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试探血型、指纹在运动员选材中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
沙川华 《沈阳体育学院学报》2004,23(3):300-300
人的血型、指纹等遗传标记与人的性格和某些疾病有着一定的关系 ,但与人的运动能力之间是否也存在某种内在的联系 ,还没有更多的材料说明。因此 ,探索血型、指纹与体育运动的关系 ,了解不同运动项目的运动员血型、指纹的特点 ,既可以有助于揭示运动能力与血型和指纹之间的内在关系 ,丰富人类学研究的内容 ,又能够在优秀运动员的科学选材方面开拓新的思路和方法。基于这种认识 ,本研究调查了 8个运动项目 ,2 84名运动等级在国家一级以上男、女运动员的血型与指纹图形 ,并进行比较研究。结果表明从血型的分布看 ,运动员中A型最多 ,其余依次为O型、B型、AB型 ;一般人中B型最多 ,其余依次为O型、A型、AB型。运动员与一般人的指纹图形分布情况相同 ,均为斗形纹最多 ,其余依次为尺箕纹、弓形纹、桡箕纹。血型比较结果是运动员中A型明显多于一般人 (P <0 0 1) ,B型明显少于一般人 (P <0 0 1)。O型和AB型无显著性差异 ,从运动员与一般人的血型与指纹图形比较结果提示 ,在运动员选材时 ,若其他条件相似 ,A型血者较B型血者合适 ;斗形纹和弓形纹较多者比尺箕纹和桡箕纹较多者合适。男、女运动员之间血型分布率无显著性差异 ;指纹图形中斗形纹和尺箕纹无显著性差异 ;桡箕纹男性显著多于女性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,弓形纹 相似文献
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为了了解人类的血型和指纹与力量和速度等身体素质的关系,对四川省一级运动员以上的37名田径运动员进行了调查分析,结果表明田径运动员的血型和指纹与一般人没有明显差异,故不能用来作为选材的依据. 相似文献
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优秀体操运动员血型分布与选材关系初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对我国优秀体操运动员A、B、O血型系统进行调查研究。探讨优秀体操运动员的血型分布与体操项目的关系;体操运动员的气质与血型的关系;血型选材与运动专项能力的关系。对研究结果用统计学检验处理。结论是:血型是由人的遗传基因决定的,与人类从事的运动项目有一定的相关性,B型血型者表现的特性与体操运动员的气质有密切关系;优秀体操运动员的血型多数为B型;尚有部分分布于其它血型。为体操选材及后天训练提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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本文对第六届大运会田径运动员的血型进行了广泛的调查，对血型与运动项目的关系进行了初步分析，探讨了高校不同血型田径运动员选择运动项目的差异，提出高校在进行田径运动员选材时，血型应该成为一个重要的因素。 相似文献
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多年来,血型与体育运动的关系这个问题一直为国内外体育科研人员的关注,通过大量的调查研究,发现血型不但与人的体质、气质和运动能力都有密切的关系,而且和运动项目有一定的关系。我们知道人类的遗传因素对运动员选材有至关重要的意义,而血型的遗传度是100%,且遗传特征稳定。所以我们对一部分足球运动员进行了调查,以探讨足球运动员及各位置的血型分布,为足球运动员的选材和定向发展提供理论依据。 相似文献
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目的:血型的遗传因素总是能够客观地体现出某种血型在某一项素质或专项上具有得天独厚的先天遗传优势.对我国西藏登山运动员进行了ABO血型及心、肺等功能的检测,将其与报道的西藏一般群体的血型分布特征做了比较,并分析了它与一些低氧运动能力相关的较为明显的表型特征(心功能、肺功能、红细胞、血红蛋白、血氧饱和度等)之间的关系,以探讨人类血型与低氧运动能力之间的关联,不仅有助于阐明它们之间的关系,而且也能为科学选材和定向发展提供参考依据.方法:依据文献和研究内容,自行设计问卷调查表,内容包括姓名、性别、年龄、民族、籍贯等;ABO血型系统的分型;台式血压仪检测血压;Nellcor NPB-40(USA)检测血氧饱和度;SYSMEX pocH-100i型全自动三分类血液分析仪(Japan)检测红细胞数、血红蛋白和红细胞压积;SPIDA5(Micro Medical Limited,Kent,ME12AZ,UK)检测肺功能;ACUSON CA94043型超声诊断仪(USA)检测心功能;采集的数据用SPSS 18统计软件进行分析处理.结果:本次调查共115人,其中男性111人、女性4人,民族99％为藏族;籍贯为西藏日喀则的占84.35％、其他占15.65％ ;ABO血型的比例是A型占17.39％、B型37.39％、AB型30.44％、O型14.78％;登山运动员血型的总体分布特征B＞AB＞A＞O,与报道的西藏大部分地区的普通人群O＞B＞A＞AB不符;运动员中B型最多的特征与日喀则藏族普通人群的分布特征一致,但AB型在西藏登山运动员血型当中占的比例与西藏所有地区的普通人群比较存在显著性差异.由单因素方差分析分析了115名运动员血型与心肺功能及红细胞系统一些关键指标之间的关系,发现其中4种指标(主动脉内径AO、左心室小轴缩短率FS％、射血分数EF、每博量SV)在不同血型中存在显著差异,相比其他血型,在AB血型群体中表型值较高.其他检测指标在各血型之间进行比较,差异无统计学意义.结论:从整体上可以看出,登山运动员没有集中于某一种血型的显著倾向,但西藏登山运动员血型的总体分布B＞AB＞A＞O与以往报道西藏藏族一般群体的ABO血型表型分布特征O＞ A＞ B＞ AB不符,这种特征提示可能与这种运动专项相关.而且显示AB型在西藏登山运动员当中占的比例比西藏其他地区人群更高,统计具有显著性差异.另外,评价心功能的一些重要指标(射血分数、每博量等)也显示AB型优于其他各型.由此,在登山运动员选材时,AB血型的人可能具有其相对优势,需进一步通过结合他的一些表型特征从基因的水平进行分析,以阐明遗传素质与低氧运动能力的关系. 相似文献
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研究采用文献综述法分析了国内外关于高风险运动项目运动员感觉寻求与冒险行为之间的关系及其影响因素，从运动员个人和运动项目两个方面，分析不同因素对运动员感觉寻求和冒险行为的影响效应及作用过程。结果表明：（1） 感觉寻求是高风险运动项目运动员做出冒险行为的重要影响因素之一；（2）不同高风险运动项目之间，运动员的感觉寻求和冒险行为存在差异，未表现出同质性；（3）高风险运动项目运动员的感觉寻求与冒险行为受到运动员个人（运动动机、风险感知调控能力、情绪、人格、经验与水平、性别与年龄）和外部环境（运动项目、运动安全装备）两方面因素的共同作用。 相似文献
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近些年来，体育界专家将运动员的血型与运动项目结合起来研究，用于运动员的选材．特别是体能性的竞技项目，如摔跤、柔道等。在竞技运动中．这个先天素质能得到体现和充分发挥。 相似文献
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Tournament preparation in golf is used by players to increase course knowledge, develop strategy, optimise playing conditions and facilitate self-regulation. It is not known whether specific behaviours in tournament preparation should be given priority in education and practice at different stages of competition. This study aimed to achieve consensus on the importance of specific tournament preparation behaviours or “items” to players of five competitive levels. A two-round Delphi study was used, including an expert panel of 36 coaches, high-performance staff, players and academics. Participants were asked to score the relative importance of 48 items to players using a 5-point Likert-type scale. For an item to achieve consensus, 67% agreement was required in two adjacent score categories. Consensus was reached for 46 items and these were used to develop a ranked framework for each competitive level. The developed framework provides consensus-based guidelines of the behaviours that are perceived as important in tournament preparation. This framework could be used by national sport organisations to guide the development of more comprehensive learning environments for players and coaches. It could also direct future studies examining the critical behaviours for golfers across different competitive levels. 相似文献
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以110名青年男子篮球运动员为研究对象,用R型聚类分析方法从20项初选体能结构指标中筛选出能有效反映我国青年男子篮球运动员体能水平的10项指标,运用因子分析的方法求出各指标的权重,建立我国青年男子篮球运动员体能特征模型、体能单项评分标准和体能综合等级评价标准。旨在为教练员科学规划运动员的体能训练提供依据,并为篮球项目选材提供参考。 相似文献
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Talent identification and early development of elite water-polo players: a 2-year follow-up study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The processes of talent detection and early development are critical in any sport programme. However, not much is known about the appropriate strategies to be implemented during these processes, and little scientific inquiry has been conducted in this area. The aim of this study was to identify variables of swimming, ball handling and physical ability, as well as game intelligence, which could assist in the selection process of young water-polo players. Twenty-four players aged 14-15 years underwent a battery of tests three times during a 2-year period, before selection to the junior national team. The tests included: freestyle swim for 50, 100, 200 and 400 m, 100-m breast-stroke, 100-m 'butterfly' (with breast-stroke leg motion), 50-m dribbling, throwing at the goal, throw for distance in the water, vertical 'jump' from the water, and evaluation of game intelligence by two coaches. A comparison of those players eventually selected to the team and those not selected demonstrated that, 2 years before selection, selected players were already superior on most of the swim tasks (with the exception of breast-stroke and 50-m freestyle), as well as dribbling and game intelligence. This superiority was maintained throughout the 2 years. Two-way tabulation revealed that, based on baseline scores, the prediction for 67% of the players was in agreement with the final selection to the junior national team. We recommend that fewer swim events be used in the process of selecting young water-polo players, and that greater emphasis should be placed on evaluation of game intelligence. 相似文献
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The processes of talent detection and early development are critical in any sport programme. However, not much is known about the appropriate strategies to be implemented during these processes, and little scientific inquiry has been conducted in this area. The aim of this study was to identify variables of swimming, ball handling and physical ability, as well as game intelligence, which could assist in the selection process of young water-polo players. Twenty-four players aged 14–15 years underwent a battery of tests three times during a 2-year period, before selection to the junior national team. The tests included: freestyle swim for 50, 100, 200 and 400?m, 100-m breast-stroke, 100-m ‘butterfly’ (with breast-stroke leg motion), 50-m dribbling, throwing at the goal, throw for distance in the water, vertical ‘jump’ from the water, and evaluation of game intelligence by two coaches. A comparison of those players eventually selected to the team and those not selected demonstrated that, 2 years before selection, selected players were already superior on most of the swim tasks (with the exception of breast-stroke and 50-m freestyle), as well as dribbling and game intelligence. This superiority was maintained throughout the 2 years. Two-way tabulation revealed that, based on baseline scores, the prediction for 67% of the players was in agreement with the final selection to the junior national team. We recommend that fewer swim events be used in the process of selecting young water-polo players, and that greater emphasis should be placed on evaluation of game intelligence. 相似文献
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王铁生 《西安体育学院学报》2005,22(5):70-72
田径运动中,柔韧素质与运动成绩关系甚为密切,科学合理地发展运动员的柔韧素质,而使身体获得最佳机能水平。由于田径运动项目多而杂,训练中很难把握发展柔韧素质的“度”,为此,以性别、项目、年龄等为突破口,加深剖析“柔韧素质”训练特点的力度,旨在进一步明确柔韧素质在田径各个项目中的重要作用。 相似文献
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武术是中国传统的体育项目,一直以来武术基础理论薄弱,从选材到训练没有一个客观的评价标准,通过测试和分析以定量的、科学的方法研究和探讨我国高水平女子套路运动员身体形态特征,以此作为武术运动员选材、选项的理论依据。 相似文献
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A scale has recently been developed to measure moral disengagement in sport (Boardley & Kavussanu, 2007). It consists of 32 items that measure the eight mechanisms of moral disengagement proposed by Bandura (1991). In the present study, we aimed to: (a) examine whether a subset of these items could form a short version of the scale; (b) provide evidence for the construct validity of the short version; and (c) test its measurement invariance across sex and sport type. A total of 992 football, rugby, hockey, basketball, and netball players from three different samples completed the long version of the scale. Data analyses indicated that the short version of the scale consisted of eight items and had high internal consistency. Construct validity of the scale was evidenced via correlations with sport moral disengagement and prosocial and antisocial behaviour. Multisample confirmatory factor analyses established measurement invariance across sex and partial measurement invariance across four team sports. In conclusion, the short version of the scale is a reliable and valid measure of moral disengagement in sport. 相似文献
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Jorge Arede Pedro Esteves António Paulo Ferreira Jaime Sampaio Nuno Leite 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(19):2220-2227
ABSTRACTThe aims of this study were to examine the medium-term effects of previous experiences during early stages of sport development on physical capacities of under-13 (U-13) talented basketball players and, to identify variables that discriminated under-14 (U-14) national team training camp selection. Anthropometrical and physical measurements were collected during a basketball training camp. Previous sport experiences (6–10 years), maturity offset, power outputs for jumping and sprinting were determined. A cluster analysis was used to allocate the subjects according to their different levels of sport experiences (more specialized vs. less specialized) to allow creating a dummy variable for the subsequent analysis of the physical variables. A stepwise discriminant analysis was computed to identify the construct that best classifies selected and non-selected players for U-14 national team training camp. The less specialized group outscored more specialized in all physical parameters, irrespectively of gender. The Abalakov Jump Peak Power and Predicted Adult Height (PAH) could successfully discriminate selected from non-selected players for U-14 national team training camp in boys and PAHin girls. The diversified and non-specific sport stimulus during early ages seem to be determinant to the acquisition and development of fundamental movement skills of talented basketball players. 相似文献