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年龄与胰岛素分泌机能之间的关系较复杂。大鼠随年龄增加每一个β-细胞分泌胰岛素的能力进行性降低,可以增加较多部β-细胞代偿。通常一致的是人随年龄增加葡萄糖耐量下降,在老年人中对葡萄糖耐受性差相当普遍,但增加β-细胞群的能力有限,年龄增加使非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病(NIDDM)流行。胰岛素耐受性及代偿性高胰岛素血症导致脂代谢、血压调节和纤维蛋溶解活性异常,这些都使冠心病(CHD)易感性增多。运动训练对胰岛素敏感性葡萄糖耐受性在衰老过程中具有良好作用,可以预防非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病和冠心病的发生。 相似文献
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文章采用文献资料法,对近年来国内外运动对防治2型糖尿病的研究进展进行综述和分析。研究表明:运动可以增强骨骼肌细胞对血液中葡萄糖的摄取和胰腺细胞分泌胰岛素的能力;骨骼肌组织是胰岛素敏感性的主要决定因素;运动可以使堆积在小血管壁复合的糖基物质减少,从而使血管壁变薄,增加血管供血量,对糖尿病的并发症有积极的预防作用。 相似文献
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李秋玲 《西安体育学院学报》2009,26(6)
目的观察耐力运动对非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病模型大鼠糖代谢指标的影响,探讨运动改善胰岛素抵抗的机制.方法采用腹腔注射SIZ(链脲佐茵素)30 mg/kg并灌胃高脂乳10mL/ⅡⅣkg的饮食办法建立动物模型.动物分为糖尿病组、糖尿病运动组和正常对照组.耐力运动组大鼠运动12周,检测各不同处理组的空腹血糖、葡萄糖耐量、空腹血清胰岛素、自由C肤、胰岛素敏感指数.结果耐力训练组大鼠的空腹血糖值显著降低(P<0.01),葡萄糖耐量曲线得到改善,空腹血清胰岛素升高.结论耐力运动组可以降低非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病模型大鼠血糖,增加胰岛素敏感度,从而改善非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病模型大鼠的胰岛素抵抗. 相似文献
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糖尿病是一种常见的、严重危害人们身体健康的慢性病。在研究其治疗方法过程中，体育锻炼被公认为治疗糖尿病的一项基础措施，并且，对易感非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM)的肥胖人群有积极的预防保护作用。运动对糖尿病的作用机理为：使骨骼肌细胞摄取利用葡萄糖加强；肌细胞内GLUT4增加；能量消耗增多；改善脂质代谢素乱，减少体脂，增加瘦体重。增强免疫力，减少并发症。 相似文献
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长时间的胰岛素缺乏,既会使脂肪细胞内胰岛素依赖性2-脱氧葡萄糖的转运降低,也会使骨骼肌内胰岛素和肌收缩刺激作用依赖性3-甲基葡萄糖的转运降低。胰岛素对脂肪细胞和骨骼肌细胞内糖转运载体分子具有长期的调节作用,而肌肉收缩刺激能产生一种不同于胰岛素的糖转运调节作用(Wallberg-Henr- 相似文献
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对糖尿病患者来说,适当的运动可以提高机体组织对胰岛素的敏感性,有效地增加肌肉等组织对血中葡萄糖的利用,达到降低血糖的目的。据测定,进行30分钟体力活动,血糖下降12%-16%毫克。通过蹬车试验证明,肌肉活动时肌肉组织对葡萄糖的摄取量比不活动时大13倍,并且细胞膜上运转葡萄糖的载体蛋白运转加快,故能降低血糖;体力活动还可降低血脂,减轻或延迟动脉粥样硬化;体力活动可以充分利用能量,使病人体重趋于理想,而不致肥胖。特别是对于老年期发生的糖尿病多属于非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病,这些病人使用胰岛素治疗效果不好,而运动却可以使血糖降低。有… 相似文献
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运动疗法对超重和肥胖的早发2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
探讨运动疗法对超重和肥胖的早发2型糖尿病患者体重、胰岛素抵抗、β细胞功能的影响。收集40岁以下2型糖尿病117例,按就诊顺序随机分为A、B两组,在饮食治疗及胰岛素治疗的前提下,A组患者采用快走的运动方案;B组患者只参加一般日常工作和家务劳动。在12 w后再次测定患者血压、体重、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、血脂谱,以及胰岛素抵抗指数、β细胞功能指数计数,并记录用药情况,与12 w之前的结果进行对比。发现A组患者体重下降率、血压下降率、胰岛素用量都明显低于B组(P<0.05),停药率明显高于B组(P<0.05);A组治疗后胰岛素抵抗指数改善好于B组(P<0.05)。运动疗法可降低超重和肥胖早发2型糖尿病患者的体重,有助于代谢综合征的改善,可以减少胰岛素的使用量,有助于胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能的改善。 相似文献
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2型糖尿病的病理生理改变主要是从胰岛素抵抗为主伴随胰岛素分泌不足，转变到胰岛素分泌不足为主伴胰岛素抵抗，影响胰岛功能正常发挥，进而导致慢性高血糖的代谢疾病。科学合理的运动可以恢复胰岛细胞的功能，增加胰岛素敏感性，减轻胰岛素的抵抗现象、促进机体对糖的利用，从而改善2型糖尿病患者胰岛功能和糖代谢的调节作用。因此，养成良好的运动习惯对糖尿病的预防具有积极的促进作用。 相似文献
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Emma J Cockcroft Craig A Williams Sarah R Jackman Shikhar Bassi Neil Armstrong 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(2):149-155
The purpose of this study was to assess the acute effect of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and fat oxidation in young boys. Eleven boys (8.8 ± 0.8 y) completed three conditions: 1) HIIE; 2) work-matched MIE; and 3) rest (CON) followed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to determine glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity (Cederholm index). Fat oxidation was measured following the OGTT using indirect calorimetry. There was no effect for condition on plasma [glucose] and [insulin] area under the curve (AUC) responses following the OGTT (P > 0.09). However, there was a “trend” for a condition effect for insulin sensitivity with a small increase after HIIE (P = 0.04, ES = 0.28, 9.7%) and MIE (P = 0.07, ES = 0.21, 6.5%) compared to CON. There was an increase in fat oxidation AUC following HIIE (P = 0.008, ES = 0.79, 38.9%) compared to CON, but with no differences between MIE and CON and HIIE and MIE (P > 0.13). In conclusion, 7- to 10-year-old boys may have limited scope to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance after a single bout of HIIE and MIE. However, fat oxidation is augmented after HIIE but not MIE. 相似文献
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The aims of the present study were to determine whether available "fasting" and oral glucose tolerance test-derived insulin sensitivity indices could effectively discriminate between individuals with higher than normal insulin sensitivity, and whether they would all provide similar information in clinical practice. Sprint runners (n = 8), endurance runners (n = 8) and sedentary controls (n = 7) received a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. All participants were healthy lean males, aged 21-29 years. Besides glucose and insulin responses, a total of nine such indices were computed. Fasting as well as post-load glucose concentrations were similar in the three groups, while basal plasma insulin and the insulinaemic response to glucose were both higher in untrained individuals (at P < 0.05 and P < 0.02, respectively). There were no differences between endurance and sprint runners. The results for insulin sensitivity, however, were quite variable: three indices showed that both groups of athletes were more insulin-sensitive than controls; three indicated that this was the case for endurance runners only; one indicated that this was the case for sprint runners only; and two showed that sprint runners were more insulin-sensitive than either sedentary individuals or endurance runners (all differences were significant at P < 0.05). Controlling for total body weight or lean mass did not effectively resolve this disagreement. Apparently, the various insulin sensitivity indices examined provided different quantitative and qualitative information, despite insulin action being greater in both groups of athletes relative to controls, as reflected by their similar glucose tolerance with lower insulin concentrations. We suggest, therefore, that the use and interpretation of such indices among physically active individuals be made with caution. 相似文献
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Konstantinos Niakaris Faidon Magkos Nikos Geladas Labros S Sidossis 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):1065-1073
The aims of the present study were to determine whether available “fasting” and oral glucose tolerance test-derived insulin sensitivity indices could effectively discriminate between individuals with higher than normal insulin sensitivity, and whether they would all provide similar information in clinical practice. Sprint runners (n = 8), endurance runners (n = 8) and sedentary controls (n = 7) received a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. All participants were healthy lean males, aged 21?–?29 years. Besides glucose and insulin responses, a total of nine such indices were computed. Fasting as well as post-load glucose concentrations were similar in the three groups, while basal plasma insulin and the insulinaemic response to glucose were both higher in untrained individuals (at P?<?0.05 and P?<?0.02, respectively). There were no differences between endurance and sprint runners. The results for insulin sensitivity, however, were quite variable: three indices showed that both groups of athletes were more insulin-sensitive than controls; three indicated that this was the case for endurance runners only; one indicated that this was the case for sprint runners only; and two showed that sprint runners were more insulin-sensitive than either sedentary individuals or endurance runners (all differences were significant at P?<?0.05). Controlling for total body weight or lean mass did not effectively resolve this disagreement. Apparently, the various insulin sensitivity indices examined provided different quantitative and qualitative information, despite insulin action being greater in both groups of athletes relative to controls, as reflected by their similar glucose tolerance with lower insulin concentrations. We suggest, therefore, that the use and interpretation of such indices among physically active individuals be made with caution. 相似文献
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Chen MT Lee WC Chen SC Chen CC Chen CY Lee SD Jensen J Kuo CH 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2010,81(4):472-477
In the present study, we investigated the effect of a long-term mountain expedition on glucose tolerance and insulin action. Twelve registered mountaineers ages 31 years (SD = 1.1) participated in a 25-day expedition at a 2,200-3,800-m altitude with an average duration of 8 hr per day. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was substantially reduced during hiking. Glucose tolerance and insulin responses were measured prior to and twice during the expedition period. Maximal oxygen consumption increased from 43.0 +/- 2.7 to 49.1 +/- 2.2 mL/kg/min. Percentage of body fat decreased from 19.4 +/- 6.8% to 16.9 +/- 5.9%. The area under the curves for insulin and glucose during the oral glucose tolerance test were also reduced in Days 3 and 25. The present study demonstrated that altitude hiking activity is an effective lifestyle intervention to improve insulin action. 相似文献
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Liu TC Liu YY Lee SD Huang CY Chien KY Cheng IS Lin CY Kuo CH 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(9):919-925
Athletes frequently adjust their training volume in line with their athletic competition schedule, onset of sport injury, and retirement. Whether maintenance of partial training activity during the detraining period can preserve optimal body composition and insulin sensitivity is currently unknown. Sixteen elite kayak athletes (mean VO2max: 58.5 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), s = 1.77) were randomly assigned to a totally detrained group (age: 20.8 years, s = 0.7; body mass index: 23.74, s = 0.54) or partially detrained group (age: 21.8 years, s = 0.7; body mass index: 23.20, s = 1.02), whereby totally detrained participants terminated their training routine completely and the partially detrained participants preserved approximately 50% of their previous training duration with equivalent intensity for one month. Body mass, waist circumference, oral glucose tolerance test, insulin, leptin, cortisol, and testosterone were measured during the trained state and after detraining. Waist circumferences for both the partially detrained and totally detrained groups were significantly elevated after detraining, with no group difference. However, body mass was reduced in both groups. Significant elevations in the area under the curve for insulin and fasted leptin with detraining were observed. These changes were greater in the totally detrained participants. In conclusion, the present results show that maintaining partial training activity cannot prevent an increase in waist circumference. During the detraining period, the magnitude of increase in plasma insulin and leptin concentrations was regulated in an activity-dependent manner. 相似文献
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Mu-Tsung Chen Wen-Chih Lee Shih-Chang Chen Chiu-Chou Chen Chung-Yu Chen Shin-Da Lee 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):472-477
In the present study, we investigated the effect of a long-term mountain expedition on glucose tolerance and insulin action. Twelve registered mountaineers ages 31 years (SD = 1.1) participated in a 25-day expedition at a 2,200-3,800-m altitude with an average duration of 8 hr per day. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was substantially reduced during hiking. Glucose tolerance and insulin responses were measured prior to and twice during the expedition period. Maximal oxygen consumption increased from 43.0 ± 2.7 to 49.1 ± 2.2 mL/kg/min. Percentage of body fat decreased from 19.4 ± 6.8% to 16.9 ± 5.9%. The area under the curves for insulin and glucose during the oral glucose tolerance test were also reduced in Days 3 and 25. The present study demonstrated that altitude hiking activity is an effective lifestyle intervention to improve insulin action. 相似文献
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高海明 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(4):129-131
瘦素与胰岛素关系密切,瘦素功能的发挥在胰岛素抵抗的发生发展过程中起着重要作用,其功能的紊乱是发生胰岛素抵抗的重要原因之一。瘦素和胰岛素之间存在相互调节,瘦素还参与胰岛素调节的细胞间信号传导通路的调控,在发挥各自生理功能的细胞间信号通路上两者存在交叉通路。瘦素和运动均可刺激肌肉中蛋白激酶（AMPK）的活化,增加AMPK的含量,提高了胰岛素（Insulin）的敏感性,加强了肌细胞对葡萄糖的摄入。 相似文献
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Krzysztof Kusy Jacek Zieliński Łucja Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(15):1656-1664
AbstractThere are no studies available that portray insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in ageing sprint-trained athletes. We compared male young and master sprint-trained athletes to endurance-trained and untrained individuals. We hypothesised that ageing sprint-trained athletes would preserve insulin sensitivity and β-cell function at a level similar to that of endurance-trained peers and better than in untrained individuals. We showed the associations between age and parameters derived from the updated Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA2 model) in 52 sprint-trained track and field athletes (aged 20?90 years), 85 endurance runners (20?80 years) and 55 untrained individuals (20?70 years). Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were not associated with age in sprint-trained athletes. These variables remained relatively stable across a wide range of age and comparable to those observed in endurance-trained athletes. In contrast, the untrained group showed considerable age-related increase in fasting insulin and β-cell activity and a strong decrease in insulin sensitivity compared to both athletic groups. HOMA2 parameters were significantly related to maximal oxygen in the combined group of participants. In summary, chronic training based on a “sprint model” of physical activity, that contains mixed exercise, seems to be effective in maintaining normal insulin sensitivity with ageing. 相似文献
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铬是胰岛素发挥生物学作用所必需的微量元素，缺铬可引起胰岛素抵抗，而铬补剂可改善胰岛素抵抗，增加胰岛素靶组织对胰岛素的敏感性，影响机体对葡萄糖的摄取、氧化和糖原合成。就铬对运动机体葡萄糖代谢的影响作一综述。 相似文献