共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 734 毫秒
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内隐学习是无意识地获得刺激环境操作规则及潜在结构的过程,是不同于人类外显学习的另一种学习模式。运动技能的内隐学勺在技能的保持时间、复杂技能的掌握、应激条件下等方。面表现出的优势及特点表明：排球教学中采用内隐学习,更有利于绝大多数学生身体素质的提高、运动技能的掌握、体,育能力和体育素养的培养以及学习动机的激发,建议在排球教学中广泛采用内隐学习模式。 相似文献
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以高尔夫推杆击球技能为实验对象,采用类比学习范式和双因素混合设计,通过对22名被试的研究发现:1)类比学习虽然有外显的指导语,但练习者并不能报告具体的与技能操作相关的知识,因此是一种有效的内隐学习方式;2)内隐学习和外显学习在运动技能获得进程中的效果是相当的;3)通过内隐习得的运动技能在压力条件下表现出很好的抗应激性.内隐习得运动技能的抗应激性特征为干预运动实践中的Choking现象另辟蹊径. 相似文献
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外显学习和内隐学习是学生在运动技能获得中的两种方式，它们相互协同，在一定条件下相互转化。在运动技能教学中要摆正外显学习和内隐学习的关系，应高度重视学生的内隐学习潜能；使用微格教学法、念动训练和目标设置能调动学生潜在的学习积极性，有利于学生乒乓球技术的学习和促进运动技能的形成。 相似文献
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运动技能获得中的内隐学习研究进展 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
内隐学习和外显学习是人类学习的两种方式,它们平行发生并且相互独立,内隐学习所获得的运动技能在环境变化多样,应激条件下以及在保持的时间上都有显著的优点,结论建议我们,在运动技能的训练中应为内隐学习创造更多的条件。 相似文献
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内隐学习在速度滑冰教学中的实践研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
在学习速度滑冰这种复杂技术任务时先应具备一个内隐的知识基础,然后再给以正式指导会产生最佳效果。采用文献资料、实验研究等方法,探讨内隐学习在速度滑冰课教学中应用的教学效果。结果表明：内隐学习模式能够激发学习动机,提高学习兴趣,使学生产生积极的情感体验;内隐学习方法有利于速滑技能的掌握;内隐学习模式有利于学生在应激条件下体现速滑技术的发挥,建议在速度滑冰教学中逐步推广内隐学习方法。 相似文献
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采用序列学习的研究范式对160名不同专业大学生的内隐学习进行了实验研究,结果表明：（1）体育专业学生的内隐学习成绩比非体育专业学生的内隐成绩好;（2）不同任务条件下,体育专业学生内隐学习成绩更稳定;（3）内隐学习存在性别差异。 相似文献
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范文杰 《天津体育学院学报》2015,30(4):298-303
运动技能的外显认知需要注意力高度集中,在分心情况下运动技能的表现与发挥容易受到干扰,通过外显认知所获得的运动技能在紧张、压
力情景下成绩表现有较大的波动性。为考察运动技能的内隐认知是否也具有同样的特征,运用文献资料法、试验等方法,以序列反应时为试验主任
务,以视觉干扰（记忆7位数字串）为第2任务,将80名大学生随机分为4组,分别进行外显单任务、外显双任务、内隐单任务与内隐双任务的练习,在
低、高应激状态下分别进行运动技能的学习效果测试。结果表明：内隐双任务组能自动获取复杂技能中所有隐含的潜在规则,内隐认知不受（至少
少受）分心的影响;不同的认知方式和练习策略所获运动技能在不同应激状态下的学习效果也不同,与低应激条件下的学习效果相比,高应激条件
下单任务内隐组和双任务外显组反应时上升不显著,而外显单任务组反应时显著上升,内隐双任务组反应时显著下降。由此可见,内隐认知在分心
条件下同样能获得运动技能,具有抗干扰性特征;内隐认知所获运动技能在紧张、压力条件下成绩发挥稳定,具有抗应激性特征。研究启示人们,在
运动技能训练中增加内隐成分与分心练习不仅不影响运动技能的获得,而且对运动员在比赛中增强抗压能力可能具有重要作用。 相似文献
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拟采用迁移范式,以事件相关电位(ERP)成分N2、P3作为主要指标,结合不同迁移方式和不同学习"方式"探讨学习者的知识表征方式的差异。结果发现:内隐组和外显组被试在习得了一定的序列知识后,相对于标准序列的反应时,效应器迁移序列的反应时明显变慢;在脑电数据中,以N2的平均波幅作为指标,不管是内隐组还是外显组,标准序列与刺激迁移序列不存在区别,而与效应器迁移序列却差异显著。对于P3的平均波幅的分析得出:在内隐组,标准序列与效应器迁移序列不存在区别;而在外显组,两者却差异显著。该结果说明:效应器水平的编码机制是参与序列知识的学习的;且相对于知觉编码,不管以何种"方式"学习,效应器编码起的作用都要更大。 相似文献
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L. Verburgh E. J. A. Scherder P. A. M. van Lange J. Oosterlaan 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(18):1782-1790
In sports, fast and accurate execution of movements is required. It has been shown that implicitly learned movements might be less vulnerable than explicitly learned movements to stressful and fast changing circumstances that exist at the elite sports level. The present study provides insight in explicit and implicit motor learning in youth soccer players with different expertise levels. Twenty-seven youth elite soccer players and 25 non-elite soccer players (aged 10–12) performed a serial reaction time task (SRTT). In the SRTT, one of the sequences must be learned explicitly, the other was implicitly learned. No main effect of group was found for implicit and explicit learning on mean reaction time (MRT) and accuracy. However, for MRT, an interaction was found between learning condition, learning phase and group. Analyses showed no group effects for the explicit learning condition, but youth elite soccer players showed better learning in the implicit learning condition. In particular, during implicit motor learning youth elite soccer showed faster MRTs in the early learning phase and earlier reached asymptote performance in terms of MRT. Present findings may be important for sports because children with superior implicit learning abilities in early learning phases may be able to learn more (durable) motor skills in a shorter time period as compared to other children. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the performances of implicit and explicit learners would converge over an extended period of learning. Participants practised a complex motor skill - golf putting - for 3000 trials, either with a concurrent secondary, tone-counting task (implicit learning) or without such a task (explicit learning). The cognitive demands of the secondary task were predicted to prevent the accumulation of verbalizable rules about the motor task. The implicit group reported significantly fewer rules than the explicit group on subsequent verbal protocols. The performance of the implicit group remained below that of the explicit group throughout the learning phase. However, no significant differences were found between groups during a delayed retention test. Additionally, for the participants in the explicit group only, a Reinvestment Scale score correlated positively with the number of rules accrued and negatively with overall putting performance during the learning phase. We use the results to argue against the excessive use of verbal instruction during skill acquisition, which might be unnecessary and ultimately might hamper performance under stressful conditions. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the performances of implicit and explicit learners would converge over an extended period of learning. Participants practised a complex motor skill--golf putting--for 3000 trials, either with a concurrent secondary, tone-counting task (implicit learning) or without such a task (explicit learning). The cognitive demands of the secondary task were predicted to prevent the accumulation of verbalizable rules about the motor task. The implicit group reported significantly fewer rules than the explicit group on subsequent verbal protocols. The performance of the implicit group remained below that of the explicit group throughout the learning phase. However, no significant differences were found between groups during a delayed retention test. Additionally, for the participants in the explicit group only, a Reinvestment Scale score correlated positively with the number of rules accrued and negatively with overall putting performance during the learning phase. We use the results to argue against the excessive use of verbal instruction during skill acquisition, which might be unnecessary and ultimately might hamper performance under stressful conditions. 相似文献
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运动技能作为一种主要和程序性知识相对应的学习与内隐学习有着密切联系。因此,将内隐学习引入运动技能教学中,驱动运动技能中的内隐学习,并按照运动技能的内隐学习和外显学习的关系来调整教学,不仅能发挥内隐学习的优势效应,使训练更加科学化、效益化,而且还能够激发学习者或者运动员的运动潜能、创造性,从而提高运动技能学习的效率。 相似文献
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We investigated the attention demands associated with implicit and explicit (motor) learning and performance using a probe reaction time paradigm. Two groups of participants learned a golf putting task over eight blocks of 50 trials performed from different distances. One group (errorless learning) began putting from the shortest distance (25 cm) and moved progressively back to the furthest distance (200 cm). A second group (errorful learning) began putting from the furthest distance (200 cm) and moved progressively closer (25 cm). Retention tests were used to assess learning in the two conditions, followed by transfer tests in which participants used either an unusual putter or a very unusual putter. Transfer to the unusual putters had an equivalent effect on the performance of both errorless and errorful learners, but probe reaction times were unaffected in the errorless learners, suggesting that execution of their movements was associated with reduced attention demands. Reducing errors during initial learning trials may encourage an implicit mode of learning and lower the demand for cognitive resources in subsequent performance. 相似文献