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有关运动与免疫的研究,大都集中在研究运动对普通人群和运动员上呼吸道感染的影响以及免疫机能的影响,这些研究的大部分案例都是针对年轻人和健康人群的。那么,运动免疫学领域还很大,尤其是对那些疾病、亚健康和特殊年龄段的人群的研究仍是相对薄弱的地方。对特殊人群(HIV感染人群、老年人、儿童、肥胖和糖尿病)的运动、感染风险和免疫机能进行综述。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):52-66
This review will examine the effects of exercise and training on immune func-tion and will discuss the methodological problems that limit the interpretation of many exercise immunology studies. Acute bouts of exercise cause a tempo-rary depression of various aspects of immune function, such as neutrophil oxidative burst, lymphocyte proliferation, monocyte MHC class II expression, and natural killer cell cytotoxic activity, that will usually last for approximately three to 24 hours after exercise, depending on the intensity and duration of the exercise bout. Post-exercise immune function depression is most pronounced when the exercise is continuous, prolonged (<1.5 hours), of moderate to high intensity (55-75% VO2max), and performed without food intake. Periods of intensified training that result in overreaching have been shown to chronically depress immune function—i.e., immune cell functions measured at rest are still depressed 24 hours after the last exercise bout. Although elite athletes are not clinically immune deficient, it is possible that the combined effects of small changes in several immune parameters may compromise resistance to common minor illnesses such as upper respiratory tract infection. Protracted immune depression linked with prolonged training may determine susceptibility to infection, particularly at times of major competitions. 相似文献
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由于新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)感染的肺炎疫情暴发,人们将居家运动作为提高免疫力与保持健康的重要手段,运动与免疫的关系再度受到关注。一般认为,在充分恢复的前提下进行规律的中高强度运动可提高免疫功能,而急性运动(acute exercise)可能抑制免疫功能并增加感染风险。急性运动后外周血淋巴细胞计数及功能降低、免疫球蛋白A水平分泌减少被认为是运动抑制免疫的理论基础。但目前这种独立于非运动因素影响免疫功能增加感染风险的认识受到了现有研究的挑战。急性运动可通过应激反应将淋巴细胞亚群迅速动员至循环中,运动结束后,淋巴细胞亚群又会迅速迁移至外周组织。淋巴细胞的重新分布(lymphocyte redeployment)可能是一种进化保守的免疫机制,这一过程强化了外周组织的免疫监视与调节功能,有助于提升机体抵抗感染能力。因此,从这一视角就急性运动对机会性感染风险及免疫功能影响的现状进行综述。 相似文献
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综述了谷氨酰胺的生理作用及补充谷氨酰胺对运动后肠道免疫功能变化的影响,为进一步研究运动性免疫抑制提供理论依据。 相似文献
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急性运动对免疫细胞的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
回顾了运动免疫学近几年的研究，着重讨论了急性运动对免疫细胞的影响。包括急性运动对淋巴细胞亚群的影响，淋巴细胞对有丝分裂原的增生反应，NK细胞及中性粒细胞数量和功能的变化，以及运动后白细胞转运可能的机制等。 相似文献
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红细胞生物学领域研究正在经历一场悄无声息的变革。长期以来，红细胞被认为是氧气的载体，现在正逐渐成为天然免疫反应的重要调节剂。红细胞结合并清除血循环中的趋化因子和病原体，同时根据环境的不同，红细胞可以促进免疫激活，也可以维持免疫静止。低氧训练一直是运动科学研究领域的热点，越来越多的研究发现，在低氧训练过程中运动员疾病易感性增加，免疫力发生改变，作为天然免疫重要组成部分的红细胞免疫如何改变值得探讨，究竟低氧坏境、运动训练与红细胞免疫之间有着怎样的联系。文章采用文献综述的方法，对国内外低氧、运动与红细胞免疫的研究进行总结与分析，为今后的研究提供理论参考。 相似文献
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运动免疫学研究概述 总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28
陈佩杰 《上海体育学院学报》1996,20(1):37-41
运用文献综述方法,论述了运动免疫学的研究方法,运动对人体免疫系统的影响;讨论了运动免疫学的分子基础;提出了运动免疫学今后的研究重点。 相似文献
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太极拳的生理医学效应研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用文献资料调研等方法就太极拳对人体各系统产生的生理医学效应的研究进行梳理。研究认为,太极拳练习能促进神经系统和内分泌系统的功能;太极拳练习能改善心血管系统、免疫系统、呼吸系统和运动系统的功能;太极拳是通过对各大系统的综合作用,达到其健身和养生效果的。太极拳是一项安全的,能促进人体健康的锻炼形式。 相似文献
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运动过程中骨骼肌产生的高水平反应物会导致肌肉损伤和肌肉功能受损，一般认为补充抗氧化剂可以保护肌肉不受损伤。无论对于运动爱好者还是专业运动员，抗氧化剂都是最常用的运动补剂之一。目前备受关注的是用额外口服抗氧化剂的方法来支持内源性防御系统，从而实现预防或减轻氧化应激、减少肌肉损伤并改善运动表现。目前有大量已发表的研究对该主题进行了讨论，大多数研究表明，抗氧化剂可以减轻运动引起的氧化应激，但大多数研究都未发现其对肌肉损伤和肌肉功能有任何影响。此外，越来越多的证据表明，抗氧化剂对健康和训练适应有消极作用。本文深入分析总结了关于活性物质（Reactive Species）在体内的作用以及服用抗氧化剂对维持健康和提高身体性能的功效的文献。 相似文献
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Recommendations to maintain immune health in athletes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Neil P. Walsh 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(6):820-831
Numerous studies over the last 35 years report an increase in upper respiratory infection (URI) symptoms in athletes during periods of heavy training and competition. Challenges athletes face such as heavy exercise and life stress influence immune function via activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system and the resulting immunoregulatory hormones. Both innate and acquired immunity are often reported to decrease transiently in the hours after heavy exertion, typically 15–70%: prolonged heavy training sessions in particular have been shown to decrease immune function; potentially providing an ‘open window’ for opportunistic infections. Whether the observed changes in immunity with acute strenuous exercise or periods of heavy training account for the increased susceptibility to URI symptoms remains contentious. Nevertheless, there is little doubt that URI symptoms hinder athletic training and competition; underpinning the need to identify the prominent risk factors and appropriate countermeasures. Recent studies have identified prominent risk factors, including: intensified training in the winter; long-haul travel; low energy availability; high levels of psychological stress and anxiety; and depression. Given the shared pathways and effector limbs for the body’s response to physical and psychological challenges, it is logical that psychological strain influences immunity and illness incidence in athletes under heavy training; indeed, stress and anxiety have recently been shown to modify the immune response to exercise. This mini-review provides new insights and evidence-based recommendations for coping with the various challenges that athletes encounter on immune health, including: heavy exercise; life stress; sleep disruption; environmental extremes and nutritional deficits. 相似文献
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CGRP在身体许多组织器官中起着重要的调节作用,特别是对心脑血管具有强烈的血管扩张、逆转血管痉挛、改善冠脉和脑血液循环的作用,同时介导神经—免疫系统的相互协调。运动可引起CGRP的合成和分泌改变,CGRP在运动心脏与功能的适应性重塑中和其它心血管活性肽一样起重要的调节作用。笔者通过文献研究,分析了CGRP在运动性心肌肥大、运动性高血压、运动神经肌肉损伤和修复中的研究前景以及运动中CGRP与神经—免疫系统的关系。 相似文献
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近年来,随着免疫学的发展,运动和免疫机能关系越来越受到人们的关注。运动员与非运动员的免疫机能,不同运动强度不同运动时间对免疫技能的影响,及运动后如何补充营养物质提高免疫机能等等。随着生命科学的迅猛发展,人们对健康越来越重视,运动与免疫引起人们的关注。运动对免疫功能的影响成为运动医学研究的一个热点。通过大量文献比较运动员与非运动员的免疫功能,了解不同运动时间、不同运动强度对免疫功能的影响,及运动后如何补充营养来提高免疫力。对进一步了解运动免疫与人体健康的关系,科学指导体育锻炼和运动训练具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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高原训练中机体红细胞、促红细胞生成素、2,3-二磷酸甘油酸的适应性变化及研究设想 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
高原训练可提高运动员竞技能力，其主要的生理效应是高原训练中的缺氧运动可刺激红细胞生成素和红细胞生成，提高红细胞中2，3-磷酸甘油酸水平。为预防在高原上的过度训练，提高运动员的免疫力，从运动免疫学角度，对高原训练的研究工作提出了几点设想。 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(1):53-73
BackgroundIn recent years, much evidence has emerged to indicate that exercise can benefit people when performed properly. This review summarizes the exercise interventions used in studies involving mice as they are related to special diseases or physiological status. To further understand the effects of exercise interventions in treating or preventing diseases, it is important to establish a template for exercise interventions that can be used in future exercise-related studies.MethodsPubMed was used as the data resource for articles. To identify studies related to the effectiveness of exercise interventions for treating various diseases and organ functions in mice, we used the following search language: (exercise [Title] OR training [Title] OR physical activity [Title]) AND (mice [title/abstract] OR mouse [title/abstract] OR mus [title/abstract]). To limit the range of search results, we included 2 filters: one that limited publication dates to “in 10 years” and one that sorted the results as “best match”. Then we grouped the commonly used exercise methods according to their similarities and differences. We then evaluated the effectiveness of the exercise interventions for their impact on diseases and organ functions in 8 different systems.ResultsA total of 331 articles were included in the analysis procedure. The articles were then segmented into 8 systems for which the exercise interventions were used in targeting and treating disorders: motor system (60 studies), metabolic system (45 studies), cardio-cerebral vascular system (58 studies), nervous system (74 studies), immune system (32 studies), respiratory system (7 studies), digestive system (1 study), and the system related to the development of cancer (54 studies). The methods of exercise interventions mainly involved the use of treadmills, voluntary wheel-running, forced wheel-running, swimming, and resistance training. It was found that regardless of the specific exercise method used, most of them demonstrated positive effects on various systemic diseases and organ functions. Most diseases were remitted with exercise regardless of the exercise method used, although some diseases showed the best remission effects when a specific method was used.ConclusionOur review strongly suggests that exercise intervention is a cornerstone in disease prevention and treatment in mice. Because exercise interventions in humans typically focus on chronic diseases, national fitness, and body weight loss, and typically have low intervention compliance rates, it is important to use mice models to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits from exercise interventions in humans. 相似文献
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Exercise, nutrition and immune function 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Strenuous bouts of prolonged exercise and heavy training are associated with depressed immune cell function. Furthermore, inadequate or inappropriate nutrition can compound the negative influence of heavy exertion on immunocompetence. Dietary deficiencies of protein and specific micronutrients have long been associated with immune dysfunction. An adequate intake of iron, zinc and vitamins A, E, B6 and B12 is particularly important for the maintenance of immune function, but excess intakes of some micronutrients can also impair immune function and have other adverse effects on health. Immune system depression has also been associated with an excess intake of fat. To maintain immune function, athletes should eat a well-balanced diet sufficient to meet their energy requirements. An athlete exercising in a carbohydrate-depleted state experiences larger increases in circulating stress hormones and a greater perturbation of several immune function indices. Conversely, consuming 30-60 g carbohydrate x h(-1) during sustained intensive exercise attenuates rises in stress hormones such as cortisol and appears to limit the degree of exercise-induced immune depression. Convincing evidence that so-called 'immune-boosting' supplements, including high doses of antioxidant vitamins, glutamine, zinc, probiotics and Echinacea, prevent exercise-induced immune impairment is currently lacking. 相似文献
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慢性肾脏疾病是复杂的威胁公共健康的疾病。慢性肾病与高致死率、高发病率、高治疗费用相关。肾脏纤维化是肾脏慢性病变的病理形态表现,是指在各种致病因子如炎性因子,机械性损伤,药物等导致的细胞外基质（extracellarmatrix。ECM）合成增多降解减少,肾小球基底膜增厚,最终影响肾脏功能。目前关于慢性肾病的研究重要集中在药物筛选方面,而运动是否能改善慢性肾脏疾病的研究较少。本文通过文献资料法与逻辑推理相结合的方法总结运动与慢性肾脏疾病的研究,总结指出：1适当的运动通过减弱肾脏病变引起的纤维化程度,改善慢性肾脏疾病。2运动可以通过调解TGF-β1／Smad信号通路改善慢性肾脏疾病 相似文献