrelated fields—competence development through education and capacity development through extension—to provide new directions to operationalise innovation systems thinking in agricultural education and extension. 相似文献
12.
对于国际学术界引起卓越反响的产学官三重螺旋创新理论,进行了知识集成和系统综述研究,给出三重螺旋创新系统理论及其相应研究的一些新近进展情况。 相似文献
13.
创新素质是主体完成各类创新性活动所必备的内在素质,其存在的质量如何直接影响着人们的创新活动,以致国家的综合实力。本文深入研究人的创新素质具有主体性、客体性、多样性、超越性和风险性等特征,认为创新素质的发展需要价值援助,体现价值追求,并通过创新实践改造传统的价值存在和价值评价。 相似文献
14.
Abstract This paper examines new organizational arrangements that have emerged in the context of a privatized extension system. It investigates the positioning and embedding of a network broker aimed at enhancing interaction in the privatized agricultural knowledge and information system (AKIS), to assess whether tensions reported in other sectors also manifest in agriculture and inform theory and policy on collective functions in pluralistic extension systems. It employs a case study approach using semi-structured interviews, observations, a closed questionnaire and secondary data analysis. Results show that a demand-driven way of working may prevent network brokers losing their neutrality in farmers’ eyes, but that a network broker nevertheless can be perceived as disruptive by extension service providers. Furthermore, it appears hard to make the network brokerage function self-sufficient. The paper shows that a social dilemma manifests, that is, the collective benefits are recognized, but private interests do not support the brokers’ continued existence. This prompts consideration of the need for continued public support. Public support for network broker appears to be needed, but possible (market-disturbing) interference with the activities of private extension service providers prompts critical examination of the mandates of publicly funded network brokers. 相似文献
15.
为促进大学创新能力的提高,英国政府鼓励大学争取第三类经费,高等教育创新基金(HEIF)是第三类经费的重要组成部分,也是其重要的经费来源。本文将解析高等教育创新基金(HEIF)的运作过程,论述该基金的发展和影响,探讨英国大学创新过程中经费资助的发展方向。 相似文献
16.
创新及创新体系的构建 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
创新是实现社会经济持续增长的首要推动力。创新政府研究必须明确创新的一般特征及其本质和规律；创新体系的构建可以从宏观、中观、微观三个层面展开，且不同层面的创新在特定时空有不同的重点和内容。同时，创新及其创新体系的构建还是一个涉及政府、企业、教育科研机构和其他组织共同运作的系统工程。 相似文献
17.
试论教育考试制度创新需求与制约因素 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
制度创新是教育考试制度改革的关键。本文从需求分析的视角,对教育考试制度创新的社会环境和内在动因做了探讨,对我国教育考试制度创新的政府主导、供给主导和自上而下等特点进行了归纳,对制约教育考试制度创新的法律、成本、科研能力、社会价值追求以及制度创新需求本身等因素进行了研究。 相似文献
18.
The Seductive Power of an Innovation: Enrolling Non-conventional Actors in a Drip Irrigation Community in Morocco 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Maya Benouniche Mostafa Errahj Marcel Kuper 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2016,22(1):61-79
Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the motivations of non-conventional innovation actors to engage in innovation processes, how their involvement changed the technology and their own social-professional status, and to analyze their role in the diffusion of the innovation.
Design/methodology/approach: We studied the innovation process of drip irrigation in Morocco. We interviewed 35 farmers in two villages, selected to represent a diversity of farms, and observed their drip irrigation systems. We interviewed several local artisans and traders, and intermediaries about their social-professional pathway, using a checklist to understand their motivations and their involvement with drip irrigation.
Findings: We showed how a variety of non-conventional actors became involved in drip irrigation, leading to the progressive creation of an active inter-related socio-technical network involved in the sales, manufacturing, fitting, and use of drip irrigation systems. This network challenged an imported technology promoted by irrigation companies that targeted large-scale farmers, and transformed it into drip irrigation systems adapted to a wide range of situations and farmers, including small-scale farmers. The involvement of these actors led to reciprocal changes in the technology and in the socio-professional status of the intermediaries, hence accelerating the diffusion of the innovation.
Practical implications: Understanding the motivations of non-conventional innovation actors helps comprehend the multiple pathways of innovation processes, and the socio-professional pathways of innovation actors. It is worth considering integrating these actors in state programs and other planned innovation processes, as they are near to field realities and to innovation users, and are able to adapt a technology to local requirements.
Originality/value: The results of this study contribute to the scientific debate about the mutually beneficial alliance of non-conventional actors and technical innovations. 相似文献
19.
地方高校科技创新能力是国家创新体系和区域创新体系的重要组成部分,对其分析和评价既有利于地方高校自身科技创新能力的提升和改进高校科研工作管理,又可以为宏观决策部门和社会各界对地方高校科技创新能力评判提供有价值的参考。以安徽省地方高校为样本。通过建立分层评价指标体系,运用因子分析方法对2010年地方高校四个维度的创新能力和总体科技创新能力进行了实证研究。得出了具有参考意义的结论,并建议安徽地方高校在注重资源优化配置的同时,重点培养技术创新能力,大力提高产出效率和知识市场化的能力。 相似文献
20.
创新素质的内涵、结构及特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
张淑春 《辽宁科技学院学报》2007,9(3):54-55,71
许多学者对创新素质进行了研究,各种观点不尽相同.本文综合各种观点,认为创新素质是在人的基本素质基础上形成的一种能够用灵活多样的方式方法去创造新事物、解决新问题的高级的、复杂的、综合的能力素质,包括基础能力、创造性思维能力、动手能力、创新精神和创新个性五部分;具有可以开发和培养及价值取向性的特征. 相似文献